Insulin resistance, prehypertension, hypertension and blood pressure values in paediatric age

Journal of Hypertension

Volumn 30, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 327-335

  Genovesi, Simonetta ^a   Brambilla, Paolo ^b   Giussani, Marco ^b   Galbiati, Sara ^a   Mastriani, Silvana ^a   Pieruzzi, Federico ^a   Stella, Andrea ^a   Valsecchi, Maria Grazia ^c   Antolini, Laura ^c  

^a SAN GERARDO HOSPITAL   (Italy)

^b Family Paediatrician   (Italy)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MILANO BICOCCA   (Italy)

Author keywords

BMI; children; hypertension; insulin resistance; left ventricular mass; prehypertension; waist to height ratio

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ANTHROPOMETRIC PARAMETERS; ARTICLE; BODY HEIGHT; BODY MASS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CHILD; DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; FAMILY HISTORY; FEMALE; HOMEOSTASIS MODEL ASSESSMENT INDEX; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; INSULIN RESISTANCE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; PREHYPERTENSION; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PUBERTY; RATING SCALE; SCHOOL CHILD; SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE; WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE; WAIST TO HEIGHT RATIO;

EID: 84855844680     PISSN: 02636352     EISSN: 14735598     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e32834e4aaa     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Sorof JM, Lai D, Turner J, Poffenbarger T, Portman RJ. Overweight, ethnicity, and the prevalence of hypertension in school-aged children. Pediatrics 2004; 113:475-482. (Pubitemid 38280786)
2. Salvadori M, Sontrop JM, Garg AX, Truong J, Suri RS, Mahmud FH, Clark WF. Elevated blood pressure in relation to overweight and obesity among children in a rural Canadian community. Pediatrics 2008; 122:e821-e827.
3. Paradis G, Lambert M, O'Loughlin J, Lavallée C, Aubin J, Delvin E, et al. Blood pressure and adiposity in children and adolescents. Circulation 2004; 110:1832-1838. (Pubitemid 39299226)
4. Genovesi S, Giussani M, Pieruzzi F, Vigorita F, Arcovio C, Cavuto S, Stella A. Results of blood pressure screening in a population of schoolaged children in the province of Milan: role of overweight. J Hypertens 2005; 23:493-497. (Pubitemid 40684705)
5. Rodrigues-Moran M, Salazar-Vazquez B, Violante R, Guerrero-Romero F. Metabolic syndrome among children and adolescents aged 10-18 years. Diabetes Care 2004; 27:2516-2517. (Pubitemid 39281417)
6. Golley RK, Magarey AM, Steinbeck KS, Baur LA, Daniels LA. Comparison of metabolic syndrome prevalence using six different definitions in overweight prepubertal children enrolled in a weight management study. Int J Obes 2006; 30:853-860.
7. Katmarzyk PT, Srinivasan SR, Chen W, Malina RM, Bouchard C, Berenson GS. Body mass index, waist circumference and clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors in a biracial sample of children and adolescents. Pediatrics 2004; 114:198-204.
8. Genovesi S, Antolini L, Giussani M, Pieruzzi F, Galbiati S, Valsecchi MG, et al. Usefulness of waist circumference for the identification of childhood hypertension. J Hypertens 2008; 26:1563-1570.
9. Ferrannini E, Buzzigoli G, Bonadonna R, Giorico MA, Oleggini M, Graziadei L, et al. Insulin resistance in essential hypertension. N Engl J Med 1987; 317:350-357. (Pubitemid 17118813)
10. Sinaiko AR, Steinberger J, Moran A, Hong C-P, Prineas RJ, Jacobs DR. Influence of insulin resistance and body mass index at age 13 on systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol at age 19. Hypertension 2006; 48:730-736. (Pubitemid 44843879)
11. Bao W, Srinivasan SR, Berenson GS. Persistent elevation of plasma insulin levels is associated with increased cardiovascular risk in children and young adults. The Bogalusa Heart Study. Circulation 1996; 93:54-59. (Pubitemid 26006568)
