Ultrahigh energy gap hosts in deep blue organic electrophosphorescent devices

Chemistry of Materials

Volumn 16, Issue 23, 2004, Pages 4743-4747

  Ren, Xiaofan ^a   Li, Jian ^a   Holmes, Russell J ^b   Djurovich, Peter I ^a   Forrest, Stephen R ^b   Thompson, Mark E ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b Princeton University   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ENERGY TRANSFER; LIGHT EMITTING DIODES; PHOTOOXIDATION; QUANTUM EFFICIENCY; SEMICONDUCTING ORGANIC COMPOUNDS;

ELECTROPHOSPHORESCENT DEVICES; EMISSIVE LAYERS; HOST MATERIALS;

ENERGY GAP;

9,9 SPIROBISILAANTHRACENE; [DIPHENYL (O TOLYL) SILANE]; DIPHENYLMETHANE; ORGANOSILICON DERIVATIVE; PHOSPHORUS; SPIRO COMPOUND; TRIPHENYLSILYL BENZENE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ARTICLE; CHEMICAL STRUCTURE; ELECTRON TRANSPORT; ELECTROPHORESIS; ENERGY TRANSFER; LIGHT EMITTING DIODE; PHOSPHORESCENCE; PHOTOOXIDATION; QUANTUM YIELD;

