메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 175, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 49-82

Statistical methods for the prospective detection of infectious disease outbreaks: A review

Author keywords

Biosurveillance; Clusters; Control chart; Epidemics; Infectious diseases; Outbreak; Prospective detection; Surveillance

Indexed keywords


EID: 84855970335     PISSN: 09641998     EISSN: 1467985X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-985X.2011.00714.x     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (270)

References (193)
  • 1
    • 70249103836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 method in multivariate on-line surveillance: on the delay of an alarm
    • 2 method in multivariate on-line surveillance: on the delay of an alarm. Communs Statist. Theor. Meth., 38, 2625-2633.
    • (2009) Communs Statist. Theor. Meth. , vol.38 , pp. 2625-2633
    • Andersson, E.1
  • 2
    • 60849121451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of dependency in systems for multivariate surveillance
    • Andersson, E. (2009b) Effect of dependency in systems for multivariate surveillance. Communs Statist. Simuln Computn, 38, 454-472.
    • (2009) Communs Statist. Simuln Computn , vol.38 , pp. 454-472
    • Andersson, E.1
  • 3
    • 47949104276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling influenza incidence for the purpose of on-line monitoring
    • Andersson, E., Bock, D. and Frisén, M. (2008) Modeling influenza incidence for the purpose of on-line monitoring. Statist. Meth. Med. Res., 17, 421-438.
    • (2008) Statist. Meth. Med. Res. , vol.17 , pp. 421-438
    • Andersson, E.1    Bock, D.2    Frisén, M.3
  • 4
    • 62849094737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surveillance to detect emerging space-time clusters
    • Assunção, R. and Correa, T. (2009) Surveillance to detect emerging space-time clusters. Computnl Statist. Data Anal., 53, 2817-2830.
    • (2009) Computnl Statist. Data Anal. , vol.53 , pp. 2817-2830
    • Assunção, R.1    Correa, T.2
  • 5
    • 33644633055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fast detection of arbitrarily shaped disease clusters
    • Assunção, R., Costa, M., Tavares, A. and Ferreira, S. (2006) Fast detection of arbitrarily shaped disease clusters. Statist. Med., 25, 723-742.
    • (2006) Statist. Med. , vol.25 , pp. 723-742
    • Assunção, R.1    Costa, M.2    Tavares, A.3    Ferreira, S.4
  • 7
    • 0001677717 scopus 로고
    • Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing
    • Benjamini, Y. and Hochberg, Y. (1995) Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing. J. R. Statist. Soc. B, 57, 289-300.
    • (1995) J. R. Statist. Soc. B , vol.57 , pp. 289-300
    • Benjamini, Y.1    Hochberg, Y.2
  • 8
    • 0032016334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical quality control methods in infection control and hospital epidemiology, Part I: Introduction and basic theory
    • Benneyan, J. C. (1998a) Statistical quality control methods in infection control and hospital epidemiology, Part I: Introduction and basic theory. Infectn Contr. Hosp. Epidem., 19, 194-214.
    • (1998) Infectn Contr. Hosp. Epidem. , vol.19 , pp. 194-214
    • Benneyan, J.C.1
  • 9
    • 0032040747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical quality control methods in infection control and hospital epidemiology, Part II: Chart use, statistical properties, and research issues
    • Benneyan, J. C. (1998b) Statistical quality control methods in infection control and hospital epidemiology, Part II: Chart use, statistical properties, and research issues. Infectn Contr. Hosp. Epidem., 19, 265-283.
    • (1998) Infectn Contr. Hosp. Epidem. , vol.19 , pp. 265-283
    • Benneyan, J.C.1
  • 10
    • 28344449679 scopus 로고
    • A Bayesian image restoration, with two applications in spatial statistics (with discussion)
    • Besag, J., York, J. and Mollié, A. (1991) A Bayesian image restoration, with two applications in spatial statistics (with discussion). Ann. Inst. Statist. Math., 43, 1-59.
    • (1991) Ann. Inst. Statist. Math. , vol.43 , pp. 1-59
    • Besag, J.1    York, J.2    Mollié, A.3
  • 11
    • 0002028836 scopus 로고
    • Statistical methods for analysing point-source exposures
    • (eds P. Elliot, D. Cuzick, D. English and R. Stern). Oxford: Oxford University Press
    • Bithell, J. F. (1992) Statistical methods for analysing point-source exposures. In Geographic and Environmental Epidemiology: Methods for Small Area Studies (eds P. Elliot, D. Cuzick, D. English and R. Stern), pp. 1-35. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
    • (1992) Geographic and Environmental Epidemiology: Methods for Small Area Studies , pp. 1-35
    • Bithell, J.F.1
  • 12
    • 41149114139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical surveillance of epidemics: peak detection of influenza in Sweden
    • Bock, D., Andersson, E. and Frisén, M. (2008) Statistical surveillance of epidemics: peak detection of influenza in Sweden. Biometr. J., 50, 71-85.
    • (2008) Biometr. J. , vol.50 , pp. 71-85
    • Bock, D.1    Andersson, E.2    Frisén, M.3
  • 13
    • 35349017937 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surveillance of the mean behavior of multivariate time series
    • Bodnar, O. and Schmid, W. (2007) Surveillance of the mean behavior of multivariate time series. Statist. Neerland., 61, 383-406.
    • (2007) Statist. Neerland. , vol.61 , pp. 383-406
    • Bodnar, O.1    Schmid, W.2
  • 17
    • 25444460610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Public health monitoring tools for multiple data streams
    • Burkom, H. S., Murphy, S., Coberly, J. and Hurt-Mullen, K. (2005) Public health monitoring tools for multiple data streams. Morb. Mort. Wkly Rep., suppl., 54, 55-62.
    • (2005) Morb. Mort. Wkly Rep. , vol.54 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 55-62
    • Burkom, H.S.1    Murphy, S.2    Coberly, J.3    Hurt-Mullen, K.4
  • 18
    • 34548637081 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Automated time series forecasting for biosurveillance
    • Burkom, H. S., Murphy, S. P. and Shmueli, G. (2007) Automated time series forecasting for biosurveillance. Statist. Med., 26, 4202-4218.
    • (2007) Statist. Med. , vol.26 , pp. 4202-4218
    • Burkom, H.S.1    Murphy, S.P.2    Shmueli, G.3
  • 20
    • 0033566585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the application of integer-valued time series models for the analysis of disease incidence
    • Cardinal, M., Roy, R. and Lambert, J. (1999) On the application of integer-valued time series models for the analysis of disease incidence. Statist. Med., 18, 2025-2039.
    • (1999) Statist. Med. , vol.18 , pp. 2025-2039
    • Cardinal, M.1    Roy, R.2    Lambert, J.3
  • 22
    • 0000557133 scopus 로고
    • Holt-Winters forecasting: some practical issues
    • Chatfield, C. and Yar, M. (1988) Holt-Winters forecasting: some practical issues. Statistician, 37, 129-140.
    • (1988) Statistician , vol.37 , pp. 129-140
    • Chatfield, C.1    Yar, M.2
  • 23
    • 0000971135 scopus 로고
    • A surveillance system for congenital malformations
    • Chen, R. (1978) A surveillance system for congenital malformations. J. Am. Statist. Ass., 73, 323-327.
    • (1978) J. Am. Statist. Ass. , vol.73 , pp. 323-327
    • Chen, R.1
  • 24
    • 0019470002 scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of influenza mortality surveillance, 1962-1979: 1, Time series forecasts of expected pneumonia and influenza deaths
    • Choi, K. (1981) An evaluation of influenza mortality surveillance, 1962-1979: 1, Time series forecasts of expected pneumonia and influenza deaths. Am. J. Epidem., 113, 215-226.
