Cross-cultural constructions of self-schemas: Americans and Mexicans

Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology

Volumn 43, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 233-250

  Ramírez Esparza, Nairán ^a   Chung, Cindy K ^b   Sierra Otero, Gisela ^c   Pennebaker, James W ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN   (United States)

^c UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL AUTÓNOMA DE MÉXICO   (Mexico)

Author keywords

cross cultural; Mexicans; personality; self schemas; text analytic tools

Indexed keywords

EID: 84855571862     PISSN: 00220221     EISSN: 15525422     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0022022110385231     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Arnett J. J.The psychology of globalization.American Psychologist. 2002;57:774-783.
2. Arrindell W. A.,van der Ende J.An empirical test of the utility of the observations-to-variables ratio in factor and components analysis.Applied Psychological Measurement. 1985;9:165-178.
3. Bagozzi R. P.,Wong N.,Yi Y.The role of culture and gender in the relationship between positive and negative affect.Cognition and Emotion. 1999;13:641-672.
4. Benet-Martínez V.,John O. P.Los Cinco Grades across cultures and ethnic groups: Multitrait-multimethod analyses of the Big Five in Spanish and English.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1998;75:729-750.
5. Cantor N.From thought to behavior: "Having" and "doing" in the study of personality and cognition.American Psychologist. 1990;45:735-750.
6. Cattell R. B.The scree test for the number of factors.Multivariate Behavior Research. 1966;1:245-276.
7. Chung K. C.,Pennebaker J. W.Revealing personality in natural language: Using an automated Meaning Extraction Method on open-ended self-descriptions.Journal of Research in Personality. 2008;42:96-132.
8. del Prado A. M.,Church A. T.,Katigbak M. S.,Miramontes L. G.,Whitty M. T.,Curtis G. J.,Reyes J. A. S.Culture, method, and the content of self-concepts: Testing trait, individual-self-primacy, and cultural psychology perspectives.Journal of Research in Personality. 2007;41:1119-1160.
9. Díaz-Loving, R., & Draguns, J. G. (1999). Culture, meaning, and personality in Mexico and in the United States. In Y.- T. Lee, C. R. McCauley, & J. G. Draguns (Eds.), Personality and person perception across cultures (pp. 103-126). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
10. Duval S.,Wicklund R. A.A theory of objective self awareness. Oxford, UK: Academic Press; 1972:.
11. Hall E. T.The dance of life, the other dimension of time. Garden City, NY: Doubleday; 1983:.
12. Heine S. H.,Renshaw K.Interjudge agreement, self-enhancement, and liking: Cross-cultural divergences.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 2002;28:578-587.
13. Hofstede G.Culture's consequences: International differences in work-related values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage; 1980:.
14. Holloway R. A.,Waldrip A. M.,Ickes W.Evidence that a Simpático self-schema accounts for differences in the self-concepts and social behavior of Latinos versus Whites (and Blacks).Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2009;96:1012-1028.
15. Kuhn M. T.,McPartland T.An empirical investigation of self-attitudes.U.S. Sociological Review. 1954;19:68-76.
16. La Rosa J.,Díaz-Loving R.Evaluación del autoconcepto: Una escala multidimensional.Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología. 1991;23:15-34.
17. Levine R. V.,Norenzayan A.The pace of life in 31 countries.Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. 1999;30:178-205.
18. MacCallum R. C.,Widman K. F.,Zhang S.,Hong S.Sample size in factor analysis.Psychological Methods. 1999;4:84-99.
19. Madsen M.,Kagan S.Mother-directed achievement of children in two cultures.Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. 1973;2:221-228.
20. Marín G.,Marín B. V.Research with Hispanic populations. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications; 1991:.
21. Markus H.Self-schemata and processing information about the self.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1977;35:63-78.
22. Markus H.,Hamill R.,Sentis K. P.Thinking fat: Self-schemas for body weight and the processing of weight relevant information.Journal of Applied Social Psychology. 1987;17:50-71.
23. Markus H. R.,Kitayama S.Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation.Psychological Review. 1991;98:224-253.
24. Markus H. R.,Kitayama S.The cultural psychology of personality.Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. 1998;29:63-87.
25. McAdams D. P.What do we know when we know a person?.Journal of Personality. 1995;63:365-396.
26. McAdams D. P.,Anyidoho N. A.,Brown C.,Huang Y. T.,Kaplan B.,Machado M. A.Traits and stories: Links between dispositional and narrative features of personality.Journal of Personality. 2004;72:761-784.
27. Pennebaker J. W.,Francis M. E.,Booth R. J.Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC); LIWC2001. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum Publishers; 2001:.
28. Ramírez-Esparza N.,Gosling S. D.,Pennebaker J. W.Paradox lost: Unraveling the puzzle of Simpatía.Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. 2008;39:703-715.
29. Ramírez-Esparza N.,Mehl M. R.,Alvarez-Bermudez J.,Pennebaker J. W.Are Mexicans more sociable than Americans? Insights from a Naturalistic Observation Study.Journal of Research in Personality. 2009;43:1-7.
30. Rentfrow P. J.,Gosling S. D.,Potter J.The geography of personality: A theory of the emergence, persistence, and expression of regional variation in basic traits.Perspectives in Psychological Science. 2008;3:339-369.
31. Scott M.WordSmith. New York: Oxford University Press; 1996:.
32. Shkodriani G. M.,Gibbons J. L.Individualism and collectivism among university students in Mexico and the United States.The Journal of Social Psychology. 1995;135:765-772.
33. Triandis H. C.Individualism and collectivism. Boulder, CO: Westview; 1995:.
34. Triandis H. C.,Marín G.,Lisansky J.,Betancourt H.Simpatía as a cultural script of Hispanics.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 1984;47:1363-1375.
35. Wolf M.,Chung C. K.,Kordy H.Inpatient treatment to online aftercare: E-mailing themes as a function of therapeutic outcomes.Psychotherapy Research. 2010;20:71-85.