Status of large carnivores and their prey in tropical rainforests of South-Western Ghats, India

Tropical Ecology

Volumn 53, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 137-148

  Ramesh, Tharmalingam ^a   Sridharan, Natarajan ^a   Sankar, Kalyanasundaram ^a   Qureshi, Qamar ^a   Selvan, Kanagaraj Muthamizh ^a   Gokulakkannan, Neduncheran ^a   Francis, Pichaiyan ^a   Narasimmarajan, Kannadasan ^a   Jhala, Yadvendradev V ^a   Gopal, Rajesh ^b  

^a WILDLIFE INSTITUTE OF INDIA   (India)

^b National Tiger Conservation Authority   (India)

Author keywords

Automated camera; Large carnivores; Line transect; Prey; Rainforest; Sign survey; Western ghats

Indexed keywords

AUTOMATION; BAYESIAN ANALYSIS; BIOMASS; CANID; CARNIVORE; FELID; LINE TRANSECT; MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD ANALYSIS; PHOTOGRAPHY; POPULATION DENSITY; PREDATOR-PREY INTERACTION; RAINFOREST; SAMPLING; TROPICAL FOREST; UNGULATE;

INDIA; KALAKAD-MUNDANTHURAI TIGER RESERVE; TAMIL NADU; WESTERN GHATS;

CUON ALPINUS; FELIDAE; PANTHERA; PANTHERA PARDUS; PANTHERA TIGRIS; UNGULATA;

