The role of cytology in oral lesions: A review of recent improvements

Diagnostic Cytopathology

Volumn 40, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 73-83

  Mehrotra, Ravi ^a  

^a MLN MEDICAL COLLEGE   (India)

Author keywords

brush biopsy; cancer; DNA ploidy; oral cytology; precursor lesions

Indexed keywords

ACRIDINE ORANGE; CELL DNA; FRAGILE HISTIDINE TRIAD PROTEIN; MELANOMA ANTIGEN 3; MOLECULAR MARKER;

ARTICLE; CANCER CELL; CANCER SCREENING; COMPUTER ASSISTED DIAGNOSIS; CYTOPATHOLOGY; DIAGNOSTIC ERROR; DNA DETERMINATION; EPITHELIUM CELL; EPSTEIN BARR VIRUS INFECTION; HAIRY LEUKOPLAKIA; HUMAN; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY; MORPHOMETRICS; MOUTH CANCER; NANOCHIP; NASOPHARYNX CARCINOMA; NONHUMAN; ORAL BIOPSY; ORAL SURGERY; OROPHARYNX CARCINOMA; PAPANICOLAOU TEST; PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION; PEMPHIGUS; PEMPHIGUS VULGARIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECURRENT CANCER; SALIVA ANALYSIS; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; THRUSH; TISSUE SECTION; UTERINE CERVIX CYTOLOGY; UTERINE CERVIX DYSPLASIA;

CARCINOMA, SQUAMOUS CELL; CYTODIAGNOSIS; HUMANS; MOUTH NEOPLASMS;

EID: 84155172527     PISSN: 87551039     EISSN: 10970339     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/dc.21581     Document Type: Article

References (90)

