The role of Mycobacterium leprae phenolic glycolipid I (PGL-I) in serodiagnosis and in the pathogenesis of leprosy

Leprosy Review

Volumn 82, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 344-357

  Spencer, John S ^a   Brennan, Patrick J ^a  

^a Veterinary Dentistry and Oral Surgery   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BOVINE SERUM ALBUMIN; GLYCOCONJUGATE; HUMAN SERUM ALBUMIN; IMMUNOGLOBULIN M ANTIBODY; LAMININ; LIPOOLIGOSACCHARIDE; PHENOLIC GLYCOLIPID I; PYROXYLIN; TRISACCHARIDE;

ACID HYDROLYSIS; AGGLUTINATION TEST; ANTIBODY TITER; ANTIGEN DETECTION; ANTIGEN RECOGNITION; ARTICLE; ATYPICAL MYCOBACTERIOSIS; CELL ACTIVATION; CELL MATURATION; CHEMICAL STRUCTURE; COLUMN CHROMATOGRAPHY; DENDRITIC CELL; DIAGNOSTIC TEST; DIPSTICK TEST; DRUG THERAPY; ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY; GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; HUMAN; HYDROLYSIS; INFLAMMATION; LEPROMATOUS LEPROSY; LEPROSY; LIPOPHILICITY; LIVER; MULTIDRUG THERAPY; MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM; MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS; MYCOBACTERIUM KANSASII; MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE; MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS; PATHOGENESIS; PROTEIN BINDING; PROTEIN LIPID INTERACTION; SCHWANN CELL; SERODIAGNOSIS; SKIN BIOPSY;

ANIMALS; ANTIBODIES, BACTERIAL; ANTIGENS, BACTERIAL; GLYCOLIPIDS; HUMANS; LEPROSY; MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE; SEROLOGIC TESTS;

EID: 84855885767     PISSN: 03057518     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (75)

