Human papillomavirus and head and neck cancer: Epidemiology and molecular biology

Head and Neck

Volumn 20, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 250-265

  McKaig, Rosemary G ^a,b   Baric, Ralph S ^a   Olshan, Andrew F ^a,c  

^a IL   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Epidemiology; Head and neck neoplasms; Human papillomavirus; Molecular biology

Indexed keywords

CANCER INCIDENCE; CARCINOGENESIS; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE TRANSMISSION; HEAD AND NECK CANCER; HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SOUTHERN BLOTTING; VIRUS DETECTION; WART VIRUS;

ANIMALS; BLOTTING, SOUTHERN; CARCINOMA, SQUAMOUS CELL; CELL CYCLE PROTEINS; CELL TRANSFORMATION, NEOPLASTIC; DNA, NEOPLASM; DNA, VIRAL; GENOME, VIRAL; HEAD AND NECK NEOPLASMS; HUMANS; IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION; PAPILLOMAVIRIDAE; PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTIONS; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; TUMOR VIRUS INFECTIONS; VIRAL PROTEINS;

EID: 0031891046     PISSN: 10433074     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0347(199805)20:3<250::AID-HED11>3.0.CO;2-O     Document Type: Review

References (195)

1. Shope RE, Hurst EW. Infectious papillomatosis of rabbits. J Exp Med 1933;58:607-23.
2. Howley PM, Schlegel R. The human papillomaviruses. An overview. (Review.) Am J Med 1988;85(2A): 155-158.
3. zur Hausen H. Papillomaviruses in human cancer. Appl Pathol 1987;5:19-24.
4. Demoubren WAGE. Infectious oral papillomatosis of dogs. Am J Pathol 1932;843-852.
5. Walboomers JMM, Husman AM, van den Brule AVC, Snijders PJ, Meier CJ. Detection of genital human papillomavirus infections: critical review of methods and prevalence studies in relation to cervical cancer. In: Stern PL, Stanley MA, eds. Human papillomaviruses and cervical cancer: biology and immunology. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994:40-71.
6. Pfister H, Fuchs PG, Volcker HE. Human papillomavirus DNA in conjunctival papilloma. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthamol 1985;223:164-167.
7. Snijders PJ, van den Brule AJ, Meijer CJ, Walboomers JM. Papillomaviruses and cancer of the upper digestive and respiratory tracts. (Review.) Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1994;186:177-198.
8. Bosch FX, Manos MM, Munoz N, et al. Prevalence of human papillomavirus in cervical cancer: a worldwide perspective. International biological study on cervical cancer (IBSCC) Study Group [see comments]. J Natl Cancer Inst 1995;87(11):796-802.
9. Palefsky JM and Holly EA. Molecular virology and epidemiology of human papillomavirus and cervical cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1995;4:415-428.
10. Boring CC, Squires TS, Tong T, Montgomery S. Cancer Statistics, 1994. CA Cancer J Clin 1994;44:7-26.
11. zur Hausen H, de Villiers EM. Human papillomaviruses. (Review.) Ann Rev Microbiol 1994;48:427-447.
12. Roman A, Fife KH. Human papillomaviruses: are we ready to type? (Review.) Clin Microbiol Rev 1989;2: 166-190.
13. Pfister H, Fuchs PG. Anatomy, taxonomy and evolution of papillomaviruses. (Review.) Intervirology 1994;37: 143-149.
14. Chow LT, Broker TR. Papillomavirus DNA replication. (Review.) Intervirology 1994;37:150-158.
15. Garlick JA, Taichman LB. Human papillomavirus infection of the oral mucosa. (Review.) Am J Dermatopathol 1991;13:386-395.
16. Favre M, Breitburd F, Croissant O, et al. Structural polypeptides of rabbit, bovine, and human papillomaviruses. J Virol 1975;15:1239-1247.
17. Heilman CA, Engel L, Lowy DR, Howley PM. Virus-specific transcription in bovine papillomavirus-transformed mouse cells. Virology 1982;119:22-34.
18. Fuchs PG, Pfister H. Transcription of papillomavirus genomes. (Review.) Intervirology 1994;37:159-167.
19. McBride AA, Romanczuk H, Howley PM. The papillomavirus E2 regulatory proteins. (Review.) J Biol Chem 1991;266:18411-18414.