EID: 8444252978     PISSN: 08974756     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/cm049402m     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Baldo, M. A.; O'Brien, D. F.; You, Y.; Shoustikov, A.; Sibley, S.; Thompson, M. E.; Forrest, S. R. Nature (London) 1998, 395, 151.
2. (b) Cleave, V.; Yahioglu, G.; Le Barny, P.; Friend, R.; Tessler, N. Adv. Mater. 1999, 11, 285.
3. Adachi, C.; Baldo, M. A.; Forrest, S. R.; Thompson, M. E. J. Appl. Phys. 2001, 90, 4058.
4. (b) Ikai, M.; Tokito, S.; Sakamoto, Y.; Suzuki, T.; Taga, Y. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2001, 79, 156.
5. (c) Adachi, C.; Lamansky, S.; Baldo, M. A.; Kwong, R. C.; Thompson, M. E.; Forrest, S. R. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2001, 78, 1622.
6. Holmes, R. J.; Forrest, S. R.; Tung, Y.-J.; Kwong, R. C.; Brown, J. J.; Garon, S.; Thompson, M. E. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2003, 82, 2422.
7. O'Brien, D. F.; Baldo, M. A.; Thompson, M. E.; Forrest, S. R. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1999, 74, 442.
8. (b) Burrows, P. E.; Forrest, S. R.; Zhou, T. X.; Michalski, L. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2000, 76, 2493.
9. Adamovich, V.; Brooks, J.; Tamayo, A.; Alexander, A. M.; Djurovich, P. I.; D'Andrade, B. W.; Adachi, C.; Forrest, S. R.; Thompson, M. E. New J. Chem. 2002, 26, 1171.
10. (b) Thoms, T.; Okada, S.; Chen, J.-P.; Furugori, M. Thin Solid Films 2003, 436, 264.
11. An mCP-FIr6-based device is a good illustration of the problems associated with having host triplet energies that are close to the phosphor energy and closely matched host-dopant HOMO levels. Optimized devices with mCP-FIr6 emissive layers give peak efficiencies of only 2.9%, compared to nearly 11% for devices that have both high host triplet energy and a HOMO energy roughly 1 eV below that of FIr6 (see ref 8). The device data for the mCP-FIr6-based devices are given in the Supporting Information.
12. Kang, T.-S.; Harrison, B. S.; Foley, T. J.; Knefely, A. S.; Boncella, J. M.; Reynolds, J. R.; Schanze, K. S. Adv. Mater. 2003, 15, 1093.
13. (b) Goes, M.; Verhoeven, J. W.; Hofstraat, H.; Brunner, K. Chem. Phys. Chem. 2003, 4, 349.
14. Holmes, R. J.; D'Andrade, B. W.; Forrest, S. R.; Ren, X.; Li, J.; Thompson, M. E. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2003, 83, 3818.
15. Li, J.; Djurovich, P. I.; Alleyne, B. D.; Tsyba, I.; Ho, N. N.; Bau, R.; Thompson, M. E. Polyhedron 2004, 23, 419-428.
16. Uchida, M.; Izumizawa, T.; Nakano, T.; Yamaguchi, S.; Tamao, K.; Furukawa, K. Chem. Mater. 2001, 13, 2680.
17. (b) Chen, L. H.; Lee, R. H.; Hsieh, C. F.; Yeh, H. C.; Chen, C. T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 6469.
18. 2 would be a poor host material for blue phosphorescent OLEDs and a good host for green devices. Matsushita, T.; Uchida, M. J. Photopolym. Sci. Technol. 2003, 16, 315-316.
19. 3 = aluminium tris(8-hydroxyquinolate).
20. D'Andrade, B. W.; Forrest, S. R.; Chwang, A. B. Appl Phys. Lett. 2003, 83, 3858.
21. Tokito, S.; Tanaka, H.; Noda, K.; Okada, A.; Taga, T. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1997, 70, 1929.
22. Lamansky, S.; Kwong, R. C.; Nugent, M.; Djurovich, P. I.; Thompson, M. E. Org. Electron. 2001, 2, 53. Lamansky, S.; Djurovich, P. I.; Abdel-Razzaq, F.; Garon, S.; Murphy, D.; Thompson, M. E. J. Appl. Phys. 2002, 92, 1570. He, G.; Li, Y.; Liu, J.; Yang, Y. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2002, 80, 4247. Mwaura, J. K.; Knefely, A. S.; Schanze, K. S.; Boncella, J. M.; Reynolds, J. R. Polym. Prepr. (Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Polym. Chem.) 2004, 45, 907.
23. Lamansky, S.; Kwong, R. C.; Nugent, M.; Djurovich, P. I.; Thompson, M. E. Org. Electron. 2001, 2, 53. Lamansky, S.; Djurovich, P. I.; Abdel-Razzaq, F.; Garon, S.; Murphy, D.; Thompson, M. E. J. Appl. Phys. 2002, 92, 1570. He, G.; Li, Y.; Liu, J.; Yang, Y. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2002, 80, 4247. Mwaura, J. K.; Knefely, A. S.; Schanze, K. S.; Boncella, J. M.; Reynolds, J. R. Polym. Prepr. (Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Polym. Chem.) 2004, 45, 907.
24. Lamansky, S.; Kwong, R. C.; Nugent, M.; Djurovich, P. I.; Thompson, M. E. Org. Electron. 2001, 2, 53. Lamansky, S.; Djurovich, P. I.; Abdel-Razzaq, F.; Garon, S.; Murphy, D.; Thompson, M. E. J. Appl. Phys. 2002, 92, 1570. He, G.; Li, Y.; Liu, J.; Yang, Y. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2002, 80, 4247. Mwaura, J. K.; Knefely, A. S.; Schanze, K. S.; Boncella, J. M.; Reynolds, J. R. Polym. Prepr. (Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Polym. Chem.) 2004, 45, 907.
25. Lamansky, S.; Kwong, R. C.; Nugent, M.; Djurovich, P. I.; Thompson, M. E. Org. Electron. 2001, 2, 53. Lamansky, S.; Djurovich, P. I.; Abdel-Razzaq, F.; Garon, S.; Murphy, D.; Thompson, M. E. J. Appl. Phys. 2002, 92, 1570. He, G.; Li, Y.; Liu, J.; Yang, Y. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2002, 80, 4247. Mwaura, J. K.; Knefely, A. S.; Schanze, K. S.; Boncella, J. M.; Reynolds, J. R. Polym. Prepr. (Am. Chem. Soc., Div. Polym. Chem.) 2004, 45, 907.
26. 2.
27. Shizuka, H.; Yamaji, M. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 2000, 73, 267.
28. Bliznyuk, V. N.; Carter, S. A.; Scott, J. C.; Klarner, G.; Miller, R. D.; Miller, D. C. Macromolecules 1999, 32, 361.
29. Gilman, H.; Smart, R. G. N. J. Org. Chem. 1950, 15, 720.
30. Wittenberg, D.; Wu, T. C.; Gilman, H. J. Org. Chem. 1958, 23, 1898.
31. El-Attar, A. A.; Cerny, M. Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun. 1975, 40, 2806.
32. Van Beelen, D. C.; Van Rijn, J.; Heringa, K. D.; Wolters, J.; De Vos, D. Main Group Met. Chem. 1997, 20, 37.
33. (b) Bickelhaupt, F.; Jongsma, C.; De Koe, P.; Lourens, R.; Mast, N. R.; Van Mourik, G. L. Tetrahedron 1976, 32, 1921.
34. Drive, M. S.; Hartwig, J. F. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 7217.
35. (b) Wolre, J. P.; Wagaw, S.; Buchwald, S. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 7215.
36. Schmidbauer, H.; Letterbauer, J.; Kumberger, O.; Lachmann, L.; Muller, Z. Z. Naturforsch. 1991, 466, 1065.
37. Hill, I. G.; Kahn, A. J. Appl. Phys. 1999, 86, 4515.