    • (1981) Am. J. Epidem. , vol.113 , pp. 215-226
    • Choi, K.1
  • 25
    • 78649474318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of various statistical methods for detecting disease outbreaks
    • Choi, B. Y., Kim, H., Go, U. Y., Jeong, J.-H. and Lee, J. W. (2010) Comparison of various statistical methods for detecting disease outbreaks. Computnl Statist., 25, 603-617.
    • (2010) Computnl Statist. , vol.25 , pp. 603-617
    • Choi, B.Y.1    Kim, H.2    Go, U.Y.3    Jeong, J.-H.4    Lee, J.W.5
  • 26
    • 33746390481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surveillance of individual level disease maps
    • Clark, A. B. and Lawson, A. B. (2006) Surveillance of individual level disease maps. Statist. Meth. Med. Res., 15, 353-362.
    • (2006) Statist. Meth. Med. Res. , vol.15 , pp. 353-362
    • Clark, A.B.1    Lawson, A.B.2
  • 28
    • 84855939901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bayesian hierarchical Poisson models with a hidden Markov structure for the detection of influenza epidemic outbreaks
    • Departament d'Estadística i Investigació Operativa, Universitat de València, València
    • Conesa, D., Martínez-Beneito, M. A., Amorós, R. and López-Quílez, A. (2010) Bayesian hierarchical Poisson models with a hidden Markov structure for the detection of influenza epidemic outbreaks. Working Paper. Departament d'Estadística i Investigació Operativa, Universitat de València, València.
    • (2010) Working Paper
    • Conesa, D.1    Martínez-Beneito, M.A.2    Amorós, R.3    López-Quílez, A.4
  • 30
    • 38149061141 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using control charts to monitor quality of hospital care with administrative data
    • Coory, M., Duckett, S. and Sketcher-Baker, K. (2008) Using control charts to monitor quality of hospital care with administrative data. Int. J. Qual. Hlth Care, 20, 31-39.
    • (2008) Int. J. Qual. Hlth Care , vol.20 , pp. 31-39
    • Coory, M.1    Duckett, S.2    Sketcher-Baker, K.3
  • 34
    • 0000168129 scopus 로고
    • Some statistical methods related with series of events (with discussion)
    • Cox, D. R. (1955) Some statistical methods related with series of events (with discussion). J. R. Statist. Soc. B, 17, 129-164.
    • (1955) J. R. Statist. Soc. B , vol.17 , pp. 129-164
    • Cox, D.R.1
  • 35
    • 0022758777 scopus 로고
    • A new two-sided cumulative sum quality control scheme
    • Crosier, R. B. (1988) A new two-sided cumulative sum quality control scheme. Technometrics, 28, 187-194.
    • (1988) Technometrics , vol.28 , pp. 187-194
    • Crosier, R.B.1
  • 36
    • 0002629270 scopus 로고
    • Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the EM algorithm (with discussion)
    • Dempster, A. P., Laird, N. M. and Rubin, D. B. (1977) Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the EM algorithm (with discussion). J. R. Statist. Soc. B, 39, 1-38.
    • (1977) J. R. Statist. Soc. B , vol.39 , pp. 1-38
    • Dempster, A.P.1    Laird, N.M.2    Rubin, D.B.3
  • 38
    • 22344438843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Point process methodology for on-line spatio-temporal disease surveillance
    • Diggle, P. J., Rowlingson, B. and Su, T.-L. (2005) Point process methodology for on-line spatio-temporal disease surveillance. Environmetrics, 16, 423-434.
    • (2005) Environmetrics , vol.16 , pp. 423-434
    • Diggle, P.J.1    Rowlingson, B.2    Su, T.-L.3
  • 39
    • 0043180458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health effects of air pollution: a statistical review
    • Dominici, F., Sheppard, L. and Clyde, M. (2003) Health effects of air pollution: a statistical review. Int. Statist. Rev., 71, 243-276.
    • (2003) Int. Statist. Rev. , vol.71 , pp. 243-276
    • Dominici, F.1    Sheppard, L.2    Clyde, M.3
  • 40
    • 49549100681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surveillance strategies for detecting changepoint in incidence rate based on exponentially weighted moving average methods
    • Dong, Y., Hedayat, A. S. and Sinha, B. K. (2008) Surveillance strategies for detecting changepoint in incidence rate based on exponentially weighted moving average methods. J. Am. Statist. Ass., 103, 843-853.
    • (2008) J. Am. Statist. Ass. , vol.103 , pp. 843-853
    • Dong, Y.1    Hedayat, A.S.2    Sinha, B.K.3
  • 41
    • 1142280371 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A simulated annealing strategy for the detection of arbitrarily shaped spatial clusters
    • Duczmal, L. and Assunção, R. M. (2004) A simulated annealing strategy for the detection of arbitrarily shaped spatial clusters. Computnl Statist. Data Anal., 45, 269-286.
    • (2004) Computnl Statist. Data Anal. , vol.45 , pp. 269-286
    • Duczmal, L.1    Assunção, R.M.2
  • 42
    • 70449432969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and evaluation of a data-adaptive alerting algorithm for univariate temporal biosurveillance data
    • Elbert, Y. and Burkom, H. S. (2009) Development and evaluation of a data-adaptive alerting algorithm for univariate temporal biosurveillance data. Statist. Med., 28, 3226-3248.
    • (2009) Statist. Med. , vol.28 , pp. 3226-3248
    • Elbert, Y.1    Burkom, H.S.2
  • 43
    • 3042708435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring clinical performance: invited comments on the papers by Grigg and Farewell and Marshall et al
    • Farrington, C. P. (2004) Monitoring clinical performance: invited comments on the papers by Grigg and Farewell and Marshall et al. J. R. Statist. Soc. A, 167, 562-563.
    • (2004) J. R. Statist. Soc. A , vol.167 , pp. 562-563
    • Farrington, C.P.1
  • 45
    • 0039471962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A statistical algorithm for the early detection of outbreaks of infectious disease
    • Farrington, C. P., Andrews, N. J., Beale, A. D. and Catchpole, M. A. (1996) A statistical algorithm for the early detection of outbreaks of infectious disease. J. R. Statist. Soc. A, 159, 547-563.
    • (1996) J. R. Statist. Soc. A , vol.159 , pp. 547-563
    • Farrington, C.P.1    Andrews, N.J.2    Beale, A.D.3    Catchpole, M.A.4
  • 46
    • 0344117495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical process control methods allow the analysis and improvement of anesthesia care
    • Fasting, S. and Gisvold, S. E. (2003) Statistical process control methods allow the analysis and improvement of anesthesia care. Can. J. Anesth., 50, 767-774.
    • (2003) Can. J. Anesth. , vol.50 , pp. 767-774
    • Fasting, S.1    Gisvold, S.E.2
  • 47
    • 13844277022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical issues and challenges associated with rapid detection of bio-terrorist attacks
    • Fienberg, S. E. and Shmueli, G. (2005) Statistical issues and challenges associated with rapid detection of bio-terrorist attacks. Statist. Med., 24, 513-529.
    • (2005) Statist. Med. , vol.24 , pp. 513-529
    • Fienberg, S.E.1    Shmueli, G.2
  • 48
    • 46249110356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance metrics for surveillance schemes
    • Fraker, S. E., Woodall, W. H. and Mousavi, S. (2008) Performance metrics for surveillance schemes. Qual. Engng, 20, 451-464.
    • (2008) Qual. Engng , vol.20 , pp. 451-464
    • Fraker, S.E.1    Woodall, W.H.2    Mousavi, S.3
  • 49
    • 79851483975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rejoinder: some methodological issues in biosurveillance
    • Fricker, Jr, R. D. (2001) Rejoinder: some methodological issues in biosurveillance. Statist. Med., 30, 434-441.