20. The genomes of the papillomaviruses. In: Cowsert LM, Baker CC, O'Brien SJ, eds. Genetic maps: locus maps of complex genomes. Cold Spring Harbor: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1993:1.128-1.137.
21. Clertant P, Seif I. A common function for polyoma virus large-T and papillomavirus E1 proteins? Nature 1984; 311(5983):276-279.
22. Seo YS, Muller F, Lusky M, et al. Bovine papilloma virus (BPV)-encoded E2 protein enhances binding of E1 protein to the BPV replication origin. (Published erratum appears in Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993 Jun 15;90: 5878.) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1993;90:2865-2869.
23. Giri I, Yaniv M. Study of the E2 gene product of the cottontail rabbit papillomavirus reveals a common mechanism of transactivation among papillomaviruses. J Virol 1988;62:1573-1581.
24. Matlashewski G, Schneider J, Banks L, Jones N, Murray A, Crawford L. Human papillomavirus type 16 DNA co-operates with activated ras in transforming primary cells. EMBO J 1987;6:1741-1746.
25. Spalholz BA, Yang Y-C, Howley PM. Transactivation of a bovine papillomavirus transcriptional regulatory element by the E2 gene product. Cell 1985;42:183-191.
26. Lambert PF, Spalholz BA, Howley PM. A transcriptional repressor encoded by BPV-1 shares a common carboxy-terminal domain with the E2 transactivator. Cell 1987; 50:69-78.
27. Doorbar J, Ely S, Sterling J, et al. Specific interaction between HPV-16 E1-E4 and cytokeratins results in collapse of the epithelial cell intermediate filament network. Nature 1991;35:2824-2827.
28. Roberts S, Ashmole I, Johnson GD, Kreider JW, Gallimore PH. Cutaneous and mucosal human papillomavirus E4 proteins form intermediate filament-like structures in epithelial cells. Virology 1993;197:176-187.
29. Kulke R, Dimaio D. Biological properties of the deer papillomavirus E5 gene in mouse C127 cells: growth transformation, induction of DNA synthesis, and activation of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor. J Virol 1991; 65:4943-4949.
30. Petti L, Nilson LA, Dimaio D. Activation of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor by the bovine papillomavirus E5 transforming protein. EMBO J 1991;10: 845-855.
31. Petti L, Dimaio D. Specific interaction between the bovine papillomavirus E5 transforming protein and the beta receptor for platelet-derived growth factor in stable transformed and acutely transfected cells. J Virol 1994; 68:3582-3592.
32. Chen SL, Mounts P. Transforming activity of E5a protein of human papillomavirus type 6 in NIH 3T3 and C127 cells. J Virol 1990;64:3226-3233.
33. Hwang ES, Nottoli T, Dimaio D. The HPV16 E5 protein: expression, detection, and stable complex formation with transmembrane proteins in COS cells. Virology 1995; 211:227-233.
34. Storey A, Greenfield I, Banks L, et al. Lack of immortalizing activity of a human papillomavirus type 16 variant DNA with a mutation in the E2 gene isolated from normal human cervical keratinocytes. Oncogene 1992;7: 459-465.
35. Straight SW, Hinkle PM, Jewers RJ, McCance DJ. The E5 oncoprotein of human papillomavirus type 16 transforms fibroblasts and effects the downregulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor in keratinocytes. J Virol 1993;67:4521-4532.
36. Scheffner M, Romanczuk H, Munger K, Huibregtse JM, Mietz JA, Howley PM. Functions of human papillomavirus proteins. (Review.) Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1994;186:83-99.
37. Schneider A. Natural history of genital papillomavirus infections. (Review.) Intervirology 1994;37:201-214.
38. Munger K, Scheffner M, Huibregtse JM, et al. Interactions of HPV E6 and E7 with tumor suppressor gene products. Cancer Surv 1992;12:197-217.
39. White A, Livanos EM, Tisty TD. Differential disruption of genomic integrity and cell cycle regulation in normal human fibroblasts by the HPV oncoproteins. Genes Dev 1994;8:666-677.
40. Werness BA, Levine AJ, Howley PM. Association of human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 E6 proteins with p53. Science 1990;248:76-79.
41. Hubbert NL, Sedman SA, Schiller JT. Human papillomavirus type 16 E6 increases the degradation rate of p53 in human keratinocytes. J Virol 1992;66:6237-6241.
42. Klingelhutz AJ, Foster SA, McDougall JK. Telomerase activation by the E6 gene product of human papillomavirus type 16. Nature 1996;380:79-82.