12. Maffeis C, Banzato C, Brambilla P, Cerutti F, Corciulo N, Cuccarolo G, et al. Obesity Study Group of the Italian Society of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology. Insulin resistance is a risk factor for high blood pressure regardless of body size and fat distribution in obese children. Nutr, Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2010; 20:266-273.
13. Taittonen L, Uhari M, Nuutinen M, Turtinen J, Pokka T, Akerblom HK. Insulin and blood pressure among healthy children. Cardiovascular risk in young Finns. Am J Hypertens 1996; 9:194-199.
14. Srinivasan SR, Myers L, Berenson GS. Changes in metabolic syndrome variables since childhood in prehypertensive and hypertensive subjects: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Hypertension 2006; 48:33-39. (Pubitemid 44297521)
15. Lurbe E, Torro I, Aguilar F, Alvarez J, Alcon J, Pascual JM, Redon J. Added impact of obesity and insulin resistance in nocturnal blood pressure elevation in children and adolescents. Hypertension 2008; 51:635-641. (Pubitemid 351301514)
16. Sasson Z, Rasooly Y, Byesania T, Rasooly I. Insulin resistance is an important determinant of left ventricular mass in the obese. Circulation 1993; 88:1431-1436. (Pubitemid 23296888)
17. Wong CY, O'Moore-Sullivan T, Leano R, Byrne N, Beller E, Marwick TH. Alterations of left ventricular myocardial characteristics associated with obesity. Circulation 2004; 110:3081-3087. (Pubitemid 39492002)
18. Lind L, Andersson PE, Andrén B, Hanni A, Lithell HO. Left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertension is associated with the insulin resistance metabolic syndrome. J Hypertens 1995; 13:433-438.
19. Cole TJ, Bellizzi MC, Flegal KM, Dietz WH. Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey. BMJ 2000; 320:1-6.
20. Maffeis C, Banzato C, Talamini G. Waist-to-Height Ratio: a useful index to identify high metabolic risk in overweight children. J Pediatr 2008; 152:207-213.
21. Garnett SP, Baur LA, Cowell CT. Waist-to-Height Ratio, a simple option for determining excess central adiposity in youmg people. Int J Obes 2008; 32:1028-1030. (Pubitemid 351986229)
22. Srinivasan SR, Wang R, Chen W, Wie CY, Xu J, Berenson GS. Utility of Waist-to-Height Ratio in detecting central obesity and related adverse cardiovascular risk profile among normal weight younger adults (from the Bogalusa Heart Study). Am J Cardiol 2009; 104: 721-724.
23. Mokha JS, Srinivasan SR, DasMahapatra P, Fernandez C, Chen W, Xu J, Berenson GS. Utility of Waist-to-Height ratio in assessing the status of central obesity and related cardiometabolic risk profile among normal weight and overweight/obese children: The Bogalusa Heart Study. BMC Pediatrics 2010; 10:73.
24. Tanner JM. Growth and maturation during adolescence. Nutr Rev 1981; 39:43-55.
25. National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents. The Fourth Report on the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents. Pediatrics 2004; 114:555-576.
26. Lurbe E, Cifkova R, Cruickshank JK, Dillon MJ, Ferreira I, Invitti C, et al. Management of high blood pressure in children and adolescents: recommendations of European Society of Hypertension. A J Hypertens 2009; 27:1719-1742.
27. Matthews DR, Hosker JP, Rudenski AS, Naylor BA, Treacher DF, Turner RC. Homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance and beta-cell function from fasting plasma glucose and insulin concentrations in man. Diabetologia 1985; 28:412-419. (Pubitemid 15018832)
28. Lang RM, Bierig M, Devereux RB, Flachskampf FA, Foster E, Pellikka PA, et al. Chamber Quantification Writing Group; American Society of Echocardiography's Guidelines and Standards Committee; European Association of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2005; 18:1440-1463.