1. Shah JP, Johnson NW, Batsakis JG,. Oral cancer. United Kingdom: Martin Dunitz; 2003.
2. American Cancer Society. Cancer facts & figures 2010. 2010. Available at:. Accessed July 22, 2010.
3. Thomson PJ, Hamadah O,. Cancerisation within the oral cavity: The use of 'field mapping biopsies' in clinical management. Oral Oncol 2007; 43: 20-26. (Pubitemid 46162244)
4. Johnson NW,. Orofacial neoplasms: Global epidemiology, risk factors and recommendations for research. Int Dent J 1991; 41: 365-375.
5. Pindborg JJ, Reichart PA, Smith CJ, Van Der Waal I,. Histological typing of cancer and precancer of the oral mucosa. World Health Organisation. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 1997. p 21-314.
6. Warnakulasuriya S, Reibel J, Bouquot D, Dabelsteen E,. Oral epithelial dysplasia classification systems: Predictive value, utility, weaknesses and scope for improvement. J Oral Pathol Med. 2008; 37: 127-133. (Pubitemid 351178405)
7. Kujan O, Khattab A, Oliver RJ, Roberts SA, Thakker N, Sloan P,. Why oral histopathology suffers inter-observer variability on grading oral epithelial dysplasia: An attempt to understand the sources of variation. Oral Oncol 2007; 43: 224-231. (Pubitemid 46228016)
8. Lee JJ, Hung HC, Cheng SJ, et al. Factors associated with underdiagnosis from incisional biopsy of oral leukoplakic lesions. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2007; 104: 217-225.
9. Holmstrup P, Vedtofte P, Reibel J, Stoltze K,. Oral premalignant lesions: Is a biopsy reliable? J Oral Pathol Med 2007; 36: 262-266. (Pubitemid 46632607)
10. Driemel O, Kunkel M, Hullmann M, et al. Diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma and its precursor lesions. J German Soc Derm 2007; 5: 1095-1100. (Pubitemid 350239465)
11. Moralis A, Kunkel M, Reichert TE, Kosmehl H, Driemel O,. Identification of a recurrent oral squamous cell carcinoma by brush cytology. Mund Kiefer Gesichtschirurgie 2007; 11: 355-358.
12. Jones AC, Pink FE, Sandow PL, Stewart CM, Migliorati CA, Baughman RA,. The Cytobrush Plus cell collector in oral cytology. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1994; 77: 95-99.
13. Remmerbach TW, Meyer-Ebrecht D, Aach T, et al. Toward a multimodal cell analysis of brush biopsies for the early detection of oral cancer. Cancer Cytopathol 2009; 117: 228-235.
14. Sandler HC,. Veterans Administration cooperative study of oral exfoliative cytology. Acta Cytol 1963; 7: 180-182.
15. Murata PJ, Johnson RA, McNicoll KE,. Controlled evaluation of implementing the cytobrush technique to improve Papanicolaou smear quality. Obstet Gynecol 1990; 75: 690-695. (Pubitemid 20110193)
16. Boon ME, Alons-van Kordelaar JJM, Rietveld-Scheffers PEM,. Consequences of the introduction of combined spatula and cytobrush sampling for cervical cytology-Improvements in smear quality and detection rates. Acta Cytol 1986; 30: 264-270. (Pubitemid 16061832)
17. Burzlaff JB, Bohrer PL, Paiva RL, et al. Exposure to alcohol or tobacco affects the pattern of maturation in oral mucosal cells: A cytohistological study. Cytopathology 2007; 18: 367-375. (Pubitemid 350145657)
18. Navone R, Pentenero M, Rostan I, et al. Oral potentially malignant lesions: First-level micro-histological diagnosis from tissue fragments sampled in liquid-based diagnostic cytology. J Oral Pathol 2008; 37: 358-363. (Pubitemid 351814326)
19. Mehrotra R, Gupta A, Singh M, Ibrahim R,. Application of cytology and molecular biology in diagnosing premalignant or malignant oral lesions. Mol Cancer 2006; 5: 1-11.
20. Mehrotra R, Hullmann M, Smeets R, Reichert TE, Driemel O,. Oral cytology revisited. J Oral Pathol Med 2009; 38: 161-166.
21. Scheifele C,. Examination of sputum from case of cancer of the pharynx and adjacent parts. Arch Med 1860; 2: 44-46.
22. Papanicolaou GN, Traut HF,. Diagnosis of uterine cancer by the vaginal smear. New York: The Commonwealth Fund; 1943. p S1-S47.
23. Papanicolaou GN,. A survey of the actualities and potentialities of exfoliative cytology in cancer diagnosis. Ann Intern Med 1949; 31: 661-674.
