Forgetting Trauma: Socially Shared Retrieval-induced Forgetting and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

Applied Cognitive Psychology

Volumn 26, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 24-34

  Brown, Adam D ^a   Kramer, Michael E ^b   Romano, Tracy A ^c   Hirst, William ^d  

^a NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS   (United States)

^c FLORIDA ATLANTIC UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d NEW SCHOOL FOR SOCIAL RESEARCH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; HUMAN; INFORMATION RETRIEVAL; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MEMORY DISORDER; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SOCIALLY SHARED RETRIEVAL INDUCED FORGETTING; STIMULUS; VETERAN; WITHIN INDIVIDUAL RETRIEVAL INDUCED FORGETTING;

EID: 84856013023     PISSN: 08884080     EISSN: 10990720     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/acp.1791     Document Type: Article

References (51)

1. AhnAllen, C. G., Nestor, P. G., McCarley, R. W., & Shenton, M. E. (2007). The role of retrieval inhibition in the associative memory impairment of schizophrenia. Psychiatry Research, 150, 43-50.
2. APA. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
3. Amir, N., Badour, C. L., & Freese, B. (2009). The effect of retrieval on recall of information in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 23, 535-540.
4. Amir, N., Coles, M. E., Brigidi, B., & Foa, E. B. (2001). The effect of practice on recall of emotional information in individuals with generalized social phobia. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 110, 76-82.
5. Anderson, M. C. (2005). The role of inhibitory control in forgetting unwanted memories: A consideration of three methods. In C. MacLeod & B. Uttl (Eds.), Dynamic cognitive processes (pp. 159-190). Tokyo: Springer-Verlag.
6. Anderson, M. C., Bjork, R. A., & Bjork, E. L. (1994). Remembering can cause forgetting: Retrieval dynamics in long-term memory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, & Cognition, 20, 1063-1087.
7. Anderson, M. C., & Levy, B. J. (2007). Theoretical issues in inhibition: Insights from research on human memory. In: D. Gorfein & C. MacLeod (Eds.), Inhibition in cognition (pp. 81-102). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
8. Anderson, M. C., & Spellman, B. A. (1995). On the status of inhibitory mechanisms in cognition: Memory retrieval as a model case. Psychological Review, 102, 68-100.
9. Barnier, A., Hung, L., & Conway, M. (2004). Retrieval-induced forgetting of emotional and unemotional autobiographical memories. Cognition and Emotion, 18, 457-477.
10. Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. K. (1996). Manual for the Beck depression inventory (2nd ed.). San Antonio, TX: The Psychological Corporation.
11. Blanchard, E. B., Jones-Alexander, J., Buckley, T. C., & Forneris, C. A. (1996). Psychometric properties of the PTSD checklist (PCL). Behavior Research and Therapy, 34, 669-673.
12. Bliese, P. D., Wright, K. M., Adler, A. B., Cabrera, O., Castro, C. A., & Hoge, C. W. (2008). Validating the posttraumatic stress disorder screen and the posttraumatic stress disorder checklist with soldiers returning from combat. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76, 272-281.
13. Brewin, C. R., Andrews, B., & Valentine, J. D. (2000). Meta-analysis of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 748-766.
14. Cassiday, K. L., McNally, R. J., & Zeitlin, S. B. (1992). Cognitive processing of trauma cues in posttraumatic stress disorder. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 16, 283-296.
15. Chan, J. C. K., McDermott, K. B., & Roediger, H. L. (2006). Retrieval-induced facilitation: Initially nontested material can benefit from prior testing of related material. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 135, 553-571.
16. Cloitre, M. (1998). Intentional forgetting and the clinical disorders. In J. M. Golding & C. L. MacLeod (Eds.), Intentional forgetting: Interdisciplinary approaches (pp. 395-412). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
17. th. Psychological Science, 20, 627-633.
18. Conway, M. A., & Fthenaki, A. (2003). Disruption of inhibitory control of memory following lesions to the frontal and temporal lobes. Cortex, 39, 667-686.
19. Conway, M. A., & Pleydell-Pearce, C. W. (2000). The construction of autobiographical memories in the self-memory system. Psychological Review, 107, 261-288.
20. Cuc, A., Koppel, J., & Hirst, W. (2007). Silence is not golden: Socially-shared retrieval-induced forgetting. Psychological Science, 18, 727-733.
21. DePrince, A. P., & Freyd, J. J. (2001). Memory and dissociative tendencies: The roles of attentional context and word meaning in a directed forgetting task. Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 2, 67-82.
22. DePrince, D. P., & Freyd, J. J. (2004). Forgetting trauma stimuli. Psychological Science, 15, 488-492.