29. Devereux RB, Alonso DR, Lutas EM, Gottlieb GJ, Campo E, Sachs I, Reichek N. Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular hypertrophy: comparison to necropsy findings. Am J Cardiol 1986; 57:450-458. (Pubitemid 16119719)
30. de Simone G, Devereux RB, Daniels SR, Koren M, Meyer RA, Laragh JH. Effect of growth on variability of left ventricular mass: assessment of allometric signals in adults and children and their capacity to predict cardiovascular risk. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995; 25:1056-1062.
31. Khoury PR, Mitsnefes M, Daniels SR, Kimball TR. Age-specific reference intervals for indexed left ventricular mass in children. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2009; 22:709-714.
32. Sinaiko AR, Steinberger J, Moran A, Prineas RJ, Jacobs DR Jr. Relation of insulin resistance to blood pressure in childhood. J Hypertens 2002; 20:509-517. (Pubitemid 34913751)
33. Lurbe E, Alvarez V, Liao Y, Tacons J, Cooper R, Cremades B, et al. The impact of obesity and body fat distribution on ambulatory blood pressure in children and adolescents. Am J Hypertens 1998; 11:418-424. (Pubitemid 28231453)
34. Maffeis C, Pietrobelli A, Grezzani A, Provera S, Tatò L. Waist circumference and cardiovascular risk factors in prepubertal children. Obes Res 2001; 9:179-187. (Pubitemid 33600278)
35. He Q, Horlick M, Fedun B, Wang J, Pierson RN Jr, Heshka S, Gallagher D. Trunk fat and blood pressure in children through puberty. Circulation 2002; 105:1093-1098. (Pubitemid 34212620)
36. Goran MI, Gower BA. Relation between visceral fat and disease risk in children and adolescents. Am J Clin Nutr 1999; 70:149S-156S. (Pubitemid 29461131)
37. DeFronzo RA. The effect of insulin on renal sodium metabolism: a review with clinical implications. Diabetologia 1981; 21:165-171.
38. DeFronzo RA, Cooke CR, Andres R, Faloona GR, Davis PJ. The effect of insulin on renal handling of sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphate in man. J Clin Invest 1975; 55:845-885.
39. Rowe JW, Young JB, Minaker KL, Stevens AL, Pallotta J, Landsberg L. Effect of insulin and glucose infusions on sympathetic nervous system activity in normal man. Diabetes 1981; 30:219-225. (Pubitemid 11026317)
40. Landsberg L. Insulin resistance and hypertension. Clin Exp Hypertens 1999; 21:885-894. (Pubitemid 29325486)
41. Sartori C, Scherrer U. Insulin, nitric oxide and the sympathetic nervous system: at the crossroads of metabolic and cardiovascular regulation. J Hypertens 1999; 17:1517-1525. (Pubitemid 29531391)
42. Genovesi S, Antolini L, Giussani M, Brambilla P, Barbieri V, Galbiati S, et al. Hypertension, prehypertension and transient elevated blood pressure in children: association with weight excess and waist circumference. Am J Hypertens 2010; 23:756-761.
43. Daniels SR, Loggie JMH, Khoury P, Kimball TR. Left ventricular geometry and severe left ventricular hypertrophy in children and adolescents with essential hypertension. Circulation 1998; 97:1907-1911. (Pubitemid 28222184)
44. Kono Y, Yoshinaga M, Oku S, Nomura Y, Nakamura M, Aihoshi S. Effect of obesity on echocardiographic parameters in children. Int J Cardiol 1994; 46:7-13. (Pubitemid 24240075)
45. Hanevold C, Waller J, Daniels S, Portman R, Sorof J. The effect of obesity gender and ethnic group on left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive children: a collaborative study of the International Pediatric Hypertension Association. Pediatrics 2004; 113:328-333. (Pubitemid 38177084)
46. Chien KL, Sung FC, Hsu HC, Su TC, Lee YT. Left ventricular mass and correlated atherosclerosis risk factors in young adolescents: report from Chin Shan community cardiovascular study in Taiwan. Atherosclerosis 2001; 155:431-437.
47. Rodrigues-Moran M, Guerrero-Romero F. Hyperinsulinemia in healthy children and adolescents with a positive family history for type 2 diabetes. Pediatrics 2006; 118:e1516-e1522. (Pubitemid 46393656)