24. Ziskin DE, Moulton R,. A comparison of oral and vaginal epithelial smears. J Clin Endocrinol 1948; 8: 146-165.
25. Montgomery PW, Haam von E,. A study of the exfoliative cytology in patients with carcinoma of the oral mucosa. J Dent Res 1951; 30: 308-313.
26. Hanks CT, Chaudhry AP, Neiders ME,. Reliability of exfoliative cytology in induced carcinoma in hamster's pouch. Acta Cytol 1969; 13: 94-98.
27. Salley JJ,. Experimental carcinogenesis in the cheek pouch of the Syrian hamster. J Dent Res 1954; 33: 253-262.
28. Stahl SS,. Exfoliative cytology in an experimentally induced carcinoma of the hamster cheek pouch. Acta Cytol 1963; 7: 262-267.
29. Gladstone SA,. Sponge biopsy in the diagnosis of the cancer in the mouth. J Oral Surg 1951; 9: 104-109.
30. Schneider G,. Krebserkennung und zytodiagnostik. Dtsch Zahnarztl Z 1952; 7: 1127-1143.
31. Cawson RA,. The cytological diagnosis of oral cancer. Br Dent J 1960; 19: 294-298.
32. King OH,. Intraoral exfoliative cytology techniques. Acta Cytol 1963; 7: 327-329.
33. Staats OJ, Goldsby JW,. Graphic comparison of intraoral exfoliative cytology technics. Acta Cytol 1963; 7: 107-110.
34. Sandler HC,. The cytologic diagnosis of tumors of the oral cavity. Acta Cytol 1964; 8: 114-120.
35. Dumbach J, Sitzmann F, Pesch HJ,. Diagnostisches Vorgehen bei Verdacht auf Malignom der Mundhö hle unter besonderer Berü cksichtigung der Exfoliativ-Zytolo-gie. Dtsch Zahnarztl Z 1981; 36: 697-700.
36. Sciubba JJ,. Improving detection of precancerous and cancerous oral lesions. Computer-assisted analysis of the oral brush biopsy. US Collaborative OralCDx Study Group. J Am Dent Assoc 1999; 130: 1445-1457.
37. Remmerbach TW, Weidenbach H, Pomjanski N, et al. Cytologic and DNA-cytometric early diagnosis of oral cancer. Anal Cell Pathol 2001; 22: 211-221. (Pubitemid 32960012)
38. Remmerbach TW, Weidenbach H, Muller C, et al. Diagnostic value of nucleolar organizer regions (AgNORs) in brush biopsies of suspicious lesions of the oral cavity. Anal Cell Pathol 2003; 25: 139-146. (Pubitemid 36693700)
39. Gupta A, Singh M, Ibrahim R, Mehrotra R,. Utility of toluidine blue staining and brush biopsy in precancerous and cancerous oral lesions. Acta Cytol 2007; 51: 788-794. (Pubitemid 47443614)
40. Driemel O, Dahse R, Berndt A, et al. High-molecular tenascin-C as an indicator of atypical cells in oral brush biopsies. Clin Oral Invest 2007; 11: 93-99.
41. Mehrotra R, Singh MK, Pandya S, Singh M,. The use of an oral brush biopsy without computer-assisted analysis in the evaluation of oral lesions: A study of 94 patients. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2008; 106: 246-253.
42. Roth D, Hayes RL, Ross NM, Gitman L, Kissin B,. Effectiveness of acridine-binding method in screening for oral, pharyngeal, and laryngeal cancer. Cancer 1972; 29: 1579-1583.
43. Abdel-Salam M, Mayall BH, Hansen LS, Chew KL, Greenspan JS,. Nuclear DNA analysis of oral hyperplasia and dysplasia using image cytometry. J Oral Pathol 1986; 16: 431-435.
44. Cowpe JG, Ogden GR, Green MW,. Comparison of planimetry and image analysis for the discrimination between normal and abnormal cells in cytological smears of suspicious lesions of the oral cavity. Cytopathology 1993; 4: 27-35. (Pubitemid 23058857)
45. Ramaesh MT, Ratanatunga TN,. Cytomorphometric analysis of squamous obtained from normal oral mucosa and lesions of oral leukoplakia and squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 1998; 27: 83-86.
46. Divani S, Exarhou M, Theodorou LN, Georgantzis D, Skoulakis H,. Advantages and difficulties of brush cytology in the identification of early oral cancer. Arch Oncol 2009; 17: 11-12.
47. Perez-Sayans M, Somoza-Martin J, Barros-Angueira F, et al. Exfoliative cytology for diagnosing oral cancer. Biotech Histochem 2009; 25: 1-11.
48. Folsom TC, White CP, Bromer L, Canby HF, Garrigton GE,. Oral exfoliative study. Review of the literature and report of a three-year study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1972; 33: 61-74.
