Toward a research and action agenda on urban planning/design and health equity in cities in low and middle-income countries

Journal of Urban Health

Volumn 88, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 875-885

  Smit, Warren ^a   Hancock, Trevor ^b   Kumaresen, Jacob ^c   Santos Burgoa, Carlos ^d   Meneses, Raúl Sánchez Kobashi ^e   Friel, Sharon ^f  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN   (South Africa)

^b UNIVERSITY OF VICTORIA   (Canada)

^c WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION   (Switzerland)

^d PAN AMERICAN HEALTH ORGANIZATION   (United States)

^e Ministry of Health   (Mexico)

^f UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Evidence; Health inequity; Urban health; Urban planning

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CITY PLANNING; DEVELOPING COUNTRY; HEALTH; HEALTH DISPARITY; METHODOLOGY; RESEARCH;

CITY PLANNING; DEVELOPING COUNTRIES; HEALTH STATUS DISPARITIES; RESEARCH; RESEARCH DESIGN; URBAN HEALTH;

EID: 84855310184     PISSN: 10993460     EISSN: 14682869     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11524-011-9605-2     Document Type: Review

References (83)

1. Boarnet M. Planning's role in building healthy cities. J Am Plann Assoc. 2006; 72(1): 6-9.
2. Diez Roux AV. Residential environments and cardiovascular risk. J Urban Health. 2003; 80(4): 569-589. (Pubitemid 38146222)
3. Galea S, Vlahov D. Urban health: evidence, challenges, and directions. Annu Rev Publ Health. 2005; 26: 341-365. (Pubitemid 40547388)
4. Harpham T. Urban health in developing countries: what do we know and where do we go? Health Place. 2009; 15: 107-116.
5. McMichael AJ. The urban environment and health in a world of increasing globalization: issues for developing countries. B World Health Organ. 2000; 78(9): 79-87.
6. Vlahov D, Freudenberg N, Proietti F, et al. Urban as a determinant of health. J Urban Health. 2007; 84(1): i16-i26. (Pubitemid 46791019)
7. Vlahov D, Galea S. Urbanization, urbanicity, and health. J Urban Health. 2002; 79(4 suppl 1): S1-S12. (Pubitemid 36076515)
8. Fry S, Cousins B, Olivola K. Health of Children Living in Urban Slums in Asia and the Near East: Review of Existing Literature and Data. Washington, DC: Environmental Health Project, United States Agency for International Development; 2002.
9. World Health Organization. Community Contribution to TB Care. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2003.
10. Unger A, Riley LW. Slum health: from understanding to action. PLoS Med. 2007; 4(10): 1561-1566. (Pubitemid 350035443)
11. Barten F, Akerman M, Becker D, et al. Rights, Knowledge, and Governance for Improved Health Equity in Urban Settings. J Urban Health. 2011;5. doi:10.1007/s11524-011-9608-z
12. Corburn J. Confronting the challenges in reconnecting urban planning and public health. Am J Public Health. 2004; 94(4): 541-549.
13. Barton H. Land use planning and health and well-being. Land Use Policy. 2009; 26S: S115-S123.
14. Barton H, Tsourou C. Healthy Urban Planning: A WHO Guide to Planning for People. London, England: Spon Press; 2000.
15. Corburn J. Toward the Healthy City: People, Places, and the Politics of Urban Planning. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 2009.
16. Duhl LJ, Sanchez AK. Healthy Cities and the City Planning Process: A Background Document on Links Between Health and Urban Planning. Copenhagen, Denmark: World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe; 1999.
17. Frank LD, Kavage S. Urban planning and public health: a story of separation and reconnection. J Publ Health Manag Pract. 2008; 14(3): 214-220. (Pubitemid 351543090)
18. Hancock T. Planning and creating healthy and sustainable cities: the challenge for the 21st century. In: Price C, Tsouros A, eds. Our Cities, our Future: Policies and Action Plans for Health and Sustainable Development. Copenhagen, Denmark: World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe; 1996: 65-88.
19. Jackson LE. The relationship of urban design to human health and condition. Landsc Urban Plan. 2003; 64: 191-200. (Pubitemid 36796881)
20. Sloane DC. From congestion to sprawl: planning and health in historical context. J Am Plann Assoc. 2006; 72(1): 10-18.
21. Wilson S, Hutson M, Mujahid M. How planning and zoning contribute to inequitable development, neighborhood health, and environmental injustice. Environ Justice. 2008; 1 (4): 211-216.
22. UN-HABITAT. State of the World's Cities 2008/2009: Harmonious Cities. London, England: Earthscan; 2008.
23. Bashir SA. Home is where the harm is: inadequate housing as a public health crisis. Am J Publ Health. 2002; 92: 733-738. (Pubitemid 34441621)
24. Hardoy JE, Cairncross S, Satterthwaite D. The Poor Die Young: Housing and Health in Third World Cities. London, England: Earthscan; 1990.
25. Ranson R. Healthy Housing: A Practical Guide. London, England: E&FN Spon; 1991.