43. Phelps WC, Yee CL, Munger K, Howley PM. The human papillomavirus type 16 E7 gene encodes transactivation and transformation functions similar to those of adenovirus E1A. Cell 1988;53:539-547.
44. Sato H, Furuno A, Yoshiike K. Expression of human papillomavirus type 16 E7 gene induces DNA synthesis of rat 3Y1 cells. Virology 1989;168:195-199.
45. Zhu L, van den Heuvel S, Helin K, et al. Inhibition of cell proliferation by p107, a relative of the retinoblastoma protein. Genes Dev 1993;7:1111-1125.
46. Claudio PP, Howard CM, Baldi A, et al. p130/pRb2 Has growth suppressive properties similar to yet distinctive from those of retinoblastoma family members pRb and p107. Cancer Res 1994;54:5556-5560.
47. Cobrinik D, Dowdy SF, Hinds PW, Mittnacht S, Weinberg RA. The retinoblastoma protein and the regulation of cell cycling. (Review.) Trends Biochem Sci 1992; 17: 312-315.
48. Davies R, Hicks R, Crook T, Morris J, Vousden K. Human papillomavirus type 16 E7 associates with a histone H1 kinase and with p107 through sequences necessary for transformation. J Virol 1993;67:2521-2528.
49. Cobrinik D, Whyte P, Peeper DS, Jacks T, Weinberg RA. Cell cycle-specific association of E2F with the p130 E1A-binding protein. Genes Dev 1993;7:2392-2404.
50. Motokura T, Arnold A. Cyclins and oncogenesis. (Review.) Biochim Biophys Acta 1993;1155:63-78.
51. McIntyre MC, Ruesch MN, Laimins LA. Human papillomavirus E7 oncoproteins bind a single form of cyclin E in a complex with cdk2 and p107. Virology 1996;21: 573-582.
52. Brokaw JL, Yee CL, Hunger K. A mutational analysis of the amino terminal domain of the human papillomavirus type 16 E7 oncoprotein. Virology 1994;205:603-607.
53. Davies RC, Vousden KH. Functional analysis of human papillomavirus type 16 E7 by complementation with adenovirus E1A mutants. J Gen Virol 1992;73:2135-2139.
54. Edmonds C, Vousden KH. A point mutational analysis of human papillomavirus type 16 E7 protein. J Virol 1989; 63:2650-2656.
55. Lam EW, Morris JD, Davies R, Crook T, Watson RJ, Vousden KH. HPV16 E7 oncoprotein deregulates B-myb expression: correlation with targeting of p107/E2F complexes, EMBO J 1994;13:871-878.
56. de Villiers EM. Human pathogenic papillomavirus types: an update. (Review.) Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1994; 186:1-12.
57. Myers G, Bernard HU, Delius H, et al. A compilation and analysis of nucleic acid and amino acid sequences. Human papillomaviruses. Los Alamos, NM: Los Alamos National Laboratory; 1994.
58. Jenson AB, Rosenthal JD, Olsen C, et al. Immunologic relatedness of papillomavirus type 16 E7 oncoprotein required for immortalization of human keratinocytes. J Nat Cancer Institute 1980;64:495-500.
59. Shamanin V, Glover M, Rausch C, et al. Specific types of human papillomavirus found in benign proliferations and carcinomas of the skin in immunosuppressed patients. Cancer Res 1994;54:4601-4613.
60. Berkhout RJM, Tieben LM, Smits HL, Bouwes Bavinck JN, Vermeer BJ, ter Schegget J. Nested PCR approach for detection and typing of epidermodysplasia verruciformis-associated human papillomavirus types in cutaneous cancers from renal transplant recipients. J Clin Microbiol 1995;33:690-695.
61. Campione-Piccardo J, Montpetit ML, Gregoire L, Arella M. A highly conserved nucleotide string shared by all genomes of human papillomaviruses. Virus Genes 1991; 5:349-357.
62. zur Hausen H. Genital papillomavirus infections. Prog Med Virol 1985;32:15-21.
63. de Villiers EM. Heterogeneity of the human papillomavirus group. (Review.) J Virol 1989;63:4898-4903.
64. zur Hausen H. Human papillomaviruses in the pathogenesis of anogenital cancer. (Review.) Virology 1991; 184:9-13.
65. Schiffman MH, Bauer HM, Hoover RN, et al. Epidemiologic evidence showing that human papillomavirus infection causes most cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (see comments). J Natl Cancer Inst 1993;85:958-964.
