Usefulness of waist circumference for the identification of childhood hypertension

Journal of Hypertension

Volumn 26, Issue 8, 2008, Pages 1563-1570

  Genovesi, Simonetta ^a,b,c   Antolini, Laura ^c   Giussani, Marco ^a,d   Pieruzzi, Federico ^a,b   Galbiati, Sara ^a   Valsecchi, Maria Grazia ^c   Brambilla, Paolo ^d,e   Stella, Andrea ^a,b  

^a Department of Clinical and Preventive Medicine ^*  (Italy)

^b SAN GERARDO HOSPITAL   (Italy)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MILANO BICOCCA   (Italy)

^d Italian Federation of Pediatricians (FIMP)   (Italy)

^e UNIVERSITY OF MILAN   (Italy)

Author keywords

Blood pressure; Central adiposity; Children, obesity; Overweight; Waist circumference

Indexed keywords

ANTHROPOMETRY; ARTICLE; BLOOD PRESSURE MEASUREMENT; BODY MASS; BODY WEIGHT; CHILD; CHILD CARE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE PREDISPOSITION; FEMALE; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; OBESITY; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK ASSESSMENT; SCHOOL CHILD; SCORING SYSTEM; WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; PRESCHOOL CHILD; RISK FACTOR; STATISTICAL MODEL; WAIST HIP RATIO;

BLOOD PRESSURE; BODY MASS INDEX; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; FEMALE; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; LOGISTIC MODELS; MALE; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; OBESITY; PREVALENCE; RISK FACTORS; WAIST-HIP RATIO;