    • (2001) Statist. Med. , vol.30 , pp. 434-441
    • Fricker Jr., R.D.1
  • 50
    • 0026792952 scopus 로고
    • Evaluations of methods for statistical surveillance
    • Frisén, M. (1992) Evaluations of methods for statistical surveillance. Statist. Med., 11, 1489-1502.
    • (1992) Statist. Med. , vol.11 , pp. 1489-1502
    • Frisén, M.1
  • 51
    • 0042360585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical surveillance: optimality and methods
    • Frisén, M. (2003) Statistical surveillance: optimality and methods. Int. Statist. Rev., 71, 403-434.
    • (2003) Int. Statist. Rev. , vol.71 , pp. 403-434
    • Frisén, M.1
  • 52
    • 34248199973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Properties and use of the Shewhart method and its followers
    • Frisén, M. (2007) Properties and use of the Shewhart method and its followers. Sequentl Anal., 26, 171-193.
    • (2007) Sequentl Anal. , vol.26 , pp. 171-193
    • Frisén, M.1
  • 53
    • 84906657673 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Principles for multivariate surveillance
    • (eds H.-J. Lenz, P.-T. Wilrich and W. Schmid). Berlin: Springer
    • Frisén, M. (2010) Principles for multivariate surveillance. In Frontiers in Statistical Quality Control 9 (eds H.-J. Lenz, P.-T. Wilrich and W. Schmid), pp. 133-144. Berlin: Springer.
    • (2010) Frontiers in Statistical Quality Control 9 , pp. 133-144
    • Frisén, M.1
  • 54
    • 77951748899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Semiparametric surveillance of monotonic changes
    • Frisén, M. and Andersson, E. (2009) Semiparametric surveillance of monotonic changes. Sequentl Anal., 28, 434-454.
    • (2009) Sequentl Anal. , vol.28 , pp. 434-454
    • Frisén, M.1    Andersson, E.2
  • 55
    • 77951199679 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Semiparametric estimation of outbreak regression
    • Frisén, M., Andersson, E. and Pettersson, K. (2010) Semiparametric estimation of outbreak regression. Statistics, 44, 107-117.
    • (2010) Statistics , vol.44 , pp. 107-117
    • Frisén, M.1    Andersson, E.2    Pettersson, K.3
  • 56
    • 63049132797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Robust outbreak surveillance of epidemics in Sweden
    • Frisén, M., Andersson, E. and Schiöler, L. (2009) Robust outbreak surveillance of epidemics in Sweden. Statist. Med., 28, 476-493.
    • (2009) Statist. Med. , vol.28 , pp. 476-493
    • Frisén, M.1    Andersson, E.2    Schiöler, L.3
  • 58
    • 0010405373 scopus 로고
    • Optimal surveillance
    • Frisén, M. and de Maré, J. (1991) Optimal surveillance. Biometrika, 78, 271-280.
    • (1991) Biometrika , vol.78 , pp. 271-280
    • Frisén, M.1    de Maré, J.2
  • 59
    • 84963289702 scopus 로고
    • Monitoring observations generated from a binomial distribution using modified exponentially weighted moving average control charts
    • Gan, F. F. (1991) Monitoring observations generated from a binomial distribution using modified exponentially weighted moving average control charts. J. Statist. Computn Simuln, 37, 45-60.
    • (1991) J. Statist. Computn Simuln , vol.37 , pp. 45-60
    • Gan, F.F.1
  • 60
    • 0003678327 scopus 로고
    • Design of optimal exponential CUSUM control charts
    • Gan, F. F. (1994) Design of optimal exponential CUSUM control charts. J. Qual. Technol., 26, 109-124.
    • (1994) J. Qual. Technol. , vol.26 , pp. 109-124
    • Gan, F.F.1
  • 61
    • 0031652645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Designs of one- and two-sided exponential EWMA Charts
    • Gan, F. F. (1998) Designs of one- and two-sided exponential EWMA Charts. J. Qual. Technol., 30, 44-69.
    • (1998) J. Qual. Technol. , vol.30 , pp. 44-69
    • Gan, F.F.1
  • 63
    • 0037117586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early statistical detection of anthrax outbreaks by tracking over-the-counter medication sales
    • Goldenberg, A., Shmueli, G., Caruana, R. and Fienberg, S. (2002) Early statistical detection of anthrax outbreaks by tracking over-the-counter medication sales. Proc. Natn. Acad. Sci. USA, 99, 5237-5240.
    • (2002) Proc. Natn. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.99 , pp. 5237-5240
    • Goldenberg, A.1    Shmueli, G.2    Caruana, R.3    Fienberg, S.4
  • 64
    • 77949772162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multivariate CUSUM chart: properties and enhancements
    • Golosnoy, V., Ragulin, S. and Schmid, W. (2009) Multivariate CUSUM chart: properties and enhancements. Adv. Statist. Anal., 93, 263-279.
    • (2009) Adv. Statist. Anal. , vol.93 , pp. 263-279
    • Golosnoy, V.1    Ragulin, S.2    Schmid, W.3
  • 65
    • 76349091139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early detection of influenza outbreaks using the DC Department of Health's syndromic surveillance system
    • article
    • Griffin, B. A., Jain, A. K., Davies-Cole, J., Glymph, C., Lum, G., Washington, S. C. and Stoto, M. A. (2009) Early detection of influenza outbreaks using the DC Department of Health's syndromic surveillance system. BMC Publ. Hlth, 9, article 483.
    • (2009) BMC Publ. Hlth , vol.9 , pp. 483
    • Griffin, B.A.1    Jain, A.K.2    Davies-Cole, J.3    Glymph, C.4    Lum, G.5    Washington, S.C.6    Stoto, M.A.7
  • 66
    • 0037345165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of risk-adjusted CUSUM and RSPRT charts for monitoring in medical contexts
    • Grigg, O. A., Farewell, V. T. and Spiegelhalter, D. J. (2003) Use of risk-adjusted CUSUM and RSPRT charts for monitoring in medical contexts. Statist. Meth. Med. Res., 12, 147-170.
    • (2003) Statist. Meth. Med. Res. , vol.12 , pp. 147-170
    • Grigg, O.A.1    Farewell, V.T.2    Spiegelhalter, D.J.3
  • 67
    • 63849337710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An empirical approximation to the null unbounded steady state distribution of the cumulative sum statistic
    • Grigg, O. A. and Spiegelhalter, D. J. (2008) An empirical approximation to the null unbounded steady state distribution of the cumulative sum statistic. Technometrics, 50, 501-511.
    • (2008) Technometrics , vol.50 , pp. 501-511
    • Grigg, O.A.1    Spiegelhalter, D.J.2
  • 68
    • 77950677977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of CUSUM, EWMA, and temporal scan statistics for detection of increases in Poisson rates
    • Han, S. W., Tsui, K.-L., Ariyajunya, B. and Kim, S. B. (2010) A comparison of CUSUM, EWMA, and temporal scan statistics for detection of increases in Poisson rates. Qual. Reliab. Engng Int., 26, 279-289.
    • (2010) Qual. Reliab. Engng Int. , vol.26 , pp. 279-289
    • Han, S.W.1    Tsui, K.-L.2    Ariyajunya, B.3    Kim, S.B.4
  • 69
    • 28044441101 scopus 로고
    • A simple method for monitoring routine statistics
    • Healy, M. J. R. (1983) A simple method for monitoring routine statistics. Statistician, 32, 347-349.
    • (1983) Statistician , vol.32 , pp. 347-349
    • Healy, M.J.R.1
  • 70
    • 33845867472 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Automated detection of infectious disease outbreaks: hierarchical time series models
    • Heisterkamp, S. H., Dekkers, A. L. M. and Heijne, J. C. M. (2006) Automated detection of infectious disease outbreaks: hierarchical time series models. Statist. Med., 25, 4179-4196.