66. Hurlin PJ, Kaur P, Smith PP, Perez-Reyes N, Blanton RA, McDougall JK. Progression of human papillomavirus type 18-immortalized human keratinocytes to a malignant phenotype. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991;88: 570-574.
67. zur Hausen H. Human papillomaviruses and their possible role in squamous cell carcinomas. (Review.) Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1977;78:1-30.
68. Greer RO, Jr, Douglas JM, Jr, Breese P, Crosby LK. Evaluation of oral and laryngeal specimens for human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA by dot blot hybridization. J Oral Pathol Med 1990;19:35-38.
69. Donaldson YK, Arends MJ, Duvall E, Bird CC. A PCR approach to discriminate between integrated and episomal HPV DNA in small clinical specimens. Mol Cell Probes 1993;7:285-292.
70. zur Hausen H. Papillomaviruses in anogenital cancer as a model to understand the role of viruses in human cancers. (Review.) Cancer Res 1989;49:4677-4681.
71. Farthing AJ, Vousden KH. Functions of human papillomavirus E6 and E7 oncoproteins. (Review.) Trends Microbiol 1994;2:170-174.
72. Sang BC, Barbosa MS. Single amino acid substitutions in "low-risk" human papillomavirus (HPV) type 6 E7 protein enhance features characteristic of the "high-risk" HPV E7 oncoproteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1992;89: 8063-8067.
73. Altmann A, Jochmus I, Rosl F. Intra-and extracellular control mechanisms of human papillomavirus infection. (Review.) Intervirology 1994;37:180-188.
74. Meyers C, Laimins LA. In vitro systems for the study and propagation of human papillomaviruses. (Review.) Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1994;186:199-215.
75. de Villiers EM. Viruses in cancers of the head and neck. (Review.) Adv Otorhinolaryngol 1991;46:116-123.
76. Baker CC, Phelps WC, Lindgren V, Braun MJ, Gonda MA, Howley PM. Structural and transcriptional analysis of human papillomavirus type 16 sequences in cervical carcinoma cell lines. J Virol 1987;61:962-971.
77. Braun L, Mikumo R, Mark HF, Lauchlan S. Analysis of the growth properties and physical state of the human papillomavirus type 16 genome in cell lines derived from primary cervical tumors. Am J Pathol 1993;143: 832-844.
78. Durst M, Glitz D, Schneider A, zur Hausen H. Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV 16) gene expression and DNA replication in cervical neoplasia: analysis by in situ hybridization. Virology 1992;189:132-140.
79. Schwartz E, Freese UK, Gissmann L, et al. Structure and transcription of human papillomavirus sequences in cervical carcinoma cells. Nature 1985;314:111-114.
80. Stoler MH, Rhodes CR, Whitbeck A, Wolinsky SM, Chow LT, Broker TR. Human papillomavirus type 16 and 18 gene expression in cervical neoplasias. Hum Pathol 1992;23:117-128.
81. Zerfass K, Schultze A, Spitkovsky D, Friedman V, Hengkin B, Jansen-Durr P. Sequential activation of cyclin E and cyclin A gene expression by human papillomavirus type 16 E7 through sequences necessary for transformation. J Virol 1995;69:6389-6399.
82. Havre PA, Yuan J, Hedrick L, Cho KR, Glazer PM. P53 Inactivation by HPV16 E6 results in increased mutagenesis in human cells. Cancer Res 1995;55:4420-4424.
83. zur Hausen H. Viruses in human cancers. (Review.) Science 1991;254:1167-1173.
84. Munger K, Phelps WC, Bubb V, Howley PM, Schlegel R. The E6 and E7 genes of the human papillomavirus type 16 together are necessary and sufficient for transformation of primary human keratinocytes. J Virol 1989;63: 4417-4421.
85. Barbosa MS, Schlegel R. The E6 and E7 genes of HPV-18 are sufficient for inducing two-stage in vitro transformation of human keratinocytes. Oncogene 1989;4:1529-1532.
86. Stoppler H, Stoppler MC, Schlegel R. Transforming proteins of the papillomaviruses. (Review.) Intervirology 1994;37:168-179.
87. Watanabe S, Kanda T, Yoshiike K. Human papillomavirus type 16 transformation of primary human embryonic fibroblasts requires expression of open reading frames E6 and E7. J Virol 1989;63:965-969.