EID: 51549083505     PISSN: 02636352     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/HJH.0b013e328302842b     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Lurbe E, Alvarez V, Liao Y, Tacons J, Cooper R, Cremades B, et al. The impact of obesity and body fat distribution on ambulatory blood pressure in children and adolescents. Am J Hypertens 1998; 11:418-424.
2. Reich A, Muller G, Gelbrich G, Deutscher K, Godicke R, Kiess W. Obesity and blood pressure-results from the examination of 2365. schoolchildren in Germany. Int J Obes 2003; 27:1459-1464.
3. Sorof JM, Lai D, Turner J, Poffenbarger T, Portman R. Overweight, ethnicity, and the prevalence of hypertension in school-aged children. Pediatrics 2004; 113:475-482.
4. Paradis G, Lambert M, O'Loughlin J, Lavallee C, Aubin J, Delvin E, et al. Blood pressure and adiposity in children and adolescents. Circulation 2004; 110:1832-1838.
5. Genovesi S, Giussani M, Pieruzzi F, Vigorita F, Arcovio C, Cavuto S, et al. Results of blood pressure screening in a population of school-aged children in the province of Milan: role of overweight. J Hypertens 2005;23:493-497.
6. MahoneyLT, Clarke WR, Barns TL, Lauer RM. Childhood predictors ofhigh blood pressure. Am J Hypertens 1991; 4:608S-610S.
7. Bao W, Threefoot SA, Srinivasan SR, Berenson GS. Essential hypertension predicted by tracking of elevated blood pressure from childhood to adulthood: the Bogalusa Heart Study. Am J Hypertens 1995; 8:657-665.
8. Lande MB, Carson NL, Roy J, Meagher CC. Effects of childhood primary hypertension on carotid intima media thickness: a matched control study. Hypertension 2006; 48:40-44.
9. Meyer AA, Kundt G, Steiner M, Schuff-Werner P, Kienast W. Impaired flow- mediated vasodilation, carotid artery intima-media thickening, and elevated endothelial plasma markers in obese children: the impact of cardiovascular risk factors. Pediatrics 2006; 117:1560-1567.
10. Reinehr T, Kiess W, de Sousa G, Stoffel-Wagner B, Wunsch R. Intima-media thickness in childhood obesity: relations to inflammatory marker, glucose metabolism, and blood pressure. Metabolism 2006; 55:113-118.
11. Genovesi S, Pieruzzi F. Obesity-associated hypertension in childhood: a new epidemic problem. Curr Hypertens Rev 2006; 2:199-206.
12. Bowman SA. Pediatrician's office: a solution in the prevention of childhood obesity. Acta Paediatr 2005; 94:652-654.
13. National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents. The fourth report on the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. Pediatrics 2004; 114:555-576.
14. Larsson B, Svardsudd K, Welin L, Wilhelmsen L, Bjorntorp P, Tibblin G. Abdominal adipose tissue distribution, obesity and risk for cardiovascular disease and death: 13. year follow up of participants in the study of men born in 1913. BMJ 1984; 288:1401. -1404.
15. Romero-Corral A, Montori VM, Somers VK, Korinek J, Thomas RJ, Allison TJ, et al. Association of bodyweight with total mortality and with cardiovascular events in coronary disease: a systematic review of cohort studies. Lancet 2006; 368:666-678.
16. Janssen I, Heymsfield SB, Allision DB, Kotler DP, Ross R. Body mass index and waist circumference independently contribute to the prediction of nonabdominal, abdominal subcutaneous and visceral fat. Am J Clin Nutr 2002; 75:683-688.
17. Brambilla P, Bedogni G, Moreno LA, Goran MI, Gutin B, Fox KR, et al. Crossvalidation of anthropometry against magnetic resonance imaging for the assessment of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue in children. Int J Obes 2006; 30:23-30.
18. Caprio S, Hyman LD, McCarthy S, Lange R, Bronson M, Tamborlane WV. Fat distribution and cardiovascular risk factors in obese adolescent girls: importance of the intraabdominal fat depot. Am J Clin Nutr 1996; 64:12-17.
19. Katzmarzyk PT, Srinivasan SR, Chen W, Malina RM, Bouchard C, Berenson GS. Body mass index, waist circumference and clustering of cardiovascular disease risk factors in a biracial sample of children and adolescents. Pediatrics 2004; 114:198-204.
20. He Q, Horlick M, Fedun B, Wang J, Pierson RN, Heshka S, et al. Trunk fat and blood pressure in children through puberty. Circulation 2002; 105:1093-1098.
21. Maffeis C, Pietrobelli A, Grezzani A, Provera S, Tato L. Waistcircumference and cardiovascular risk factors in prepubertal children. Obes Res 2001; 9:179-187.
22. Savva SC, Tornaritis M, Savva ME, Kourides Y, Panagi A, Silikiotou N, et al. Waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio are better predictors of cardiovascular disease risk factors in children than body mass index. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2000; 24:1453-1458.
23. Hara M, Saitou I, Iwata F, Okada T, Harada K. Waist-to-height ratio is the best predictor of cardiovascular disease risk factors in Japanese schoolchildren. J Atheroscler Thromb 2002; 9:127-132.
24. Khan HS, Imperatore G, Cheng YJ. A population-based comparison of BMI percentiles and waist-to-height ratio for identifying cardiovascular risk in youth. J Pediatr 2005; 146:482. -488.
25. Lohman TG, Roche AF, Martorell R. Anthropometrical standardization reference manual. In: Lohman TG, Roche AF, Martorell R, editors. Champaign: Human Kinetics Books; 1988.
26. Cole TJ, Bellizzi MC, Flegal KM, Diets WH. Establishing a standard definition for childhood obesity worldwide: an international survey. BMJ 2000; 320:1240-1251.
27. Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ounpuu S, Bautista L, Franzosi MG, Commerford P, et al. Obesity and the risk of myocardial infarction in 27. 000. participants from 52. countries: a case-control study. Lancet 2005; 366:1640-1649.
28. Goran MI, Gower BA. Relation between visceral fat disease risk in children and adolescents. Am J Clin Nutr 1999; 70:149S-156S.
29. Gutin B, Johnsonn MH, Humphries MC, Hatfield-Laube JL, Kapuku GK, Allison JD, et al. Relationship of visceral adiposity to cardiovascular disease risk factors in black and white teens. Obesity 2007; 15:1029. -1035.
30. Williams MJ, Hunter GR, Kekes-Szabo T, Trueth MS, Snyder S, Berland L. Intra-abdominal adipose tissue cut-points related to elevated cardiovascular risk in women. Int J Obes 1996; 20:613-617.
31. Asayama K, Dobashi K, Hayashibe H, Kodera K, Uchida N, Nakane T, et al. Threshold values of visceral fat measures and their anthropometric alternatives for metabolic derangement in Japanese obese boys. Int J Obes 2002; 26:208-213.
32. Asayama K, Hayashibe H, Endo A, Okada T, Hara M, Masuda H, et al. Threshold values of visceral fat and waist girth in Japanese obese children. Pediatrics Int 2005; 47:498. -504.
33. Kavey REW, Kveselis DA, Atallah N, Smith FC. White coat hypertension in childhood: evidence for end-organ effect. J Pediatr 2007; 150:491-497.
34. Ruderman NB, Schneider SH, Berchtold P. The metabolically-obese normal-weight individual. Am J Clin Nutr 1981; 34:1617-1621.
35. Ruderman N, Chisholm D, Pi-Sunyer X, Schneider S. The metabolically obese, normal-weight individual revisited. Diabetes 1998; 47:699-713.
36. Li R, Alpert BS, Walker SS, Somes GW. Longitudinal relationship of parental hypertension with body mass index, blood pressure, and cardiovascular reactivity in children. J Pediatr 2007; 150:498-502.
37. McCarthy HD, Ashwell M. A study of central fatness using waist-to-height ratios in UK children and adolescents over two decades supports the simple message: 'keep your waist circumference to less than half your height'. Int J Obes 2006; 30:988-992.