Biases in the evaluation of psychiatric clinical evidence

Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease

Volumn 200, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 76-82

  Makhinson, Michael ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Clinical biases; clinical trials; cognitive biases; psychiatric clinical trials

Indexed keywords

AFFECT HEURISTIC AND PROBABILITY INSENSITIVITY; ANCHORING BIAS; ARTICLE; CLINICAL DECISION MAKING; CLINICAL PRACTICE; CLINICAL TRIAL (TOPIC); CONFIRMATION BIAS; CONSISTENCY BIAS; FAMILIARITY BIAS; HUMAN; INCENTIVE BIAS; NOVELTY AND OPTIMISM BIAS; PSYCHIATRY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); REDUCTIONISM BIAS; REPRESENTATIVENESS HEURISTIC; SYSTEMATIC ERROR;

DECISION MAKING; EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE; HUMANS; JUDGMENT; PSYCHIATRY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC;

EID: 84855324422     PISSN: 00223018     EISSN: 1539736X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/NMD.0b013e31823e62cd     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. Anderson CA, Lepper MR, Ross L (1980) Perseverance of social theories: The role of explanation in the persistence of discredited information. J Pers Soc Psychol. 39:1037-1049.
2. Aronson E,Wilson TD, Akert AM (Eds) (2005). Social psychology (5th Ed). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
3. Aronson JK (2006) The NSAID roller coaster: More about rofecoxib. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 62:257-259.
4. Babcock L, Loewenstein G, Issacharoff S, Camerer C (1995) Biased judgments of fairness in bargaining. Am Econ Rev. 85:1337-1342.
5. Barbour V (2010) How ghost-writing threatens the credibility of medical knowledge and medical journals. Haematologica. 95:1-2.
6. Bourgeois FT, Murthy S, Mandl KD (2010) Outcome reporting among drug trials registered in clinicaltrials.gov. Ann Intern Med. 153:158-166.
7. Busch FN, Milrod B, Sandberg LS (2009) A study demonstrating efficacy of a psychoanalytic psychotherapy for panic disorder: implications for psychoanalytic research, theory, and practice. J Am Psychoanal Assoc. 57:131-138.
8. Califf RM, Harrington RA, Blazing MA (2009) Premature release of data from clinical trials of ezetimibe. N Engl J Med. 361:712-717.
9. Cascade EF, Kalali AH, Lieberman J, Hsiao J, Keefe R, Stroup S (2007) Use of antipsychotics pre- and post- dissemination of CATIE data. Psychiatry. 4: 21-23.
10. Cash P (2006) Dr. Benjamin Waterhouse: A life in medicine and public service (1754-1846). Boston, MA: Boston Medical Library & Science History Publications.
11. Cialdini R (1993) Influence: Science and practice. New York: Harper Collins.
12. Collier R (2009) Legumes, lemons and streptomycin: A short history of the clinical trial. CMAJ. 180:23-24.
13. Cosmides L, Tooby J (1994) Better than rational: Evolutionary psychology and the invisible hand. Am Econ Rev. 84:327-332.
14. Croskerry P (2003) The importance of cognitive errors in diagnosis and strategies to minimize them. Acad Med. 78:775-780.
15. Cuijpers P, Smit F, Bohlmeijer E, Hollon SD, Andersson G (2010) Efficacy of cognitive-behavioural therapy and other psychological treatments for adult depression: Meta-analytic study of publication bias. Br J Psychiatr. 196: 173-178.
16. Dana J, Loewenstein G (2003) A social science perspective on gifts to physicians from industry. JAMA. 290:252-255. (Pubitemid 37430065)
17. Denes-Raj V, Epstein S (1994) Conflict between intuitive and rational processing: when people behave against their better judgment. J Pers Soc Psychol. 66:819-829.
18. Fisher RA (1925) Statistical methods for research workers. London and Edinburgh, UK: Oliver and Boyd.
19. Geen RG (1994) Human motivation: A social psychological approach. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing.
20. Gull WW, Sutton HG (1869) Remarks on the natural history of rheumatic fever. Med Chir Trans. 52:43-84.
21. Hall JC, Platell C (1997) Half-life of truth in surgical literature. Lancet. 350:1752. (Pubitemid 28036683)