26. Thomson H, Petticrew M, Morrison D. Health effects of housing improvement: systematic review of intervention studies. Br Med J. 2001; 323: 187-190. (Pubitemid 32682087)
27. World Health Organization. Health Principles of Housing. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 1989.
28. Sclar ED, Garau P, Carolini G. The 21st century health challenge of slums and cities. Lancet. 2005; 365: 901-903. (Pubitemid 40332169)
29. Amis P. Rethinking UK aid in urban India: reflections on an impact assessment study of slum improvement projects. Environ Urban. 2001; 13(1): 101-113. (Pubitemid 32459565)
30. Barrett A. Poverty reduction in India: towards building successful slum-upgrading strategies. Paper presented at the World Bank South Asian Urban and City Management Course; January 2000; Goa, India.
31. Majale M. An integrated approach to urban housing development: has a case been made? Paper presented at Urban Research Symposium 2003: "Urban Development for Economic Growth and Poverty Reduction;" December 15-17, 2003; World Bank, Washington, D.C
32. Smit W. The impact of the transition from informal housing to formalized housing in low-income housing projects in South Africa. Paper presented at the Nordic Africa Institute Conference on "The Formal and the Informal City - What Happens at the Interface?" June 15-18, 2000; Copenhagen, Denmark.
33. Smit W. Understanding the complexities of informal settlements: insights from Cape Town. In: Huchzermeyer M, Karam A, eds. Informal Settlements: A Perpetual Challenge? Cape Town, South Africa: Juta; 2006: 103-125.
34. UN-HABITAT State of the World's Cities 2010/2011: Bridging the Urban Divide. London, England: Earthscan; 2010.
35. Pirie GH. On spatial justice. Environ Plann A. 1983; 15(4): 465-473.
36. Malhotra S. Population health through inclusive urban planning: healthier communities and sustainable urban development in Indian cities. Sustainable Dev Law Policy. 2010; 11(1): 51-74.
37. Palmer Development Group, Stephen Berrisford Consulting and the African Centre for Cities. The Economic and Fiscal Costs of Inefficient Land Use Patterns in South Africa. Pretoria, South Africa: Finance and Fiscal Commission; 2011.
38. UN-HABITAT Planning Sustainable Cities: Global Report on Human Settlements 2009. Nairobi, Kenya: UN-HABITAT; 2009.
39. UN-HABITAT Inclusive and Sustainable Urban Planning: A Guide for Municipalities. Nairobi, Kenya: UN-HABITAT; 2007.
40. UN-HABITAT State of the World's Cities 2010/2011: Bridging the Urban Divide. London, England: Earthscan; 2010.
41. Clinton Climate Initiative. Combating climate change. http://www.clintonfoundation.org/what-we-do/clinton-climate-initiative/. Published 2011. Accessed May 18, 2011.
42. World Bank. Eco Cities: Ecological Cities as Economic Cities. Washington, D.C: World Bank; 2010.
43. World Health Organization. Facts about injuries: preventing global injuries. www.who.int/violence-injury-prevention/resources/publications/en/ injury-factsheet.pdf. Accessed May 18, 2011.
44. Liebermann S. Crime, Place and People in South African Urban Environments: The Role of Urban Environmental Design and Planning in Crime and Violence Reduction Strategies. Pretoria, South Africa: CSIR Building and Construction Technology; 2003.
45. Newman O. Defensible Space: Crime Prevention Through Urban Design. New York, NY: McMillan; 1986.
46. Moudon A, ed. Public Streets for Public Use. New York, NY: Van Nostrand-Reinhold; 1987.
47. Evans GW. The built environment and mental health. J Urban Health. 2003; 80(4): 536-555. (Pubitemid 38146220)
48. Kuo FE. The role of arboriculture in a healthy social ecology. J Arboricult. 2003; 29(3): 148-155.
49. Mitchell R, Popham F. Effect of exposure to natural environment on health inequalities: an observational population study. Lancet. 2008; 372: 1655-1660.
50. Mileti D, ed. Disasters by Design: A Reassessment of Natural Hazards in the United States. Washington, D.C: Joseph Henry Press; 1999.
51. Friel S, Hancock T, Kjellstrom T, McGranahan G, Monge P, Roy J. Urban Health Inequities and the Added Pressure of Climate Change: An Action-Oriented Research Agenda. J Urban Health. 2011;5. doi:10.1007/s11524-011-9607-0
52. Godschalk DR. Urban hazard mitigation: creating resilient cities. Nat Hazards Rev. 2003; 4(3): 136-143. (Pubitemid 36940795)
53. World Health Organization. Air Quality and Health. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2010.
54. Frumkin H. Urban sprawl and public health. Publ Health Rep. 2002; 117(3): 201-217. (Pubitemid 35351230)
55. Arnold CL, Gibbons CJ. Impervious surface coverage. J Am Plann Assoc. 1996; 62(2): 243-258.
56. Construction Industry Research and Information Association. Sustainable urban drainage systems: best practice manual. CIRIA C523. London, Construction Industry Research and Information Association; 2001.