    • (2006) Statist. Med. , vol.25 , pp. 4179-4196
    • Heisterkamp, S.H.1    Dekkers, A.L.M.2    Heijne, J.C.M.3
  • 71
    • 34447580052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Joint spatial analysis of gastrointestinal infectious diseases
    • Held, L., Graziano, G., Frank, C. and Rue, H. (2006a) Joint spatial analysis of gastrointestinal infectious diseases. Statist. Meth. Med. Res., 15, 465-480.
    • (2006) Statist. Meth. Med. Res. , vol.15 , pp. 465-480
    • Held, L.1    Graziano, G.2    Frank, C.3    Rue, H.4
  • 72
    • 33745464275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A two-component model for counts of infectious diseases
    • Held, L., Hofmann, M., Höhle, M. and Schmid, V. (2006b) A two-component model for counts of infectious diseases. Biostatistics, 7, 422-437.
    • (2006) Biostatistics , vol.7 , pp. 422-437
    • Held, L.1    Hofmann, M.2    Höhle, M.3    Schmid, V.4
  • 73
    • 26844521515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A statistical framework for the analysis of multivariate infectious disease surveillance counts
    • Held, L., Höhle, M. and Hofmann, M. (2005) A statistical framework for the analysis of multivariate infectious disease surveillance counts. Statist. Modllng, 5, 187-199.
    • (2005) Statist. Modllng , vol.5 , pp. 187-199
    • Held, L.1    Höhle, M.2    Hofmann, M.3
  • 74
    • 0022592006 scopus 로고
    • Box-Jenkins modelling of some viral infectious diseases
    • Helfenstein, U. (1986) Box-Jenkins modelling of some viral infectious diseases. Statist. Med., 5, 37-47.
    • (1986) Statist. Med. , vol.5 , pp. 37-47
    • Helfenstein, U.1
  • 75
    • 36849068365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surveillance: an R package for the monitoring of infectious diseases
    • Höhle, M. (2007) Surveillance: an R package for the monitoring of infectious diseases. Computnl Statist., 22, 571-582.
    • (2007) Computnl Statist. , vol.22 , pp. 571-582
    • Höhle, M.1
  • 76
    • 84855956843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aberration detection in R illustrated by Danish mortality monitoring
    • (eds T. Kass-Hout and X. Zhang). London: CRC Press
    • Höhle, M. and Mazick, A. (2010) Aberration detection in R illustrated by Danish mortality monitoring. In Biosurveillance: Methods and Case Studies (eds T. Kass-Hout and X. Zhang), pp. 215-237. London: CRC Press.
    • (2010) Biosurveillance: Methods and Case Studies , pp. 215-237
    • Höhle, M.1    Mazick, A.2
  • 77
    • 42749087852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Count data regression charts for the monitoring of surveillance time series
    • Höhle, M. and Paul, M. (2008) Count data regression charts for the monitoring of surveillance time series. Computnl Statist. Data Anal., 52, 4357-4368.
    • (2008) Computnl Statist. Data Anal. , vol.52 , pp. 4357-4368
    • Höhle, M.1    Paul, M.2
  • 78
    • 0003890150 scopus 로고
    • Forecasting trends and seasonals by exponentially weighted moving averages
    • Carnegie Institute of Technology, Pittsburgh
    • Holt, C. C. (1957) Forecasting trends and seasonals by exponentially weighted moving averages. Memorandum ONR 52/1957. Carnegie Institute of Technology, Pittsburgh.
    • (1957) Memorandum ONR 52/1957
    • Holt, C.C.1
  • 79
    • 0002199780 scopus 로고
    • Multivariate quality control
    • (eds C. Eisenhart, M. W. Hastay and W. A. Wallis). New York: McGraw-Hill
    • Hotelling, H. (1947) Multivariate quality control. In Techniques of Statistical Analysis (eds C. Eisenhart, M. W. Hastay and W. A. Wallis), pp. 111-184. New York: McGraw-Hill.
    • (1947) Techniques of Statistical Analysis , pp. 111-184
    • Hotelling, H.1
  • 83
    • 0141722717 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Early Aberration Reporting System (EARS)
    • Hutwagner, L., Thompson, W. W., Seeman, G. M. and Treadwell, T. (2003) The Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Early Aberration Reporting System (EARS). J. Urb. Hlth, 80, suppl., 89-96.
    • (2003) J. Urb. Hlth , vol.80 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 89-96
    • Hutwagner, L.1    Thompson, W.W.2    Seeman, G.M.3    Treadwell, T.4
  • 84
    • 13844266617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A simulation model for assessing aberration detection methods in public health surveillance for systems with limited baselines
    • Hutwagner, L., Thompson, W. W., Seeman, G. M. and Treadwell, T. (2005) A simulation model for assessing aberration detection methods in public health surveillance for systems with limited baselines. Statist. Med., 24, 543-550.
    • (2005) Statist. Med. , vol.24 , pp. 543-550
    • Hutwagner, L.1    Thompson, W.W.2    Seeman, G.M.3    Treadwell, T.4
  • 85
    • 0141625657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 'Online' monitoring and retrospective analysis of hospital outcomes based on a scan statistic
    • Ismail, N. A., Pettitt, A. N. and Webster, R. A. (2003) 'Online' monitoring and retrospective analysis of hospital outcomes based on a scan statistic. Statist. Med., 22, 2861-2876.
    • (2003) Statist. Med. , vol.22 , pp. 2861-2876
    • Ismail, N.A.1    Pettitt, A.N.2    Webster, R.A.3
  • 86
    • 84863101603 scopus 로고
    • Quality control methods for several related variables
    • Jackson, J. E. (1959) Quality control methods for several related variables. Technometrics, 1, 359-377.
    • (1959) Technometrics , vol.1 , pp. 359-377
    • Jackson, J.E.1
  • 87
    • 33947205080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A simulation study comparing aberration detection algorithms for syndromic surveillance
    • article 6
    • Jackson, M. J., Baer, A., Painter, I. and Duchin, J. (2007) A simulation study comparing aberration detection algorithms for syndromic surveillance. BMC Med. Informat. Decsn Makng, 7, article 6.
    • (2007) BMC Med. Informat. Decsn Makng , vol.7
    • Jackson, M.J.1    Baer, A.2    Painter, I.3    Duchin, J.4
  • 90
    • 47249083946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detecting a rate increase using a Bernoulli scan statistic
    • Joner, M. D., Woodall, W. H. and Reynolds, M. R. (2008) Detecting a rate increase using a Bernoulli scan statistic. Statist. Med., 27, 2555-2575.
    • (2008) Statist. Med. , vol.27 , pp. 2555-2575
    • Joner, M.D.1    Woodall, W.H.2    Reynolds, M.R.3
  • 91
    • 0026496494 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of aberrations in public health surveillance data: estimating variances on correlated samples
    • Kafadar, K. and Stroup, D. (1992) Analysis of aberrations in public health surveillance data: estimating variances on correlated samples. Statist. Med., 11, 1551-1568.
    • (1992) Statist. Med. , vol.11 , pp. 1551-1568
    • Kafadar, K.1    Stroup, D.2
  • 92
    • 8444222024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Data-analytic aspects of the Shiryaev-Roberts control chart: surveillance of a non-homogeneous Poisson process
    • Kenett, R. S. and Pollak, M. (1996) Data-analytic aspects of the Shiryaev-Roberts control chart: surveillance of a non-homogeneous Poisson process. J. Appl. Statist., 23, 125-137.
    • (1996) J. Appl. Statist. , vol.23 , pp. 125-137
    • Kenett, R.S.1    Pollak, M.2
  • 93
    • 39049193558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing surveillance using sensitivity, specificity and timeliness
    • Kleinman, K. P. and Abrams, A. (2006) Assessing surveillance using sensitivity, specificity and timeliness. Statist. Meth. Med. Res., 15, 445-464.