22. Healy D (2002) The creation of psychopharmacology. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
23. Heres S, Davis J, Maino K, Jetzinger E, Kissling W, Leucht S (2006) Why olanzapine beats risperidone, risperidone beats quetiapine, and quetiapine beats olanzapine: An exploratory analysis of head-to-head comparison studies of second-generation antipsychotics. Am J Psychiatr. 163:185-194. (Pubitemid 44480836)
24. Ioannidis JP (2008) Some main problems eroding the credibility and relevance of randomized trials. Bull Hosp Jt Dis. 66:135-139.
25. Ioannidis JP (2005) Why most published research findings are false. PLoS Med. 2:696-701.
26. Jones PB, Barnes TRE, Davies L, Dunn G, Lloyd H, Hayhurst KP, Murray RM, Markwick A, Lewis SW (2006) Randomized controlled trial of the effect on quality of life of second- vs first-generation antipsychotic drugs in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 63:1079-1087.
27. Kahneman D, Krueger AB, Schkade DA, Schwartz N, Stone AA (2006)Would you be happier if you were richer? A focusing illusion. Science. 312:1908-1910. (Pubitemid 43993708)
28. Kahneman D, Slovic P, Tversky A (1982) Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. New York: Cambridge University Press.
29. Lacasse JR, Leo J (2005) Serotonin and depression: a disconnect between the advertisements and the scientific literature. PLoS Med. 2:1211-1216. (Pubitemid 43020975)
30. Lieberman JA, Stroup TS, McEvoy JP, Swartz MS, Rosenheck RA, Perkins DO, Keefe RS, Davis SM, Davis CE, Lebowitz BD, Severe J, Hsiao JK (2005) Effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs in patients with chronic schizophrenia. N Engl J Med. 353:209-223.
31. Lombrozo T (2006) The structure and function of explanations. Trends Cogn Sci. 10:464-470.
32. Lombrozo T (2007) Simplicity and probability in causal explanation. Cogn Psychol. 55:232-257.
33. Makhinson M (2010) Biases in prescribing: The case of second-generation antipsychotics. J Psychiatr Pract. 16:15-21.
34. McClure SM, Li J, Tomlin D, Montague LM, Montague PR (2004) Neural correlates of behavioral preference for culturally familiar drinks. Neuron. 44:379-387. (Pubitemid 39346259)
35. McHenry LB, Jureidini JN (2008) Industry-sponsored ghostwriting in clinical trial reporting: a case study. Account Res. 15:152-167.
36. Medical Research Council Streptomycin in Tuberculosis Trials Committee (1948) Streptomycin treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis. BMJ. ii:769-782.
37. Mellers B, Hertwig R, Kahneman D (2001) Do frequency representations eliminate conjunction effects? An exercise in adversarial collaboration. Psychol Sci. 2:269-275. (Pubitemid 33653280)
38. Messick DM, Sentis KP (1979) Fairness and preference. J Exp Soc Psychol. 15:418-434.
39. Meyer JM, Davis VG, Goff DC, McEvoy JP, Nasrallah HA, Davis SM, Rosenheck RA, Daumit GL, Hsiao J, Swartz MS, Stroup TS, Lieberman JA (2008) Change in metabolic syndrome parameters with antipsychotic treatment in the CATIE Schizophrenia Trial: Prospective data from Phase 1. Schizophr Res. 101: 273-286.
40. Milgram S (1963) Behavioral study of obedience. J Abnorm Soc Psychol. 67: 371-378.
41. Milrod B, Leon AC, Busch F, Rudden M, Schwalberg M, Clarkin J, Aronson A, Singer M, Turchin W, Klass ET, Graf E, Teres JJ, Shear MK (2007) A randomized controlled clinical trial of psychoanalytic psychotherapy for panic disorder. Am J Psychiatr. 164:265-272.
42. Mitte K (2005) A meta-analysis of the efficacy of psycho- and pharmacotherapy in panic disorder with and without agoraphobia. J Affect Disord. 88:27-45.
43. Nelson A (Ed) (2006) A companion to rationalism. New York: Wiley-Blackwell.
44. Nickerson RS (1998) Confirmation bias: A ubiquitous phenomenon in many guises. Rev Gen Psychol. 2:175-220.
45. Peterson M (2009) An introduction to decision theory. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
46. Rangel A, Camerer C, Montague PR (2008) A framework for studying the neurobiology of value-based decision making. Nat Rev Neurosci. 9:545-556. (Pubitemid 351873461)