49. Ogden GR, Cowpe JG, Green M,. Cytobrush and wooden spatula for oral exfoliative cytology. A comparison. Acta Cytol 1992; 36: 706-710.
50. Hullmann M, Reichert TE, Dahse R, et al. Orale Zytologie: Historische Entwicklung, aktueller Stand und Ausblick. Mund Kiefer Gesichtschir 2007; 11: 1-9.
51. Freitas MD, Garcia AG, Abelleira AC, Carneiro JLM, Rey JMG,. Aplicaciones de la citología exfoliativa en el diagnõstico del cáncer oral. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2004; 9: 355-361.
52. Walling DM, Flaitz CM, Adler-Storthz K, Nichols CM,. A non-invasive technique for studying oral epithelial Epstein-Barr virus infection and disease. Oral Oncol 2003; 39: 436-444. (Pubitemid 36579110)
53. Mehrotra Madhu R, Singh M,. Serial scrape smear cytology of radiation response in normal and malignant oral cells. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2004; 47: 497-502.
54. Mehrotra R, Goyal N, Singh M, Kumar D,. Radiation related cytological changes in oral malignant cells. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2004; 47: 343-347.
55. Hayama FH, Motta ACF, de Padua AGS, Migliari DA,. Liquid-based preparations versus conventional cytology: Specimen adequacy and diagnostic agreement in oral lesions. Med Oral Pathol Oral Cir Bucal 2005; 10: 115-122. (Pubitemid 40516482)
56. Navone R, Burlo P, Pich A, et al. The impact of liquid-based oral cytology on the diagnosis of oral squamous dysplasia and carcinoma. Cytopathology 2007; 18: 356-360. (Pubitemid 350145650)
57. Kujan O, Desai M, Sargent A, Bailey A, Turner A, Sloan P,. Potential applications of oral brush cytology with liquid-based technology: Results from a cohort of normal oral mucosa. Oral Oncology 2006; 42: 810-818. (Pubitemid 44307761)
58. Bhoopathi V, Kabani S, Mascarenhas AK,. Low positive predictive value of the oral brush biopsy in detecting dysplastic oral lesions. Cancer 2009; 115: 1036-1040.
59. Speight PM,. Update on oral epithelial dysplasia and progression to cancer. Head Neck Pathol 2007; 1: 61-66.
60. Scheifele C, Schmidt-Westhausen AM, Dietrich T, Reichart PA,. The sensitivity and specificity of the OralCDx technique. Oral Oncol 2004; 40: 824-828.
61. National Cancer Institute. Oral cancer screening (PDQ®) health professional version. 2010. Available at:. Accessed July 22, 2010.
62. Kosicki DM, Riva C, Pajarola GF, Burkhardt A, Grätz KW,. CDx-Bü rstenbiopsie-Ein Hilfsmittel zur Frü her-kennung des Mundhö hlenkarzinoms. Schweiz Monatsschr Zahnmed 2007; 117: 222-227.
63. Poate TW, Buchanan JA, Hodgson TA, et al. An audit of the efficacy of the oral brush biopsy technique in a specialist oral medicine unit. Oral Oncol 2004; 40: 829-834. (Pubitemid 39061100)
64. Svirsky JA, Burns JC, Carpenter WM, et al. Comparison of computer-assisted brush biopsy results with follow up scalpel biopsy and histology. Gen Dent 2002; 50: 500-503.
65. Mehrotra R, Chaudhary AK, Pandya S, Debnath S, Singh M,. Correlation of addictive factors, human papilloma virus infection and histopathology of oral submucous fibrosis. J Oral Pathol Med 2010; 39: 460-464.
66. Chaudhary AK, Singh M, Sundaram S, Mehrotra R,. Role of human papillomavirus and its detection in potentially malignant and malignant head and neck lesions: Updated review. Head Neck Oncol 2009; 1: 22.
67. McKaig RG, Baric RS, Olshan AF,. Human papillomavirus and head and neck cancer: Epidemiology and molecular biology. Head Neck 1998; 20: 250-265. (Pubitemid 28169738)
68. Chaudhary AK, Pandya S, Mehrotra R, Bharti AC, Singh M, Singh M,. Comparative study between the Hybrid Capture II test and PCR-based assay for the detection of human papillomavirus DNA in oral submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Virol J 2010; 7: 253.
69. Pai RK, Erickson J, Pourmand N, Kong CS,. p16(INK4A) immunohistochemical staining may be helpful in distinguishing branchial cleft cysts from cystic squamous cell carcinomas originating in the oropharynx. Cancer Cytopathol 2009; 117: 108-119.
70. Schimming R, Hlawitschka M, Haroske G, Eckelt U,. Prognostic relevance of DNA image cytometry in oral cavity carcinomas. Anal Quant Cytol Histol 1998; 20: 43-51. (Pubitemid 28096063)