    • (2006) Statist. Meth. Med. Res. , vol.15 , pp. 445-464
    • Kleinman, K.P.1    Abrams, A.2
  • 94
    • 20844437986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A model-adjusted space-time scan statistic with an application to syndromic surveillance
    • Kleinman, K. P., Abrams, A., Kulldorff, M. and Platt, R. (2005) A model-adjusted space-time scan statistic with an application to syndromic surveillance. Epidem. Infectn, 133, 409-419.
    • (2005) Epidem. Infectn , vol.133 , pp. 409-419
    • Kleinman, K.P.1    Abrams, A.2    Kulldorff, M.3    Platt, R.4
  • 95
    • 0942279639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A generalized linear mixed models approach for detecting incident clusters of disease in small areas with an application to biological terrorism
    • Kleinman, K. P., Lazarus, R. and Platt, R. (2004) A generalized linear mixed models approach for detecting incident clusters of disease in small areas with an application to biological terrorism. Am. J. Epidem., 159, 217-224.
    • (2004) Am. J. Epidem. , vol.159 , pp. 217-224
    • Kleinman, K.P.1    Lazarus, R.2    Platt, R.3
  • 96
    • 0034665770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bayesian modelling of inseparable space-time variation in disease risk
    • Knorr-Held, L. (2000) Bayesian modelling of inseparable space-time variation in disease risk. Statist. Med., 19, 2555-2567.
    • (2000) Statist. Med. , vol.19 , pp. 2555-2567
    • Knorr-Held, L.1
  • 97
    • 0002950234 scopus 로고
    • The detection of space-time interactions
    • Knox, E. G. (1964) The detection of space-time interactions. Appl. Statist., 13, 25-29.
    • (1964) Appl. Statist. , vol.13 , pp. 25-29
    • Knox, E.G.1
  • 98
    • 0028892168 scopus 로고
    • Disturbance detection and isolation by dynamic principal component analysis
    • Ku, W., Storer, R. and Georgakis, C. (1995) Disturbance detection and isolation by dynamic principal component analysis. Chemometr. Intell. Lab. Syst., 30, 179-196.
    • (1995) Chemometr. Intell. Lab. Syst. , vol.30 , pp. 179-196
    • Ku, W.1    Storer, R.2    Georgakis, C.3
  • 100
    • 0035649866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective time periodic geographical disease surveillance using a scan statistic
    • Kulldorff, M. (2001) Prospective time periodic geographical disease surveillance using a scan statistic. J. R. Statist. Soc. A, 164, 61-72.
    • (2001) J. R. Statist. Soc. A , vol.164 , pp. 61-72
    • Kulldorff, M.1
  • 101
    • 84855966599 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SaTScan version 8.2.1: software for the spatial, temporal, and space-time scan statistics. (Available from).
    • Kulldorff, M. (2010) SaTScan version 8.2.1: software for the spatial, temporal, and space-time scan statistics. (Available from).
    • (2010)
    • Kulldorff, M.1
  • 102
  • 105
    • 84889479712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial and spatio-temporal disease analysis
    • (eds A. B. Lawson and K. Kleinman). Chichester: Wiley
    • Lawson, A. B. (2005) Spatial and spatio-temporal disease analysis. In Spatial and Syndromic Surveillance for Public Health (eds A. B. Lawson and K. Kleinman), pp. 55-76. Chichester: Wiley.
    • (2005) Spatial and Syndromic Surveillance for Public Health , pp. 55-76
    • Lawson, A.B.1
  • 106
    • 8744307128 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developments in general and syndromic surveillance for small area health data
    • Lawson, A. B., Clark, A. and Rodeiro, C. L. V. (2003) Developments in general and syndromic surveillance for small area health data. J. Appl. Statist., 31, 951-966.
    • (2003) J. Appl. Statist. , vol.31 , pp. 951-966
    • Lawson, A.B.1    Clark, A.2    Rodeiro, C.L.V.3
  • 107
    • 46249123703 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Validity of electronic surveillance systems: a systematic review
    • Leal, J. and Laupland, K. B. (2008) Validity of electronic surveillance systems: a systematic review. J. Hosp. Infectn, 69, 220-229.
    • (2008) J. Hosp. Infectn , vol.69 , pp. 220-229
    • Leal, J.1    Laupland, K.B.2
  • 108
    • 0033619993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring epidemiologic surveillance data using hidden Markov models
    • Le Strat, Y. and Carrat, F. (1999) Monitoring epidemiologic surveillance data using hidden Markov models. Statist. Med., 18, 3463-3478.
    • (1999) Statist. Med. , vol.18 , pp. 3463-3478
    • Le Strat, Y.1    Carrat, F.2
  • 109
    • 52249124650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A statistical approach to reduce hospital-associated infections
    • Limaye, S. S., Mastrangelo, C. M., Zerr, D. M. and Jeffries, H. (2008) A statistical approach to reduce hospital-associated infections. Qual. Engng, 20, 414-425.
    • (2008) Qual. Engng , vol.20 , pp. 414-425
    • Limaye, S.S.1    Mastrangelo, C.M.2    Zerr, D.M.3    Jeffries, H.4
  • 110
    • 77955331694 scopus 로고
    • A multivariate exponentially weighted moving average control chart
    • Lowry, C. A., Woodall, W. H., Champ, C. W. and Rigdon, S. E. (1992) A multivariate exponentially weighted moving average control chart. Technometrics, 34, 46-53.
    • (1992) Technometrics , vol.34 , pp. 46-53
    • Lowry, C.A.1    Woodall, W.H.2    Champ, C.W.3    Rigdon, S.E.4
  • 111
    • 77649264193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prospective infectious disease outbreak detection using Markov switching models
    • Lu, H.-M., Zeng, D. and Chen, H. (2010) Prospective infectious disease outbreak detection using Markov switching models. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Engng, 22, 565-577.
    • (2010) IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Engng , vol.22 , pp. 565-577
    • Lu, H.-M.1    Zeng, D.2    Chen, H.3
  • 112
    • 0022060247 scopus 로고
    • Counted data CUSUM's
    • Lucas, J. M. (1985) Counted data CUSUM's. Technometrics, 27, 129-144.
    • (1985) Technometrics , vol.27 , pp. 129-144
    • Lucas, J.M.1
  • 113
    • 0033882891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fast initial response for CUSUM quality-control schemes: give your CUSUM a head start
    • Lucas, J. M. and Crosier, R. B. (2000) Fast initial response for CUSUM quality-control schemes: give your CUSUM a head start. Technometrics, 42, 102-107.
    • (2000) Technometrics , vol.42 , pp. 102-107
    • Lucas, J.M.1    Crosier, R.B.2
  • 114
    • 33947410667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bayesian data mining for health surveillance
    • (eds A. B. Lawson and K. P. Kleinman). Chichester: Wiley
    • Madigan, D. (2005) Bayesian data mining for health surveillance. In Spatial and Syndromic Surveillance for Public Health (eds A. B. Lawson and K. P. Kleinman), pp. 203-221. Chichester: Wiley.
    • (2005) Spatial and Syndromic Surveillance for Public Health , pp. 203-221
    • Madigan, D.1
  • 115
    • 84855933293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating the impact of influenza vaccinations and antigenic drift on influenza-related morbidity and mortality in England and Wales using hidden Markov models
    • London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London
    • Mann, A. E. (2009) Estimating the impact of influenza vaccinations and antigenic drift on influenza-related morbidity and mortality in England and Wales using hidden Markov models. PhD Thesis. London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London.