EID: 84855898181     PISSN: 05643295     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Acharya, B. B. 2007. The Ecology of the Dhole or Asiatic Wild Dog (Cuonalpinus) in Pench Tiger Reserve, Madhya Pradesh. Ph.D. Thesis. Saurashtra University, Rajkot.
2. Bailey, T. N. 1993. The African Leopard: Ecology and Behavior of a Solitary Felid. Columbia University Press, New York.
3. Buckland, S. T., D. A. Elston & S. J. Beaney. 1996. Predicting distributional change, with application to bird distributions in northeast Scotland. Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters 5: 66-84.
4. Buckland, S. T., D. R. Anderson, K. P. Burnham, J. L. Laake, D. L. Borchers & L. Thomas. 2001. Introduction to Distance Sampling: Estimating Abundance of Biological Populations. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
5. Burnham, K. P., D. R. Anderson & J. L. Laake. 1980. Estimation of density from line transect sampling of biological populations. Wildlife Monographs 72: 1-202.
6. Carbone, C. & J. L. Gittleman. 2002. A common rule for the scaling of carnivore density. Science 295: 2273-2276.
7. Caughley, G. & A. R. E. Sinclair. 1994. Counting animals. pp. 334. In: G. Caughley & A. R. E. Sinclair (eds.) Wildlife Ecology and Management. Blackwell Science, Cambridge.
8. Champion, H. G. & S. K. Seth. 1968. A Revised Survey of the Forest Types of India. Oxford & IBH Publishers, New Delhi.
9. Chauhan, D. S., R. Singh, S. Mishra, T. Dadda & S. P. Goyal. 2006. Estimation of Tiger Population in an Intensive Study Area of Pakke Tiger Reserve, Arunachal Pradesh, India. Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, India.
10. Datta, A., M. O. Anand & R. Naniwadekar. 2008. Empty forests: large carnivore and prey abundance in Namdapha National Park, north-east India. Biological Conservation 141: 1429-1435.
11. Efford, M. G. 2009. DENSITY 4.4: software for spatially explicit capture-recapture. Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand. http://www.otago.ac.nz/density. Accessed 10 Oct 2010.
12. Efford, M. G., D. K. Dawson & C. S. Robbins. 2004. DENSITY: software for analysing capture-recapture data from passive detector arrays. Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 27: 217-228.
13. Eisenberg, J. F. & J. Seidensticker. 1976. Ungulates in southern Asia: a consideration of biomass estimates for selected habitats. Biodiversity and Conservation 10: 293-308.
14. Ganesh, T., R. Ganesan, M. Soubadra Devy, P. Davidar & K. S. Bawa. 1996. Assessment of plant biodiversity at a mid-elevational evergreen forest of Kalakad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve, Western Ghats, India. Current Science 71: 379-392.
15. Griffiths, M. 1994. Population density of Sumatran tigers in Gunung Leuser National Park. pp. 93-102. In: R. L. Tilson, Komar Soemarna, Widodo Ramono, Sukianto Lusli, K. Traylor-Holzer & U. S. Seal (eds.) Sumatran Tiger Report: Population and Habitat Viability Analysis. Apple Valley, Minnesota, Indonesian Directorate of Forest Protection and Nature Conservation and IUCN/SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group. Available at http://www.5tigers.org/Indonesia/PHVA/intrphva.htm.
16. Jenny, D. 2009. Spatial organization of leopards Pantherapardus in Tai National Park, Ivory Coast: is rainforest habitat a 'tropical haven'? Journal of Zoology 240: 427-440.
17. Jhala, Y. V., Q. Qureshi & R. Gopal. 2008. Status of Tigers, Co-predators and Prey in India. National Tiger Conservation Authority, Govt. of India, New Delhi, and Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun.
18. Johnsingh, A. J. T. 1983. Large mammalian prey-predators in Bandipur. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society 80: 1-57.
19. Johnsingh, A. J. T. 1992. Prey selection in three large sympatric carnivores in Bandipur. Mammalia 56: 517-526.
20. Johnsingh, A. J. T. 2001. The Kalakad-Mundanthurai Tiger Reserve: A global heritage of biological diversity. Current Science 80: 378-388.
21. Kalle, R., T. Ramesh, Q. Qureshi & K. Sankar. 2011. Density of tiger and leopard in a tropical deciduous forest of Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, southern India, as estimated using photographic capture-recapture sampling. Acta Theriologica (In press).
22. Karanth, K. U. 1995. Estimating tiger (Panthera tigris) populations from camera-trapping data using capturerecapture models. Biological Conservation 71: 333-338.
23. Karanth, K. U. & M. E. Sunquist. 1995. Prey selection by tiger, leopard and dhole in tropical forests. Journal of Animal Ecology 64: 439-450.
24. Karanth, K. U. & J. D. Nichols. 1998. Estimation of tiger densities in India using photographic captures and recaptures. Ecology 79: 2852-2862.
25. Karanth, K. U. & M. E. Sunquist. 2000. Behavioural correlates of predation by tiger (Panthera tigris), leopard (Panthera pardus) and dhole (Cuon al pinus) in Nagarahole, India. Journal of Zoology 250: 255-265.
26. Karanth, K. U. & J. D. Nichols. 2002. Monitoring Tigers and their Prey. Centre for Wildlife Studies, Bangalore, India.
27. Karanth, K. U., J. D. Nichols & N. S. Kumar. 2004. Photographic sampling of elusive mammals in tropical forests. pp. 229-247. In: W. L. Thompson (ed.) Sampling Rare or Elusive Species: Concepts, Designs, and Techniques for Estimating Population Parameters. Island Press, Washington.
28. Karanth, K. K., J. D. Nichols, K. U. Karanth, J. E. Hines & N. L. Christensen. 2010. The shrinking ark: pattern of large mammal extinction in India. Proceedings of the Royal Society, Biological Sciences 277: 1971-1979.
29. Kawanishi, K. 2002. Population Status of Tigers (Panthera pardus) in a Primary Rainforest of Peninsular Malaysia. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Florida.