1. Kirchheimer WF, Storrs EE. Attempts to establish the armadillo (Dasypus novemcinctus Linn.) as a model for the study of leprosy. I. Report of lepromatoid leprosy in an experimentally infected armadillo. Int J Lepr, 1971; 39: 693-702.
2. Brennan PJ, Barrow WW. Evidence for species-specific lipid antigens in Mycobacterium leprae. Int J Lepr, 1980; 48: 382-387.
3. Hunter SW, Brennan PJ. A novel phenolic glycolipid from Mycobacterium leprae possibly involved in immunogenicity and pathogenicity. J Bacteriol, 1981; 147: 728-735.
4. Payne SN, Draper P, Rees RJW. Serological activity of purified glycolipid from Mycobacterium leprae. Int J Lepr, 1982; 50: 220-221.
5. Cho S-N, Yanagihara DL, Hunter SW et al. Serological specificity of phenolic glycolipid I from Mycobacterium leprae and use in serodiagnosis of leprosy. Infect Immun, 1983; 41: 1077-1083.
6. Young DB, Buchanan TM. A serological test for leprosy with a glycolipid specific for Mycobacterium leprae. Science, 1983; 221: 1057-1059.
7. Aspinall GO, Chatterjee D, Brennan PJ. The variable surface glycolipids of mycobacteria: Structures, synthesis of epitopes, and biological properties. In: Horton D (ed). Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biochemistry. Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1995; pp. 169-242.
8. Brennan PJ, Goren MB. Structural studies on the type-specific antigens and lipids of the Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare-Mycobacterium scrofulaceum serocomplex. J Biol Chem, 1979; 254: 4205-4211.
9. Brennan PJ, Aspinall GO, Nam Shin JE. Structure of the specific oligosaccharides from the glycopeptidolipid antigens of serovars in the Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare-Mycobacterium scrofulaceum serocomplex. J Biol Chem, 1981; 256: 6817-6822.
10. Hunter SW, Murphy RC, Clay K et al. Trehalose-containing lipooligosaccharides. J Biol Chem, 1983; 258: 10481-10487.
11. Chatterjee D, Bozic CM, Knisley C et al. Phenolic glycolipids of Mycobacterium bovis: new structures and synthesis of a corresponding seroreactive neoglycoprotein. Infect Immun, 1989; 57: 322-330.
12. Daffé M, Lacave C, Laneelle M-A, Laneelle G. Structure of the major triglycosyl phenol-phthiocerol of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (strain Canetti). Eur J Biochem, 1987; 167: 144-160.
13. Daffé M, Cho S-N, Chatterjee D, Brennan PJ. Chemical synthesis and seroreactivity of a neoantigen containing the oligosaccharide hapten of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific phenolic glycolipid. J Inf Dis, 1991; 163: 161-168.
14. Fournie J-J, Riviere M, Puzo G. Structural elucidation of the major phenolic glycolipid from Mycobacterium kansasii. I. Evidence for tetrasaccharide structure of the oligosaccharide moiety. J Biol Chem, 1987; 262: 3174-3179.
15. Caldwell HD, Kirchheimer WF, Buchanan TM. Identification of a Mycobacterium leprae specific protein antigen(s) and its possible application for the serodiagnosis of leprosy. Int J Lepr, 1979; 47: 477-483.
16. Draper P. Protocol 1/79: Purification of M. leprae. Annex 1 to the Report of the Enlarged Steering Committee for Research on the Immunology of Leprosy (IMMLEP) Meeting of 7-8 February. World Health Organization, Geneva, 1979; p. 4.
17. Crowle AJ. Immunodiffusion. 2nd edn., Academic Press, New York, 1973; pp. 247-303.
18. Hunter SW, Stewart C, Brennan PJ. Purification of phenolic glycolipid from armadillo and human sources. Int J Lepr, 1985; 53: 484-486.
19. Young DB. Detection of mycobacterial lipids in skin biopsies from leprosy patients. Int J Lepr, 1981; 49: 198-204.
20. Dische Z, Shettles LB. A specific color reaction of methylpentoses and a spectrophotometric micromethod for their determination. J Biol Chem, 1948; 175: 595-603.
21. Vemuri N, Khandke L, Mahadevan PR et al. Isolation of phenolic glycolipid I from human lepromatous nodules. Int J Lepr, 1985; 53: 487-489.
22. Izumi S, Sugiyama K, Fujiwara T, et al. Isolation of the Mycobacterium leprae-specific glycolipid antigen, phenolic glycolipid-I, from formalin-fixed human lepromatous liver. J Clin Microbiol, 1985; 22: 680-682.
23. Gaylord H, Brennan PJ. Leprosy and the leprosy bacillus: recent developments in characterization of antigens and the immunology of the disease. Ann Rev Microbiol, 1987; 41: 645-675.
24. Hunter SW, Fujiwara T, Brennan PJ. Structure and antigenicity of the major specific glycolipid antigen of Mycobacterium leprae. J Biol Chem, 1982; 257: 15072-15078.
25. Hunter SW, Brennan PJ. Further specific extracellular phenolic glycolipid antigens and a related diacylphthiocerol from Mycobacterium leprae. J Biol Chem, 1983; 258: 7556-7562.
26. Fujiwara T, Hunter SW, Cho S-N et al. Chemical synthesis and serology of disaccharides and trisaccharides of phenolic glycolipid antigens from the leprosy bacillus and preparation of a disaccharide protein conjugate for serodiagnosis of leprosy. Infect Immun, 1984; 43: 245-252.