88. Shindoh M, Chiba I, Yasuda M. Detection of human papillomavirus DNA sequences in oral squamous cell carcinomas and their relation to p53 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression. Cancer 1995;76:1513-1521.
89. Brachman DG, Graves D, Yokes E, et al. Occurrence of p53 gene deletions and human papilloma virus infection in human head and neck cancer. Cancer Res 1992;52: 4832-4836.
90. Saiki RK, Gelfand DH, Stoffel S, et al. Primer-directed enzymatic amplification of DNA with a thermostable DNA polymerase. Science 1988;239:487-491.
91. Chen C-A, Chen T-M, Wu C-C, Chang C-F, Hsieh C-Y. Human papillomavirus DNA and p53 status in stage IB bulky cervical cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1994; 120: 678-682.
92. Jiko K, Tsuda H, Sato S, Hirohashi S. Pathogenetic significance of p53 and c-Ki-ras gene mutations and human papillomavirus DNA integration in adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix and uterine isthmus. Intl J Cancer 1994;59:601-606.
93. Butz K, Shahabeddin L, Geisen C, Spitkovsky D, Ullman A. Functional p53 protein in human papillomavirus-positive cancer cells. Oncogens 1995; 10:927-936.
94. Gross G, Pfister H, Hagedorn M, Gissmann L. Correlation between human papillomavirus (HPV) type and histology of warts. J Invest Dermatol 1982;78:160-164.
95. Das BC, Sharma JK, Gopalakrishna V, Luthra UK. Analysis by polymerase chain reaction of the physical state of human papillomavirus type 16 DNA in cervical preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions. J Gen Virol 1992;73(Pt9):2327-2336.
96. Jeon S, Lambert PF. Integration of HPV16 DNA into the human genome leads to increased stability of E6 and E7 mRNAs: implications for cervical carcinogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995;92:1654-1658.
97. Greenblatt MS, Bennett WP, Hollstein M, Harris CC. Mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene: clues to cancer etiology and molecular pathogenesis. (Review.) Cancer Res 1994;54:4855-4878.
98. Yoo GH, Xu H-J, Brennan JA, et al. Infrequent inactivation of the retinoblastoma gene despite frequent loss of chromosome 13q in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Res 1994;54:4603-4606.
99. Reed AL, Califano J, Cairns P, et al. High frequency of p16 (CDKN2/MTS-1/INK4A) inactivation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Res 1996;56: 3630-3633.
100. Olshan AF, Weissler MC, Pei H, et al. Alterations of the p16 gene in head and neck cancer: frequency and association with p53, Prad-1, and HPV. Oncogene 1997;14: 811-818.
101. Frithiof L, Wersall J. Virus-like particles in papillomas of the human oral cavity. Acta OtoLarygol 1967;64: 263-266.
102. Shaffer EL, Jr, Reimann BE, Gysland WB. Oral condyloma acuminatum. A case report with light microscopic and ultrastructural features. J Oral Pathol 1980;9: 163-173.
103. Syrjanen KJ, Surjanen SM. Histological evidence for the presence of condylomatous epithelial lesions in association with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Orl J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 1981;43:181-194.
104. Fejerskov O, Roed-Petersen B, Pindborg JJ. Clinical, histological and ultrastructural features of a possibly virusinduced oral leukoplakia. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand Section A Pathol 1977;85:897-906.
105. Jenson AB, Lancaster WD, Hartmann DP, Shaffer EL, Jr. Frequency and distribution of papillomavirus structural antigens in verrucae, multiple papillomas, and condylomata of the oral cavity. Am J Pathol 1982;107: 212-218.
106. Loning T, Reichart P, Staquet MJ, Becker J, Thivolet J. Occurrence of papillomavirus structural antigens in oral papillomas and leukoplakias. J Oral Pathol 1984;13: 155-165.
107. Syrjanen SM. Basic concepts and practical applications of recombinant DNA techniques in detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Review article. (Review.) APMIS 1990;98:95-110.
108. Koutsky LA, Galloway DA, Holmes KK. Epidemiology of genital human papillomavirus infection. (Review.) Epidemiol Rev 1988;10:122-163.
109. Syrjanen K, Syrjanen S, Pyrhonen S. Human papilloma virus (HPV) antigens in lesions of laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas. Orl J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 1982; 44:323-334.