23. Dodd, M. D., Castel, A. C., & Roberts, K. E. (2006). A strategy disruption component to retrieval-induced forgetting. Memory and Cognition, 34, 102-111.
24. Ehlers, A., & Clark, D. M. (2000). A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38, 319-345.
25. Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., & Michael, T. (2004). Intrusive re-experiencing in post-traumatic stress disorder: Phenomenology, theory, and therapy. Memory, 12, 403-415.
26. Foa, E. B., Feske, U., Murdock, T. B., Kozak, M. J., McCarthy, P. R. (1991). Processing of threat-related information in rape victims. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100, 156-162.
27. Foa, E. B., & Rothbaum, B. O. (1998). Treating the trauma of rape: Cognitive behavioral therapy for PTSD. New York: Guilford Press.
28. Hackmann, A., Ehlers, A., Speckens, A., & Clark, D. M. (2004). Characteristics and content of intrusive memories in PTSD and their changes with treatment. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 17, 231-240.
29. Hirst, W., & Echterhoff, G. (2008). Creating shared memories in conversation: Towards a psychology of collective memory. Social Research, 75, 183-216.
30. Kaspi, S. P., McNally, R. J., & Amir, N. (1995). Cognitive processing of emotional information in posttraumatic stress disorder. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 19, 433-444.
31. Loftus, E. F. (2003). Our changeable memories: Legal and practical implications. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience, 4, 231-234.
32. Macrae, C. N., & Roseveare, T. A. (2002). I was always on my mind: The self and temporary forgetting. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 9, 611-614.
33. Marsh, E. (2007). Retelling is not the same as recalling: Implications for memory. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16, 16-20.
34. Mathews, A., & MacLeod, C. (1994). Cognitive approaches to emotion and emotional disorders. Annual Review of Psychology, 45, 25-50.
35. McNally, R. J. (1998). Experimental approaches to cognitive abnormality in posttraumatic stress disorder. Clinical Psychology Review, 18, 971-982.
36. McNally, R. J. (2006). Cognitive abnormalities in post-traumatic stress disorder. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 10, 271-277.
37. McNally, R. J. (2007). Betrayal trauma theory: A critical appraisal. Memory, 15, 280-294.
38. McNally, R. J., Kaspi, S. P., Riemann, B. C., & Zeitlin, S. B. (1990). Selective processing of threat cues in posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 99, 398-402.
39. McNally, R. J., Metzger, L. J., Lasko, N. B., Clancy, S. A., & Pitman, R. K. (1998). Directed forgetting of trauma cues in adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse with and without posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 107, 596-601.
40. Moore, S. A., & Zoellner, L. A. (2007). Overgeneral autobiographical memory and traumatic events: An evaluative review. Psychological Bulletin, 133, 419-437.
41. Nestor, P. G., Piech, R., Allen, C., Niznikiewicz, M., Shenton, M., & McCarley, R. W. (2005). Schizophrenia Research, 75, 199-209.
42. Ozer, E. J., Best, S. R., Lipsey, T. L., & Weiss, D. S. (2003). Predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder and symptoms in adults: A meta-analyses. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 52-73.
43. Resick, P. A., & Schnicke, M. K. (1993). Cognitive processing therapy for sexual assault victims: A treatment manual. Newbury Park CA: Sage Publications.
44. Román, P., Soriano, M. F., Gómez-Ariza, C., & Bajo, M. T. (2009). Retrieval-induced forgetting and executive control. Psychological Science, 20, 1053-1058.
45. Soriano, M. F., Jiménez, J. F., Román, P., & Bajo, M. T. (2009). Inhibitory processes in memory are impaired in schizophrenia: Evidence from retrieval-induced forgetting. British Journal of Psychology, 100, 61-64.
46. Stone, C., Barnier, A. J., Sutton, J., & Hirst, W. (2010). Building social consensus about the past: Memorability, integration, and socially shared retrieval-induced forgetting. Memory, 18, 170-184.
47. Tripp, E. F. (2007). Surviving Iraq: Soldiers' stories. Northampton: Interlink Publishing Group.
48. Weathers, F. W., Litz, B. T., Herman, D. S., Huska, J. A., & Keane, T. (1993). The PTSD checklist: Reliability, validity, and diagnostic utility. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the International Society for Traumatic Stress Studies.
49. Wessel, I. & Hauer, B. (2006). Retrieval-induced forgetting of autobiographical memory details. Cognition and Emotion, 20, 430-447.
50. Wessel, I., Merckelbach, H., & Dekkers, T. (2002). Autobiographical memory specificity, intrusive memory, and general memory skills in Dutch-Indonesian survivors of the World War II era. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 15, 227-234.
51. Williams, C. C., & Zacks, R. T. (2001). Is retrieval-induced forgetting an inhibitory process? American Journal of Psychology, 114, 329-354.