Using the sensitivity of large-eddy simulations to evaluate atmospheric boundary layer models

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

Volumn 69, Issue 5, 2012, Pages 1582-1601

  Bellon, Gilles ^a   Stevens, Bjorn ^b  

^a CENTRE NATIONAL DE RECHERCHES MÉTÉOROLOGIQUES   (France)

^b MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR METEOROLOGY   (Germany)

Author keywords

Boundary layer; Cumulus clouds; Large eddy simulations

Indexed keywords

BULK MODEL; CLOUD LAYERS; CUMULUS CLOUD; DATA SETS; FORCINGS; FREE TROPOSPHERE; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE (SST); STATIONARY STATE;

ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY LAYER; BOUNDARY LAYERS; DATA PROCESSING; LARGE EDDY SIMULATION; TROPOSPHERE;

CLOUDS;

ATMOSPHERIC MODELING; BOUNDARY LAYER; CUMULUS; LARGE EDDY SIMULATION; RELATIVE HUMIDITY; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; TROPOSPHERE;

EID: 84855756852     PISSN: 00224928     EISSN: 15200469     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/JAS-D-11-0160.1     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Ackerman, A. S., and Coauthors, 2009: Large-eddy simulations of a drizzling, stratocumulus-topped marine boundary layer. Mon. Wea. Rev., 137, 1083-1110.
2. Bechtold, P., S. K. Krueger, W. S. Lewellen, E. van Meijgaard, C.H.Moeng, D.A.Randall, A. vanUlden, and S.Wang, 1996: Modeling a stratocumulus-topped PBL: Intercomparison among different one-dimensional codes and with large eddy simulation. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 2033-2042.
3. Betts, A. K., and W. Ridgway, 1988: Coupling of the radiative, convective, and surface uxes over the equatorial Pacic. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 522-536.
4. Betts, A. K., and W. Ridgway, 1989: Climatic equilibrium of the atmospheric convective boundary layer over a tropical ocean. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 2621-2641.
5. Bony, S., and J.-L. Dufresne, 2005: Marine boundary layer clouds at the heart of tropical cloud feedback uncertainties in cli-mate model. Geophys.Res.Lett., 32, L20806, doi:10.1029/ 2005GL023851.
6. Bretherton, C. S., and S. Park, 2008: A new bulk shallow cumulus model and implications for penetrative entrainment feedback on updraft buoyancy. J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 2174-2193.
7. Bretherton, C. S., J. Uchida, and P. N. Blossey, 2010: Slow manifolds and multiple equilibria in stratocumulus-capped boundary layers. J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst., 2 (14), doi:10.3894/JAMES. 2010.2.14.
8. Brown, A. R., and Coauthors, 2006: Large-eddy simulation of the diurnal cycle of shallow cumulus convection over land. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 128, 1075-1093.
9. Clement, A. C., R. Burgman, and J. R. Norris, 2009: Observational and model evidence for positive low-level cloud feedback. Science, 325, 460-464.
10. Deardorff, J.W., 1972: Parameterization of the planetary boundary layer for use in general circulation models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 100, 93-106.
11. Deardorff, J.W., G. E. Willis, and D. K. Lilly, 1969: Laboratory investigation of non-steady penetrative convection. J. FluidMech., 35, 7-31.
12. Dufresne, J.-L., and S. Bony, 2008: An assessment of the primary sources of spread of global warming estimates from coupled atmosphere-ocean models. J. Climate, 21, 5135-5144.
13. Holland, J. Z., and E.M. Rasmusson, 1973:Measurements of the atmospheric mass, energy, and momentum budgets over a 500-kilometer square of tropical ocean. Mon. Wea. Rev., 101, 44-55.
14. Klein, S. A., and D. L. Hartmann, 1993: The seasonal cycle of low stratiform clouds. J. Climate, 6, 1587-1606.