57. United States Environmental Protection Agency. Reducing Urban Heat Islands: Compendium of Strategies. Washington, DC: United States Environmental Protection Agency; 2008. http://www.epa.gov/heatislands/resources/compendium.htm
58. Doak CM, Adair LS, Bentley M, Monteiro C, Popkin BM. The dual burden household and the nutrition transition paradox. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2004; 29: 129-136. (Pubitemid 40065475)
59. Pothukuchi K, Kaufman JL. Placing the food system on the urban agenda: the role of municipal institutions in food systems planning. Agr Hum Values. 1999; 16: 213-224.
60. Pothukuchi K, Kaufman JL. The food system: a stranger to the planning field. J Am Plann Assoc. 2000; 66(2): 113-124. (Pubitemid 30343695)
61. Moore LV, Diez Roux AV. Associations of neighborhood characteristics with the location and type of food stores. Am J Publ Health. 2006; 96(2): 325-331. (Pubitemid 43167133)
62. Morland K, Wing S, Diez Roux AV. Neighborhood characteristics associated with the location of food stores and food service places. Am J Prev Med. 2002; 22: 23-29. (Pubitemid 34037008)
63. Pearce J, Hiscock R, Blakely T, Witten K. The contextual effects of neighbourhood access to supermarkets and convenience stores on individual fruit and vegetable consumption. J Epidemiol Commun H. 2008; 62: 198-201. (Pubitemid 351288145)
64. Altieri MA, Companioni N, Cañizares K, et al. The greening of the 'barrios': urban agriculture for food security in Cuba. Agr Hum Values. 1999; 16: 131-140.
65. Dixon J, Omwega AM, Friel S, Burns C, Donati K, Carlisle R. The health equity dimensions of urban food systems. J Urban Health. 2007; 84(1): 118-129.
66. Turner A. The Cities of the Poor: Settlement Planning in Developing Countries. London, England: Croom Helm; 1980.
67. Ashe M, Jernigan D, Kline R, Galaz R. Land use planning and the control of alcohol, tobacco, firearms, and fast food restaurants. Am J Publ Health. 2003; 93: 1404-1408. (Pubitemid 38477658)
68. Atkinson S. Approaches and actors in urban food security in developing countries. Habitat Int. 1995; 19(2): 151-163. (Pubitemid 26428938)
69. Mayosi BM, Flisher AJ, Lalloo UG, Sitas F, Tollman SM, Bradshaw D. The burden of non-communicable diseases in South Africa. Lancet. 2009; 374(9693): 934-947.
70. Food and Agriculture Organization. The nutrition transition and obesity. www.fao.org/FOCUS/E/obesity/obes2.htm. Accessed May 18, 2011.
71. Cavill N, Kahlmeier S, Racioppi F. Physical Activity and Health in Europe: Evidence for Action. Copenhagen, Denmark: World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe; 2006.
72. Edwards P, Tsouros AD. A Healthy City is an Active City: A Physical Activity Planning Guide. Copenhagen, Denmark: World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe; 2008.
73. Edwards P, Tsouros AD. Promoting Physical Activity and Active Living in Urban Environments: The Role of Local Governments. The Solid Facts. Copenhagen, Denmark: World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe; 2006.
74. Handy SL, Boarnet MG, Ewing R, Killingsworth RE. How the built environment affects physical activity: views from urban planning. Am J Prev Med. 2002; 23(suppl 2): 64-73. (Pubitemid 34831674)
75. Sanyal S, Nagrath S, Singla G. The Alternative Urban Futures Report: Urbanisation and Sustainability in India: An Interdependent Agenda. New Delhi, India: World Wide Fund for Nature India; 2008.
76. Ortiz-Hernández L. Disparidad socioeconómica en la disponibilidad de infrastructura para actividad física deportiva en los municipios de México. Rev Salud Publ Nutr. 2006; 6(4).
77. Ball K, Bauman A, Leslie E, Owen N. Perceived environmental aesthetics and convenience and company are associated with walking for exercise among Australian adults. Prev Med. 2001; 33: 434-440. (Pubitemid 33035786)
78. DeBourdeaudhuij ID, Sallis JF, Saelens B. Environmental correlates of physical activity in a sample of Belgian adults. Am J Health Promot. 2003; 18(1): 83-92. (Pubitemid 37122271)
79. Eubank-Ahrens B. A closer look at the users of Woonerven. In: Moudon A, ed. Public Streets for Public Use. New York, NY: Van Nostrand-Reinhold; 1987.
80. Frank LD, Sallis JF, Conway TL, Chapman JE, Saelens BE, Bachman W. Many pathways to health: associations between neighborhood walkability and active transportation, body mass index, and pollutant emissions. J Am Plann Assoc. 2006; 72(1): 75-87.
81. Macbeth AG. Bicycle lanes in Toronto. ITE J. April 1999: 38-46.
82. Painter K. The influence of street lighting improvements on crime, fear and pedestrian street use, after dark. Landsc Urban Plan. 1996; 35: 193-201. (Pubitemid 26369064)
83. Sallis JF, Frank LD, Saelens BE, Kraft KM. Active transportation and physical activity: opportunities for collaboration on transportation and public health research. Transport Res A-Pol. 2004; 38: 249-268. (Pubitemid 38356041)