27. Fujiwara T, Aspinall GO, Hunter SW, Brennan PJ. Chemical synthesis of the trisaccharide unit of the speciesspecific phenolic glycolipid from Mycobacterium leprae. Carbohydrate Res, 1987; 163: 41-52.
28. Gigg R, Payne S, Conant R. The allyl group for protection in carbohydrate-chemistry. 14. Synthesis of 2,3-di-Omethyl-4-O-(3,6,-di-O-methyl-b-D-glycopyranosyl)-L-rhamnopyranose (and its a-propyl glycoside)-a haptenic portion of the major glycolipid from Mycobacterium leprae. J Carbohydr Chem, 1983; 2: 207-223.
29. Fujiwara T, Hunter SW, Brennan PJ. Chemical synthesis of disaccharides of the specific phenolic glycolipid antigens from Mycobacterium leprae and of related sugars. Carbohydr Res, 1986; 148: 287-298.
30. Young DB, Khanolkar SR, Barg LL, Buchanan TM. Generation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to the phenolic glycolipid of Mycobacterium leprae. Infect Immun, 1984; 43: 183-188.
31. Venkatesan K, Singh HS, Bhardwaj VP, Ramu G. Isolation, purification and quantification of phenolic glycolipid-1 from human leprosy skin tissues. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg, 1985; 82: 321-323.
32. Young DB, Harnisch JP, Knight J, Buchanan TM. Detection of phenolic glycolipid I in sera from patients with lepromatous leprosy. J Infect Dis, 1985; 152: 1078-1081.
33. Cho S-N, Hunter SW, Gelber RH et al. Quantitation of the phenolic glycolipid of Mycobacterium leprae and relevance to glycolipid antigenemia in leprosy. J Infect Dis, 1986; 153: 560-569.
34. Kaldany RR, Maasho K, Ohman R et al. Methods of detection of a specific Mycobacterium leprae antigen in the urine of leprosy patients. Scand J Immunol, 1987; 25: 37-43.
35. Cho S-N, Shin J-S, Daffé M et al. Production of monoclonal antibody to phenolic glycolipid of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its use in detection of the antigen in clinical isolates. J Clin Microbiol, 1992; 30: 3065-3069.
36. Ridley DS, Jopling WH. Classification of leprosy according to immunity. A five group system. Int J Lepr, 1966; 34: 255-273.
37. Cho S-N, Cellona RV, Fajardo TT et al. Detection of phenolic glycolipid-I antigen and antibody in sera from new and relapsed lepromatous patients treated with various drug regimens. Int J Lepr, 1991; 59: 25-31.
38. Roche PW, Britton WJ, Neupane KD et al. The response to chemotherapy of serum Mycobacterium lepraespecific antigen in multibacillary leprosy patients. Am J Trop Med Hyg, 1991; 44: 702-708.
39. 14C] palmitic acid into the phenolic glycolipid-I of Mycobacterium leprae. FEMS Microbiol Lett, 1989; 48: 407-411.
40. 14C] acetate into phenolic glycolipid-1 of Mycobacterium leprae within Schwannoma cells. J Biosci, 1989; 14: 37-45.
41. Young DB, Dissanayake S, Miller RA et al. Humans respond predominantly with IgM immunoglobulin to the species-specific glycolipid of Mycobacterium leprae. J Inf Dis, 1984; 149: 870-873.
42. Hunter SW, Gaylord H, Brennan PJ. Structure and antigenicity of the phosphorylated antigens from the leprosy and tubercle bacilli. J Biol Chem, 1986; 261: 12345-12351.
43. Gaylord H, Brennan PJ, Young DB, Buchanan TM. Most Mycobacterium leprae carbohydrate-reactive antibodies are directed to lipoarabinomannan. Infect Immun, 1987; 55: 2860-2863.
44. Sousa AO, Henry S, Marója FM et al. IgG subclass distribution of antibody responses to protein and polysaccharide mycobacterial antigens in leprosy and tuberculosis patients. Clin Exp Immunol, 1998; 111: 48-55.
45. Brett SJ, Draper P, Payne SN, Rees RJW. Serological activity of a characteristic phenolic glycolipid from Mycobacterium leprae in sera from patients with leprosy and tuberculosis. Clin Exp Immunol, 1983; 52: 271-279.
46. Douglas JT, Cellona RV, Fajardo TT et al. Prospective study of serological conversion as a risk factor for development of leprosy among household contacts. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol, 2004; 11: 897-900.
47. Cho S-N, Fujiwara T, Hunter SW et al. Use of an artificial antigen containing the 3,6-di-O-methylb-D-glycopyranosyl epitope for the serodiagnosis of leprosy. J Infect Dis, 1984; 150: 311-322.
48. Chatterjee D, Douglas JT, Cho S-N et al. Synthesis of neoglycoproteins containing the 3,6-di-O-methylb-D-glucopyranosyl epitope and their use in serodiagnosis of leprosy. Glycoconjugate J, 1985; 2: 187-208.
49. Chatterjee D, Cho S-N, Brennan PJ. Chemical synthesis and seroreactivity of O-(3,6-di-O-methylb-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1!4)-O(2,3-di-O-methyl-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-(1!9)-oxynonanoyl-bovine serum albumin-The leprosy-specific, natural disaccharide-octyl-neoglycoprotein. Carbohydr Res, 1986; 156: 39-56.