15. Lenderink, G., and Coauthors, 2004: The diurnal cycle of shallow cumulus clouds over land: A single column model inter-comparison study. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 130, 3339-3364.
16. Lilly, D. K., 1968: Models of cloud-topped mixed layers under a strong inversion. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 94, 292-309.
17. Matheou, G., D. Chung, L. Nuijens, B. Stevens, andJ. Teixeira, 2011: On the delity of large-eddy simulation of shallow precipitating cumulus convection. Mon. Wea. Rev., 139, 2918-2939.
18. Moeng, C.-H., and Coauthors, 1996: Simulation of a stratocumulus-topped planetary boundary layer: Intercomparison among different numerical codes. Bull. Amer.Meteor. Soc., 77, 261-278.
19. Neggers, R. A. J., A. P. Siebesma, and T. Heus, 2012: Continuous single-column model evaluation at a permanent observational supersite. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., in press.
20. Norris, J. R., and C. B. Leovy, 1994: Interannual variability in stratiform cloudiness and sea surface temperature. J. Climate, 7, 1915-1925.
21. Norris, J. R., and S. A. Klein, 2000: Low cloud type over the ocean from surface observations. Part III: Relationship to vertical motion and the regional surface synoptic environment. J. Climate, 13, 245-256.
22. Nuijens, L., and B. Stevens, 2012: The inuence of wind speed on shallowmarine cumulus convection. J.Atmos. Sci., 69, 168-184.
23. Savic-Jovcic, V., and B. Stevens, 2008: The structure andmesoscale organization of precipitating stratocumulus. J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 1587-1605.
24. Schubert, W. H., J. S.Wakeeld, E. J. Steiner, and S. K. Cox, 1979: Marine stratocumulus convection. Part II: Horizontally in-homogeneous solutions. J. Atmos. Sci., 36, 1308-1324.
25. Siebesma, A. P., and J. W. M. Cuijpers, 1995: Evaluation of para-metric assumptions for shallow cumulus convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 650-666.
26. Siebesma, A. P., andCoauthors, 2003:Alarge eddy simulation intercomparison study of shallow cumulus convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 1201-1219.
27. Stevens, B., 2007: On the growth of layers of nonprecipitating cu-mulus convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 64, 2916-2931.
28. Stevens, B., and Coauthors, 2001: Simulations of trade-wind cumuli under a strong inversion. J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 1870-1891.
29. Stevens, B., and Coauthors, 2005: Evaluation of large-eddy simulations via observations of nocturnal marine stratocumulus. Mon. Wea. Rev., 133, 1443-1462.
30. Stevens, B., A. Beljaars, S. Bordoni, C. Holloway, M. Köhler, S. Krueger, V. Savic-Jovcic, and Y. Zhang, 2007: On the structure of the lower troposphere in the summertime stratocumulus regime of the northeast Pacic. Mon. Wea. Rev., 135, 985-1005.
31. Uchida, J., C. S. Bretherton, and P.N.Blossey, 2010: The sensitivity of stratocumulus-capped mixed layers to cloud droplet con-centration: Do LES and mixed-layer models agree? Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 4097-4109.
32. Wood, R., and C. S. Bretherton, 2006:On the relationship between stratiform low cloud cover and lower-tropospheric stability. J. Climate, 19, 6425-6432.
33. Wyant, M. C., and Coauthors, 2007: A single-column model in-tercomparison of a heavily drizzling stratocumulus-topped boundary layer. J. Geophys. Res., 112, D24204, doi:10.1029/ 2007JD008536.
34. Xue, H., G. Feingold, and B. Stevens, 2008: Aerosol effects on clouds, precipitation, and the organization of shallow cumulus convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 65, 392-406.
35. Zhu, P., and Coauthors, 2005: Intercomparison and interpretation of single-column model simulations of a nocturnal stratocumulus-topped marine boundary layer. Mon. Wea. Rev., 133, 2741-2758.