    • (2009) PhD Thesis
    • Mann, A.E.1
  • 116
    • 3042758729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical issues in the prospective monitoring of health outcomes across multiple units
    • Marshall, C., Best, N., Bottle, A. and Aylin, P. (2004) Statistical issues in the prospective monitoring of health outcomes across multiple units. J. R. Statist. Soc. A, 167, 541-559.
    • (2004) J. R. Statist. Soc. A , vol.167 , pp. 541-559
    • Marshall, C.1    Best, N.2    Bottle, A.3    Aylin, P.4
  • 117
    • 33947135834 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of the local Knox statistic for the prospective monitoring of disease occurrences in space and time
    • Marshall, J. B., Spitzner, D. J. and Woodall, W. H. (2007) Use of the local Knox statistic for the prospective monitoring of disease occurrences in space and time. Statist. Med., 26, 1579-1593.
    • (2007) Statist. Med. , vol.26 , pp. 1579-1593
    • Marshall, J.B.1    Spitzner, D.J.2    Woodall, W.H.3
  • 118
  • 122
  • 125
    • 31344455894 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal surveillance using scan statistics
    • Naus, J. and Wallenstein, S. (2006) Temporal surveillance using scan statistics. Statist. Med., 25, 311-324.
    • (2006) Statist. Med. , vol.25 , pp. 311-324
    • Naus, J.1    Wallenstein, S.2
  • 126
    • 67449167497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An empirical comparison of spatial scan statistics for outbreak detection
    • article
    • Neill, D. B. (2009) An empirical comparison of spatial scan statistics for outbreak detection. Int. J. Hlth Geographics, 8, article 20.
    • (2009) Int. J. Hlth Geographics , vol.8 , pp. 20
    • Neill, D.B.1
  • 127
    • 0035594924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multivariate cumulative sum control charts based on projection pursuit
    • Ngai, H.-M. and Zhang, J. (2001) Multivariate cumulative sum control charts based on projection pursuit. Statist. Sin., 11, 747-766.
    • (2001) Statist. Sin. , vol.11 , pp. 747-766
    • Ngai, H.-M.1    Zhang, J.2
  • 128
    • 0029967627 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of exponential smoothing for nosocomial infection surveillance
    • Ngo, L., Tager, I. B. and Hadley, D. (1996) Application of exponential smoothing for nosocomial infection surveillance. Am. J. Epidem., 143, 637-647.
    • (1996) Am. J. Epidem. , vol.143 , pp. 637-647
    • Ngo, L.1    Tager, I.B.2    Hadley, D.3
  • 129
    • 0028350533 scopus 로고
    • A monitoring system to detect changes in public health surveillance data
    • Nobre, F. F. and Stroup, D. F. (1994) A monitoring system to detect changes in public health surveillance data. J. Epidem., 23, 408-418.
    • (1994) J. Epidem. , vol.23 , pp. 408-418
    • Nobre, F.F.1    Stroup, D.F.2
  • 131
    • 0002916530 scopus 로고
    • Continuous inspection schemes
    • Page, E. S. (1954) Continuous inspection schemes. Biometrika, 41, 100-115.
    • (1954) Biometrika , vol.41 , pp. 100-115
    • Page, E.S.1
  • 132
    • 0024560163 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of surveillance data with Poisson regression: a case study
    • Parker, R. A. (1989) Analysis of surveillance data with Poisson regression: a case study. Statist. Med., 8, 285-294.
    • (1989) Statist. Med. , vol.8 , pp. 285-294
    • Parker, R.A.1
  • 133
    • 67650366829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multivariate modelling of infectious disease surveillance data
    • Paul, M., Held, L. and Toschke, A. M. (2008) Multivariate modelling of infectious disease surveillance data. Statist. Med., 27, 6250-6267.
    • (2008) Statist. Med. , vol.27 , pp. 6250-6267
    • Paul, M.1    Held, L.2    Toschke, A.M.3
  • 135
    • 0001332840 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of multivariate CUSUM charts
    • Pignatiello, J. J. and Runger, G. C. (1990) Comparison of multivariate CUSUM charts. J. Qual. Technol., 22, 173-186.
    • (1990) J. Qual. Technol. , vol.22 , pp. 173-186
    • Pignatiello, J.J.1    Runger, G.C.2
  • 136
    • 0035334515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A rank-based multivariate CUSUM procedure
    • Qiu, P. H. and Hawkins, D. (2001) A rank-based multivariate CUSUM procedure. Technometrics, 43, 120-132.
    • (2001) Technometrics , vol.43 , pp. 120-132
    • Qiu, P.H.1    Hawkins, D.2
  • 137
    • 0142105865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A nonparametric multivariate cumulative sum procedure for detecting shifts in all directions
    • Qiu, P. and Hawkins, D. (2003) A nonparametric multivariate cumulative sum procedure for detecting shifts in all directions. Statistician, 52, 151-164.
    • (2003) Statistician , vol.52 , pp. 151-164
    • Qiu, P.1    Hawkins, D.2
  • 138
    • 35248838924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Automated detection of influenza epidemics with hidden Markov models
    • (eds M. R. Berthold, H.-J. Lenz, E. Bradley, R. Kruse and C. Borgelt). Berlin: Springer
    • Rath, T. M., Carreras, M. and Sebastiani, P. (2003) Automated detection of influenza epidemics with hidden Markov models. In Advances in Intelligent Data Analysis V (eds M. R. Berthold, H.-J. Lenz, E. Bradley, R. Kruse and C. Borgelt), pp. 521-532. Berlin: Springer.
    • (2003) Advances in Intelligent Data Analysis V , pp. 521-532
    • Rath, T.M.1    Carreras, M.2    Sebastiani, P.3
  • 139
    • 0024515238 scopus 로고
    • An analysis of disease surveillance data that uses the geographical locations of the reporting units
    • Raubertas, R. F. (1989) An analysis of disease surveillance data that uses the geographical locations of the reporting units. Statist. Med., 8, 267-271.
    • (1989) Statist. Med. , vol.8 , pp. 267-271
    • Raubertas, R.F.1
  • 140
    • 2942729708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time series modeling for syndromic surveillance
    • article
    • Reis, B. Y. and Mandl, K. D. (2003) Time series modeling for syndromic surveillance. BMC Med. Informat. Decsn Makng, 3, article 2.
    • (2003) BMC Med. Informat. Decsn Makng , vol.3 , Issue.2
    • Reis, B.Y.1    Mandl, K.D.2
  • 141
    • 0034209901 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A general approach to modeling CUSUM charts for a proportion
    • Reynolds, M. R. and Stoumbos, Z. G. (2000) A general approach to modeling CUSUM charts for a proportion. IIE Trans., 32, 515-535.
    • (2000) IIE Trans. , vol.32 , pp. 515-535
    • Reynolds, M.R.1    Stoumbos, Z.G.2
  • 142
    • 84946637626 scopus 로고
    • Control chart tests based on geometric moving averages
    • Roberts, S. W. (1959) Control chart tests based on geometric moving averages. Technometrics, 1, 239-250.
    • (1959) Technometrics , vol.1 , pp. 239-250
    • Roberts, S.W.1
  • 143
    • 84924169426 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of some control chart procedures
    • Roberts, S. W. (1966) A comparison of some control chart procedures. Technometrics, 8, 411-430.
    • (1966) Technometrics , vol.8 , pp. 411-430
    • Roberts, S.W.1
  • 144
    • 33745442767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protecting the leaders: syndromic surveillance for the G8 summit in Scotland
    • Robertson, C. (2006) Protecting the leaders: syndromic surveillance for the G8 summit in Scotland. Significance, 3, 69-72.
    • (2006) Significance , vol.3 , pp. 69-72
    • Robertson, C.1
  • 145
    • 0030747079 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surveillance systems for monitoring the development of spatial patterns
    • Rogerson, P. A. (1997) Surveillance systems for monitoring the development of spatial patterns. Statist. Med., 26, 2081-2093.