71. Maraki D, Becker J, Böcking A,. Cytologic and DNA cytometry very early diagnosis of oral cancer. J Oral Pathol Med 2004; 33: 398-404. (Pubitemid 38988194)
72. Remmerbach TW, Mathes SN, Weidenbach H, Hemprich A, Böcking A,. Nichtinvasive Bürstenbiopsie als innovative Methode in der Frü herkennung des Mundhö hlenkarzinoms. Mund Kiefer Gesichtschir 2004; 8: 229-236.
73. Papamarkakis K, Bird B, Schubert JM, et al. Cytopathology by optical methods: Spectral cytopathology of the oral mucosa. Lab Invest 2010; 90: 589-598.
74. Metzler P, Mollaoglu N, Schwarz S, Neukam FW, Nkenke E, Ries J,. MAGE-A as a novel approach in the diagnostic accuracy of oral squamous cell cancer: A case report. Head Neck Oncol 2009; 1: 39.
75. Ries J, Vairaktaris E, Mollaoglu N, Wiltfang J, Neukam FW, Nkenke E,. Expression of melanoma-associated antigens in oral squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2008; 37: 88-93.
76. Hirshberg A, Yarom N, Amariglio N, et al. Detection of non-diploid cells in premalignant and malignant oral lesions using combined morphological and FISH analysis-A new method for early detection of suspicious oral lesions. Cancer Lett 2007; 253: 282-290. (Pubitemid 47017541)
77. Driemel O, Dahse R, Hakim SG, et al. Laminin-5 immunocytochemistry: A new tool for identifying dysplastic cells in oral brush biopsies. Cytopathology 2007; 18: 348-355. (Pubitemid 350145649)
78. Kosmehl H, Berndt A, Strassburger S, et al. Distribution of laminin and fibronectin isoforms in oral mucosa and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 1999; 81: 1071-1079. (Pubitemid 29516154)
79. Berndt A, Borsi L, Hyckel P, Kosmehl H,. Fibrillary co-deposition of laminin-5 and large unspliced tenascin-C in the invasive front of oral squamous cell carcinoma in vivo and in vitro. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2001; 127: 286-292.
80. Sordat I, Rousselle P, Chaubert P, et al. Tumor cell budding and laminin-5 expression in colorectal carcinoma can be modulated by the tissue micro-environment. Int J Cancer 2000; 88: 708-717.
81. Kohlberger P, Beneder CH, Horvat R, Leodolter S, Breitenecker G,. Immunohistochemical expression of laminin-5 in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Gynecol Oncol 2003; 89: 391-394. (Pubitemid 36687781)
82. Stoltzfus P, Salo S, Eriksson E, et al. Laminin-5 gamma2 chain expression facilitates detection of invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Int J Gynecol Pathol 2004; 23: 215-222. (Pubitemid 38864745)
83. Driemel O, Murzik U, Escher N, et al. Protein profiling of oral brush biopsies: S100A8 and S100A9 can differentiate between normal, premalignant and tumour cells. Proteomics Clin Appl 2007; 1: 486-493.
84. Carvalho AL, Jeronimo C, Kim MM, et al. Evaluation of promoter hypermethylation detection in body fluids as a screening/diagnosis tool for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14: 97-107. (Pubitemid 351377983)
85. Marioni G, Gaio E, Giacomelli L, et al. MASPIN subcellular localization and expression in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2008; 265: 97-104.
86. Loprevite M, Tiseo M, Chiaramondia M, et al. Buccal mucosa cells as in vivo model to evaluate gefitinib activity in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13: 6518-6526. (Pubitemid 350075043)
87. Weigum SE, Floriano PN, Redding SW, et al. Nano-Bio-Chip sensor platform for examination of oral exfoliative cytology. Cancer Prev Res 2010; 3: 518-528.
88. Cheng B, Rhodus NL, Williams B, Griffi NRJ,. Detection of apoptotic cells in whole saliva of patients with oral premalignant and malignant lesions: A preliminary study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endodont 2004; 97: 465-470. (Pubitemid 38496296)
89. Seoane Lestõn J, Diz Dios P,. Diagnostic clinical aids in oral cancer. Oral Oncol 2010; 46: 418-422.
90. Wu JY, Yi C, Chung HR, et al. Potential biomarkers in saliva for oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2010; 46: 226-231.