50. Chatterjee D, Cho S-N, Stewart C et al. Synthesis and immunoreactivity of neoglycoproteins containing the trisaccharide unit of phenolic glycolipid I of Mycobacterium leprae. Carbohydr Res, 1988; 183: 241-260.
51. Lemieux RU, Baker DA, Bundle DR. A methodology for the production of carbohydrate-specific antibody. Can J Biochem, 1977; 55: 507-512.
52. Fujiwara T, Izumi S, Brennan PJ. Synthesis of 3,6-di-O-methylglucosyl disaccharides with methyl 3-(p-hydroxyphenyl)propionate as a linker and their use in the serodiagnosis of leprosy. Agric Biol Chem, 1985; 49: 2301-2308.
53. Fujiwara T, Izumi S. Synthesis of the neoglycoconjugates of phenolic glycolipid-related trisaccharides for the serodiagnosis of leprosy. Agric Biol Chem, 1987; 51: 2539-2547.
54. Bührer-Sékula S, Smits HL, Gussenhoven GC et al. Simple and fast lateral flow test for classification of leprosy patients and identification of contacts with high risk of developing leprosy. J Clin Microbiol, 2003; 41: 1991-1995.
55. Bührer-Sékula S, Sarno EN, Oskam L et al. Use of ML dipstick as a tool to classify leprosy patients. Int J Lepr, 2000; 68: 456-463.
56. Klatser PR, Cho SN, Brennan PJ. The contribution of serological tests to leprosy control. Int J Lepr, 1996; 64: S63-S66.
57. Bührer-Sékula S, Cunha MGS, Ferreira WA, Klatser PR. The use of whole blood in a dipstick assay for detection of antibodies to Mycobacterium leprae: a field evaluation. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol, 1998; 21: 197-201.
58. Bührer-Sékula S, Cunha MG, Foss NT et al. Dipstick assay to identify leprosy patients who have an increased risk of relapse. Trop Med Int Health, 2001; 6: 317-323.
59. Izumi S, Fujiwara T, Ikeda M et al. Novel gelatin particle agglutination test for serodiagnosis of leprosy in the field. J Clin Microbiol, 1990; 28: 525-529.
60. Scollard DM, Adams LB, Gillis TP et al. The continuing challenges of leprosy. Clin Microbiol Rev, 2006; 19: 338-381.
61. Ng V, Zanazzi G, Timpl R et al. Role of the cell wall phenolic glycolipid-1 in the peripheral nerve predilection of Mycobacterium leprae. Cell, 2000; 103: 511-524.
62. Mattos KA, D'Avila H, Rodrigues LS et al. Lipid droplet formation in leprosy: Toll-like receptor-regulated organelles involved in eicosanoid formation and Mycobacterium leprae pathogenesis. J Leukocyte Biol, 2010; 87: 371-384.
63. Virchow R. Die krankhaften Geschwülste. August Hirschwald, Berlin, 1863.
64. Mattos KA, Oliveira VG, D'Avila H et al. TLR6-driven lipid droplets in Mycobacterium leprae-infected Schwann cells: Immunoinflammatory platforms associated with bacterial persistence. J Immunol, 2011; In press.
65. Schlesinger LS, Horwitz MA. Phenolic glycolipid-I of Mycobacterium leprae binds complement component C3 in serum and mediates phagocytosis by human monocytes. J Exp Med, 1991; 174: 1031-1038.
66. Murray RA, Siddiqui MR, Mendillo M et al. Mycobacterium leprae inhibits dendritic cell activation and maturation. J Immunol, 2007; 178: 338-344.
67. Sinsimer D, Fallows D, Peixoto B et al. Mycobacterium leprae actively modulates the cytokine response in naïve human monocytes. Infect Immun, 2010; 78: 293-300.
68. Tabouret G, Astarie-Dequeker C, Demangel C et al. Mycobacterium leprae phenolglycolipid-1 expressed by engineered M. bovis BCG modulates early interaction with human phagocytes. PLoS Pathog, 2010; 6: e1001159.
69. Chan J, Fujiwara T, Brennan PJ et al. Microbial glycolipids: possible virulence factors that scavenge oxygen radicals. Proc Natl Acad Sci, 1989; 86: 2453-2457.
70. Van Beers SM, Hatta M, Klatser PR. Patient contact is the major determinant in incident leprosy: implications for future control. Int J Lepr, 1999; 67: 119-128.
71. Cunaman A, Jr, Chan GP, Douglas JT. Risk of development of leprosy among Culion contacts. Int J Lepr, 1998; 66: S78A.
72. Duthie MS, Hay MN, Rada EM et al. Specific IgG antibody responses may be used to monitor leprosy treatment efficacy and as recurrence prognostic markers. Eur J Clin Microbiol Inf Dis, 2011; In press.
73. Geluk A, Spencer JS, Bobosha K et al., and on behalf of the IDEAL Consortium. From genome-based in silico predictions to ex vivo verification of leprosy diagnosis. Clin Vaccine Immunol, 2009; 16: 352-359.
74. Constant P, Pérez E, Malaga W et al. Role of the pks15/1 gene in the biosyntheisis of phenolglycolipids in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. Evidence that all strains synthesize glycosylated p-hydroxybenzoic methyl esters and that strains devoid of phenolglycolipids harbor a frameshift mutation in the pks15/1 gene. J Biol Chem, 2002; 277: 38148-38158.
75. Pérez E, Constant P, Lemassu E et al. Characterization of three glycosyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of the phenolic glycolipid antigens from the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex. J Biol Chem, 2004; 279: 42574-42583.