    • (1997) Statist. Med. , vol.26 , pp. 2081-2093
    • Rogerson, P.A.1
  • 146
    • 0035648083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring point patterns for the development of space-time clusters
    • Rogerson, P. A. (2001) Monitoring point patterns for the development of space-time clusters. J. R. Statist. Soc. A, 164, 87-96.
    • (2001) J. R. Statist. Soc. A , vol.164 , pp. 87-96
    • Rogerson, P.A.1
  • 147
    • 3242749080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring change in spatial patterns of disease: comparing univariate and multivariate cumulative sum approaches
    • Rogerson, P. A. and Yamada, I. (2004a) Monitoring change in spatial patterns of disease: comparing univariate and multivariate cumulative sum approaches. Statist. Med., 23, 2195-2214.
    • (2004) Statist. Med. , vol.23 , pp. 2195-2214
    • Rogerson, P.A.1    Yamada, I.2
  • 148
    • 13844255667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Approaches to syndromic surveillance when data consist of small regional counts
    • Rogerson, P. A. and Yamada, I. (2004b) Approaches to syndromic surveillance when data consist of small regional counts. Morb. Mort. Wkly Rep., suppl., 53, 79-85.
    • (2004) Morb. Mort. Wkly Rep., suppl. , vol.53 , pp. 79-85
    • Rogerson, P.A.1    Yamada, I.2
  • 149
    • 79851497263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preface
    • Rolka, H. R. (2011) Preface. Statist. Med., 30, 401-402.
    • (2011) Statist. Med. , vol.30 , pp. 401-402
    • Rolka, H.R.1
  • 150
    • 0033618867 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An approximate CUSUM procedure for surveillance of health events
    • Rossi, G., Lampugnani, L. and Marchi, M. (1999) An approximate CUSUM procedure for surveillance of health events. Statist. Med., 18, 2111-2122.
    • (1999) Statist. Med. , vol.18 , pp. 2111-2122
    • Rossi, G.1    Lampugnani, L.2    Marchi, M.3
  • 151
    • 84855967911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multivariate outbreak detection
    • to be published
    • Schiöler, L. and Frisén, M. (2011) Multivariate outbreak detection. J. Appl. Statist., to be published.
    • (2011) J. Appl. Statist.
    • Schiöler, L.1    Frisén, M.2
  • 153
    • 40849120727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of surveillance methods for small incidence rates
    • Sego, L. H., Woodall, W. H. and Reynolds, M. R. (2008) A comparison of surveillance methods for small incidence rates. Statist. Med., 27, 1225-1247.
    • (2008) Statist. Med. , vol.27 , pp. 1225-1247
    • Sego, L.H.1    Woodall, W.H.2    Reynolds, M.R.3
  • 154
    • 0001138054 scopus 로고
    • Methods for current statistical analysis of excess pneumonia-influenza deaths
    • Serfling, R. (1963) Methods for current statistical analysis of excess pneumonia-influenza deaths. Publ. Hlth Rep., 78, 494-506.
    • (1963) Publ. Hlth Rep. , vol.78 , pp. 494-506
    • Serfling, R.1
  • 156
    • 0039800509 scopus 로고
    • On the detection of disorder in a manufacturing process
    • Shiryaev, A. N. (1963) On the detection of disorder in a manufacturing process. Theor. Probab. Applic., 8, 247-265.
    • (1963) Theor. Probab. Applic. , vol.8 , pp. 247-265
    • Shiryaev, A.N.1
  • 157
    • 77949416962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Wavelet-based monitoring for modern biosurveillance
    • Robert H. Smith School of Business, University of Maryland, College Park. (Available from)
    • Shmueli, G. (2005) Wavelet-based monitoring for modern biosurveillance. Working Paper RHS-06-002. Robert H. Smith School of Business, University of Maryland, College Park. (Available from).
    • (2005) Working Paper RHS-06-002
    • Shmueli, G.1
  • 158
    • 77949420270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical challenges facing early outbreak detection in biosurveillance
    • Shmueli, G. and Burkom, H. (2010) Statistical challenges facing early outbreak detection in biosurveillance. Technometrics, 52, 39-51.
    • (2010) Technometrics , vol.52 , pp. 39-51
    • Shmueli, G.1    Burkom, H.2
  • 159
    • 0024512989 scopus 로고
    • A surveillance system based on a short memory scheme
    • Shore, D. L. and Quade, D. (1989) A surveillance system based on a short memory scheme. Statist. Med., 8, 311-322.
    • (1989) Statist. Med. , vol.8 , pp. 311-322
    • Shore, D.L.1    Quade, D.2
  • 160
    • 0242574691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluations of some exponentially weighted moving average methods
    • Sonesson, C. (2003) Evaluations of some exponentially weighted moving average methods. J. Appl. Statist., 30, 1115-1133.
    • (2003) J. Appl. Statist. , vol.30 , pp. 1115-1133
    • Sonesson, C.1
  • 161
    • 35648938014 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A CUSUM framework for detection of space-time disease clusters using scan statistics
    • Sonesson, C. (2007) A CUSUM framework for detection of space-time disease clusters using scan statistics. Statist. Med., 26, 4770-4789.
    • (2007) Statist. Med. , vol.26 , pp. 4770-4789
    • Sonesson, C.1
  • 162
    • 28044438482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A review and discussion of prospective statistical surveillance in public health
    • Sonesson, C. and Bock, D. (2003) A review and discussion of prospective statistical surveillance in public health. J. R. Statist. Soc. A, 166, 5-21.
    • (2003) J. R. Statist. Soc. A , vol.166 , pp. 5-21
    • Sonesson, C.1    Bock, D.2
  • 163
    • 84889374685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multivariate surveillance
    • (eds A. B. Lawson and K. Kleinman). Chichester: Wiley
    • Sonesson, C. and Frisén, M. (2005) Multivariate surveillance. In Spatial Surveillance for Public Health (eds A. B. Lawson and K. Kleinman), pp. 169-186. Chichester: Wiley.
    • (2005) Spatial Surveillance for Public Health , pp. 169-186
    • Sonesson, C.1    Frisén, M.2
  • 164
    • 70449527460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhancing road safety through early detection of outbreaks in the frequency of motor vehicle crashes
    • Sparks, R. (2010) Enhancing road safety through early detection of outbreaks in the frequency of motor vehicle crashes. Safty Sci., 48, 135-144.
    • (2010) Safty Sci. , vol.48 , pp. 135-144
    • Sparks, R.1
  • 165
    • 0033065916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Automated outbreak detection: a quantitative retrospective analysis
    • Stern, L. and Lightfoot, D. (1999) Automated outbreak detection: a quantitative retrospective analysis. Epidem. Infectn, 122, 103-110.
    • (1999) Epidem. Infectn , vol.122 , pp. 103-110
    • Stern, L.1    Lightfoot, D.2
  • 166
    • 0000234070 scopus 로고
    • Discrete analogues of self-decomposability and stability
    • Steutel, F. W. and van Harn, K. (1979) Discrete analogues of self-decomposability and stability. Ann. Probab., 7, 893-899.
    • (1979) Ann. Probab. , vol.7 , pp. 893-899
    • Steutel, F.W.1    van Harn, K.2
  • 167
    • 0023798389 scopus 로고
    • Application of multiple time series analysis to the estimation of pneumonia and influenza mortality by age 1962-1983
    • Stroup, D. F., Thacker, S. B. and Herndon, J. L. (1988) Application of multiple time series analysis to the estimation of pneumonia and influenza mortality by age 1962-1983. Statist. Med., 7, 1045-1059.