30. Kawanishi, K. & M. E. Sunquist. 2004. Conservation status of tigers in a primary rainforest of Peninsular Malaysia. Biological Conservation 120: 329-344.
31. Lancia, R. A., J. D. Nichols & K. N. Pollock. 1994. Estimation of number of animals in wildlife populations. pp. 215-253. In: T. A. Bookhout (ed.) Research and Management Techniques for Wildlife and Habitats. Bethesda, The Wildlife Society, Maryland.
32. Leuthold, W. 1977. African Ungulates. Springer Verlag, Berlin.
33. Myers, N., R. A. Mittermeier, C. G. Mittermeier, G. A. B. Da Fonseca & J. Kent. 2000. Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 403: 853-858.
34. O'brien, T. G., M. F. Kinnaird & H. T. Wibisono. 2003. Crouching tigers, hidden prey: Sumatran tiger and prey populations in a tropical forest landscape. Animal Conservation 6: 131-139.
35. Otis, D. L., K. P. Burnham, G. C. White & D. R. Anderson. 1978. Statistical inference from capture data of closed populations. Wildlife Monographs 2: 1-13.
36. Prater, S. H. 1980. The Book of Indian Animals. Bombay Natural History Society, Bombay, India.
37. Ramachandran, K. & G. K. Joseph. 2001. Feeding ecology of nilgiri langur (Trachypithecusjohini) in Silent Valley National Park, Kerala, India. The Indian Forester 127: 1155.
38. Ramakrishnan, U., R. G. Coss & N. W. Pelkey. 1999. Tiger decline caused by the reduction of large ungulate prey: evidence from a study of leopard diets in southern India. Biological Conservation 89: 113-120.
39. Ramesh, B. R., S. Menon & K. S. Bawa. 1997. A vegetation based approach to biodiversity gap analysis in the Agastyamalai Region, Western Ghats, India. Ambio 26: 529-536.
40. Ramesh, T., V. Snehalatha, K. Sankar & Q. Qureshi. 2009. Food habits and prey selection of tiger and leopard in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu, India. Journal of Scientific Transactions in Environment and Technovation 2: 170-181.
41. Ramesh, T., K. Riddhika, K. Sankar & Q. Qureshi. 2010. Large predators and prey population in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, Western Ghats. pp. 54. In: R. V.Varma, P. Nayar, C. K. Peethambaran, G. M. Nair, T. Radhakrishnan, A. S. K. Nair & S. Rajasekaran (eds.) First Indian Biodiversity Congress. Centre for Innovation in Science and Social Action, India.
42. Ramesh, T. 2010. Prey Selection and Food Habits of Large Carnivores: Tiger Panthera tigris, Leopard Panthera pardus and dhole Cuon alpinus in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, Tamil Nadu. Ph.D. Thesis, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, Gujarat.
43. Ramesh, T., K. Sankar & Q. Qureshi. 2010. Additional notes on the diet of sloth bear Melursus ursinus in Mudumalai Tiger Reserve as shown by scat analysis. Journal of Bombay Natural History Society 106: 204-206.
44. Richard, T. Corlett. 2007. What's so special about Asian tropical forests? Current Science 93: 1551-1557.
45. Rexstad, E. A. & K. P. Burnham. 1991. User's guide for interactive program CAPTURE: abundance estimation of closed animal populations. Colorado Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado.
46. Royle, J. A. & R. M. Dorazio. 2008. Hierarchical Modeling and Inference in Ecology: The Analysis of Data from Populations, Metapopulations and Communities. Academic Press, Bullington, MA, USA.
47. Royle, J. A., K. U. Karanth, A. M. Gopalaswamy & N. S. Kumar. 2009. Bayesian inference in camera trapping studies for a class of spatial capture-recapture models. Ecology 90: 3233-3244.
48. Sankar, K. & B. Acharya. 2004. Ungulates of India. Envis Bulletin 7: 163-180.
49. Sankaran, M. 2001. Disturbance, Diversity and Community Dynamics in a Southern Indian Savanna-grassland Ecosystem. Ph.D. Thesis. Syracuse University, Syracuse.
50. Sathyakumar, S. 1992. Food habits of leopard Panthera pardus on Mundanthurai Plateau, Tamil Nadu India. Tiger Paper 19: 8-9.
51. Saundars, C. M. 2009. Factors Influencing Conservation Success or Failure in Tiger Range States. Degree of Bachelor of Arts Thesis submitted to Waterville, ME.
52. Seidensticker, J. 1976. On the ecological separation between tigers and leopards. Biotropica 8: 225-234.
53. Singh, P., A. M. Gopalaswamy, A. J. Royle, N. S. Kumar & K. U. Karanth. 2010. SPACECAP: A Program to Estimate Animal Abundance and Density using Bayesian Spatially-Explicit Capture-Recapture Models. Wildlife Conservation Society, India Program, Centre for Wildlife Studies, Bangalore, India. Version 1.0
54. Stander, P. E., P. J. Haden, H. Kaqece & H. Ghan. 2009. The ecology of asociality in Namibian leopards. Journal of Zoology 242: 343-364.
55. Stanley, T. R. & K. P. Burnham. 1999. A closure test for time-specific capture-recapture data. Environmental and Ecological Statistics 6: 197-209.
56. Sunquist, M. E. 1981. The social organization of tigers (Panthera tigris) in Royal Chitwan National Park. Smithsonian Contribution to Zoology 336: 1-98.
57. Thomas, L., J. L. Laake, E. Rexstad, S. Strindberg, F. F. C. Marques, S. T. Buckland, D. L. Borchers, D. R. Anderson, K. P. Burnham, M. L. Burt, S. L. Hedley, J. H. Pollard, J. R. B. Bishop & T. A. Marques. 2009. Distance 6.0. Research Unit for Wildlife Population Assessment. University of St. Andrews, UK. http://www.ruwpa.st-and.ac.uk/distance.
58. Wikramanayake, E. D., E. Dinerstein, J. G. Robinson, U. Karanth, A. Rabinowitz, D. Olson, T. Mathew, P. Hedao, M. Conner, G. Hemley & D. Bolze. 1998. An ecology-based method for defining priorities for large mammal conservation: The tiger as case study. Conservation Biology 12: 865-887.
59. Wilson, G. J. & R. J. Delahay. 2001. A review of methods to estimate the abundance of terrestrial carnivores using field signs and observation. Wildlife Research 28: 151-164.