47. Richmond J, Sowerby P, Colombo M, Hayne H (2004) The effect of familiarization time, retention interval, and context change on adults' performance in the visual paired-comparison task. Dev Psychobiol. 44:146-155. (Pubitemid 38270597)
48. Ross JS, Mulvey GK, Hines EM, Nissen SE, Krumholz HM (2009) Trial publication after registration in clinicaltrials.gov: a cross-sectional analysis. PLoS Med. 6:e1000144.
49. Rush AJ, Trivedi MH,Wisniewski SR, Stewart JW, Nierenberg AA, Thase ME, Ritz L, Biggs MM, Warden D, Luther JF, Shores-Wilson K, Niederehe G, Fava M; STAR*D Study Team (2006) Evaluation of outcomes with citalopram for depression using measurement-based care in STAR*D: implications for clinical practice. Am J Psychiatry. 163:28-40. (Pubitemid 43050100)
50. Sachs GS, Thase ME, Otto MW, Bauer M, Miklowitz D, Wisniewski SR, Lavori P, Lebowitz B, Rudorfer M, Frank E, Nierenberg AA, Fava M, Bowden C, Ketter T, Marangell L, Calabrese J, Kupfer D, Rosenbaum JF (2003) Rationale, design, and methods of the systematic treatment enhancement program for bipolar disorder (STEP-BD). Biol Psychiatry. 53:1028-1042. (Pubitemid 36645233)
51. Schkade DA, Kahneman D (1998) Does living in California make people happy? A focusing illusion in judgments of life satisfaction. Psychol Sci. 9:340-346.
52. Schneider LS, Dagerman KS, Insel P (2005) Risk of death with atypical antipsychotic drug treatment for dementia: Metaanalysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. JAMA. 294:1934-1943. (Pubitemid 41464695)
53. Schneider LS, Tariot PN, Dagerman KS, Davis SM, Hsiao JK, Ismail MS, Lebowitz BD, Lyketsos CG, Ryan JM, Stroup TS, Sultzer DL, Weintraub D, Lieberman JA; CATIE-AD Study Group (2006) Effectiveness of atypical antipsychotic drugs in patients with Alzheimer's disease. N Engl J Med. 355:1525-1538. (Pubitemid 44547805)
54. Sismondo S (2007) Ghost Management: How much of the medical literature is shaped behind the scenes by the pharmaceutical Industry? PLoS Med. 4: 1429-1434.
55. Slovic P, Finucane M, Peters E, MacGregor DG (2002) Rational actors or rational fools: implications of the affect heuristic for behavioral economics. J Socioecon. 31:329-342.
56. Slovic P, Monahan J, MacGregor DJ (2000) Violence risk assessment and risk communication: the effects of using actual cases, providing instruction, and employing probability versus frequency formats. Law Hum Behav. 24:271-296. (Pubitemid 30346643)
57. Steinman MA, Shlipak MG, McPhee SJ (2001) Of principles and pens: Attitudes of medicine housestaff toward pharmaceutical industry promotions. Am J Med. 110:551-557.
58. Tatsioni A, Bonitsis NG, Ioannidis JPA (2007) Persistence of contradicted claims in the literature. JAMA. 298:2517-2526. (Pubitemid 350223538)
59. Tsapakis EM, Soldani F, Tondo L, Baldessarini RJ (2008) Efficacy of antidepressants in juvenile depression: meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry. 193:10-17. (Pubitemid 351946803)
60. Turner EH, Matthews AM, Linardatos E, Tell RA, Rosenthal R (2008) Selective publication of antidepressant trials and its influence on apparent efficacy. N Engl J Med. 358:252-260.
61. Walsh BT, Kaplan AS, Attia E, Olmsted M, Parides M, Carter JC, Pike KM, Devlin MJ, Woodside B, Roberto CA, Rockert W (2006) Fluoxetine after weight restoration in anorexia nervosa: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 295: 2605-2612. (Pubitemid 43882335)
62. Watanabe N, Hunot V, Omori M, Churchill R, Furukawa TA (2007) Psychotherapy for depression among children and adolescents: A systematic review. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 116:84-95. (Pubitemid 47076273)
63. Weinstein ND (1980) Unrealistic optimism about future life events. J Pers Soc Psychol. 39:806-820.
64. Williams JW, Ranney L, Morgan LC, Whitener L (2009) How reviews covered the unfolding scientific story of gabapentin for bipolar disorder. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 31:279-287
65. Woloshin S, Schwartz LM, Black WC, Welch HG (1999) Women's perceptions of breat cancer risk: how you ask matters. Med Decis Making. 19:221-229.
66. Zajonc RB (1980) Feeling and thinking: Preferences need no inferences. Am Psychol. 35:151-175.