    • (1988) Statist. Med. , vol.7 , pp. 1045-1059
    • Stroup, D.F.1    Thacker, S.B.2    Herndon, J.L.3
  • 168
    • 0027416649 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of a method for detecting aberrations in public health surveillance data
    • Stroup, D., Wharton, M., Kafadar, K. and Dean, A. (1993) Evaluation of a method for detecting aberrations in public health surveillance data. Am. J. Epidem., 137, 373-380.
    • (1993) Am. J. Epidem. , vol.137 , pp. 373-380
    • Stroup, D.1    Wharton, M.2    Kafadar, K.3    Dean, A.4
  • 169
    • 0024522612 scopus 로고
    • Detection of aberrations in the occurrence of notifiable diseases surveillance data
    • Stroup, D. F., Williamson, G. D., Herndon, J. L. and Karon, J. M. (1989) Detection of aberrations in the occurrence of notifiable diseases surveillance data. Statist. Med., 8, 323-329.
    • (1989) Statist. Med. , vol.8 , pp. 323-329
    • Stroup, D.F.1    Williamson, G.D.2    Herndon, J.L.3    Karon, J.M.4
  • 170
    • 44049085523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A flexibly shaped space-time scan statistic for disease outbreak detection and monitoring
    • article
    • Takahashi, K., Kulldorff, M., Tango, T. and Yih, K. (2008) A flexibly shaped space-time scan statistic for disease outbreak detection and monitoring. Int. J. Hlth Geog., 7, article 14.
    • (2008) Int. J. Hlth Geog. , vol.7 , pp. 14
    • Takahashi, K.1    Kulldorff, M.2    Tango, T.3    Yih, K.4
  • 171
    • 0028789271 scopus 로고
    • A class of tests for detecting general and focussed clustering of rare diseases
    • Tango, T. (1995) A class of tests for detecting general and focussed clustering of rare diseases. Statist. Med., 14, 2323-2334.
    • (1995) Statist. Med. , vol.14 , pp. 2323-2334
    • Tango, T.1
  • 172
    • 24144490300 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A flexibly shaped spatial scan statistic for detecting clusters
    • article
    • Tango, T. and Takahashi, K. (2005) A flexibly shaped spatial scan statistic for detecting clusters. Int. J. Hlth Geog., 4, article 11.
    • (2005) Int. J. Hlth Geog. , vol.4 , pp. 11
    • Tango, T.1    Takahashi, K.2
  • 173
    • 0023884701 scopus 로고
    • A method for evaluating systems of epidemiological surveillance
    • Thacker, S. B., Parrish, R. G. and Trowbridge, F. L. (1988) A method for evaluating systems of epidemiological surveillance. Wrld Hlth Statist. Q., 41, 11-18.
    • (1988) Wrld Hlth Statist. Q. , vol.41 , pp. 11-18
    • Thacker, S.B.1    Parrish, R.G.2    Trowbridge, F.L.3
  • 174
    • 0020036912 scopus 로고
    • Influenza surveillance in England and Wales using routine statistics
    • Tillett, H. E. and Spencer, I.-L. (1982) Influenza surveillance in England and Wales using routine statistics. J. Hyg. Camb., 88, 83-94.
    • (1982) J. Hyg. Camb. , vol.88 , pp. 83-94
    • Tillett, H.E.1    Spencer, I.-L.2
  • 175
    • 33745647325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring changes in spatio-temporal maps of disease
    • Vidal Rodeiro, C. L. and Lawson, A. B. (2006) Monitoring changes in spatio-temporal maps of disease. Biometr. J., 3, 463-480.
    • (2006) Biometr. J. , vol.3 , pp. 463-480
    • Vidal Rodeiro, C.L.1    Lawson, A.B.2
  • 176
    • 84855967912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extending Scottish exception reporting systems spatially and temporally
    • University of Strathclyde, Glasgow
    • Wagner, A. (2010) Extending Scottish exception reporting systems spatially and temporally. PhD Thesis. University of Strathclyde, Glasgow.
    • (2010) PhD Thesis
    • Wagner, A.1
  • 177
    • 0018875774 scopus 로고
    • A test for detection of clustering in time
    • Wallenstein, S. (1980) A test for detection of clustering in time. Am. J. Epidem., 111, 367-372.
    • (1980) Am. J. Epidem. , vol.111 , pp. 367-372
    • Wallenstein, S.1
  • 178
    • 0024350072 scopus 로고
    • Use of the scan statistic to detect time-space clustering
    • Wallenstein, S., Gould, M. and Kleinman, M. (1989) Use of the scan statistic to detect time-space clustering. Am. J. Epidem., 130, 1057-1064.
    • (1989) Am. J. Epidem. , vol.130 , pp. 1057-1064
    • Wallenstein, S.1    Gould, M.2    Kleinman, M.3
  • 179
    • 13844271357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scan statistics for temporal surveillance for biologic terrorism
    • Wallenstein, S. and Naus, J. (2004) Scan statistics for temporal surveillance for biologic terrorism. Morb. Mort. Wkly Rep., suppl., 53, 74-78.
    • (2004) Morb. Mort. Wkly Rep., suppl. , vol.53 , pp. 74-78
    • Wallenstein, S.1    Naus, J.2
  • 180
    • 0025895426 scopus 로고
    • A time series construction of an alert threshold with application to S. bovismorbificans in France
    • Watier, L., Richardson, S. and Hubert, B. (1991) A time series construction of an alert threshold with application to S. bovismorbificans in France. Statist. Med., 10, 1493-1509.
    • (1991) Statist. Med. , vol.10 , pp. 1493-1509
    • Watier, L.1    Richardson, S.2    Hubert, B.3
  • 185
  • 186
    • 0033573264 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A monitoring system for detecting aberrations in public health surveillance reports
    • Williamson, G. and Weatherby Hudson, G. (1999) A monitoring system for detecting aberrations in public health surveillance reports. Statist. Med., 18, 3283-3298.
    • (1999) Statist. Med. , vol.18 , pp. 3283-3298
    • Williamson, G.1    Weatherby Hudson, G.2
  • 187
    • 0000082693 scopus 로고
    • Forecasting sales by exponentially weighted moving averages
    • Winters, P. R. (1960) Forecasting sales by exponentially weighted moving averages. Mangmnt Sci., 6, 324-342.
    • (1960) Mangmnt Sci. , vol.6 , pp. 324-342
    • Winters, P.R.1
  • 188
    • 33645762514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of control charts in health care and public health surveillance (with discussion)
    • Woodall, W. H. (2006) Use of control charts in health care and public health surveillance (with discussion). J. Qual. Technol., 38, 88-103.
    • (2006) J. Qual. Technol. , vol.38 , pp. 88-103
    • Woodall, W.H.1
  • 190
    • 67349137721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GeoSurveillance: a GIS-based system for the detection and monitoring of spatial clusters
    • Yamada, I., Rogerson, P. and Lee, G. (2009) GeoSurveillance: a GIS-based system for the detection and monitoring of spatial clusters. J. Geog. Syst., 11, 155-173.
    • (2009) J. Geog. Syst. , vol.11 , pp. 155-173
    • Yamada, I.1    Rogerson, P.2    Lee, G.3
  • 191
    • 62849122814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial scan statistics in loglinear models
    • Zhang, T. and Lin, G. (2009) Spatial scan statistics in loglinear models. Computnl Statist. Data Anal., 53, 2851-2858.
    • (2009) Computnl Statist. Data Anal. , vol.53 , pp. 2851-2858
    • Zhang, T.1    Lin, G.2
  • 193
    • 60849095561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EWMA smoothing and Bayesian spatials modeling for health surveillance
    • Zhou, H. and Lawson, A. B. (2008) EWMA smoothing and Bayesian spatials modeling for health surveillance. Statist. Med., 27, 5907-5928.
    • (2008) Statist. Med. , vol.27 , pp. 5907-5928
    • Zhou, H.1    Lawson, A.B.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.