110. Syrjanen KJ, Pyrhonen S, Syrjanen SM, Lamberg MA. Immunohistochemical demonstration of human papilloma virus (HPV) antigens in oral squamous cell lesions. Br J Oral Surg 1983;21:147-153.
111. Syrjanen KJ, Syrjanen SM, Lamberg MA, Pyrhonen S. Human papillomavirus (HPV) involvement in squamous cell lesions of the oral cavity. Proc Finn Dent Soc 1983; 79:1-8.
112. Gissmann L, Wolnik L, Ikenberg H, Koldovsky U, Schnurch HG, zur Hausen H. Human papillomavirus types 6 and 11 DNA sequences in genital and laryngeal papillomas and in some cervical cancers. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1983;80:560-563.
113. Loning T, Ikenberg H, Becker J, Gissmann L, Hoepfer I, zur Hausen H. Analysis of oral papillomas, leukoplakias, and invasive carcinomas for human papillomavirus type related DNA. J Invest Dermatol 1985;84:417-420.
114. Syrjanen SM, Syrjanen KJ, Lamberg MA. Detection of human papillomavirus DNA in oral mucosal lesions using in situ DNA-hybridization applied on paraffin sections. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1986;62:660-667.
115. Syrjanen SM, Syrjanen KJ, Happonen RP, Lamberg MA. In situ DNA hybridization analysis of human papillomavirus (HPV) sequences in benign oral mucosal lesions. Arch Dermatol Res 1987;279:543-549.
116. Syrjanen K HR, Syrjanen S. Human papilloma virus (HPV) antigens and local immunologic reactivity in oral squamous cell tumors and hyperplasias. Scand J Dent Res 1984;92:358-370.
117. Naghashfar Z, Sawada E, Kutcher MJ, et al. Identification of genital tract papillomaviruses HPV-6 and HPV-16 in warts of the oral cavity. J Med Virol 1985;17: 313-324.
118. Greer RO, Eversole LR, Poulson TC, Boone ME, Lindenmuth JE, Crosby L. Identification of human papillomavirus DNA in smokeless tobacco-associated keratoses from juveniles, adults and older adults using immunocytochemical and in situ DNA hybridization techniques. Gerodontics 1987;3:201-208.
119. Greer RO, Jr, Schroeder KL, Crosby L. Morphologic and immunohistochemical evidence of human papillomavirus capsid antigen in smokeless tobacco keratoses from juveniles and adults. (Review.) J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1988;46:919-929.
120. Adler-Storthz K, Newland JR, Tessin BA, Yeudall WA, Shillitoe EJ. Human papillomavirus type 2 DNA in oral verrucous carcinoma. J Oral Pathol 1986;15:472-475.
121. Southern EM. Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis. J Molec Biol 1975;98:503-517.
122. Durst M, Kleinheinz A, Hotz M, Gissman L. The physical state of human papillomavirus type 16 DNA in benign and malignant genital tumours. J Gen Virol 1985;66(Pt 7):1515-1522.
123. Brandsma J, Burk RD, Lancaster WD, Pfister H, Schiffman MH. Inter-laboratory variation as an explanation for varying prevalence estimates of human papillomavirus infection. Intl J Cancer 1989;43:260-262.
124. Maitland NJ, Cox MF, Lynas C, Prime S, Crane I, Scully C. Nucleic acid probes in the study of latent viral disease. J Oral Pathol 1987;16:199-211.
125. Eisenstein BI. The polymerase chain reaction: a new method of using molecular genetics for medical diagnosis. NEJM 1990;322:178-183.
126. Tommasino M, Crawford L. Human papillomavirus E6 and E7: proteins which deregulate the cell cycle. (Review. Bioessays 1995;17:509-518.
127. Hsing AW, Burk RD, Liaw K-L, et al. Interlaboratory agreement in a polymerase chain reaction-based human papillomavirus DNA assay. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1996;5:483-484.
128. Holladay EB, Gerald WL. Viral gene detection in oral neoplasms using the polymerase chain reaction. Am J Clin Pathol 1993;100:36-40.
129. Noble-Topham SE, Fliss DM, Hartwick WJ, et al. Detection and typing of human papillomavirus in verrucous carcinoma of the oral cavity using the polymerase chain reaction. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1993;119: 1299-1304.
130. Greer RO, Jr, Eversole LR, Crosby LK. Detection of human papillomavirus-genomic DNA in oral epithelial dysplasias, oral smokeless tobacco-associated leukoplakias, and epithelial malignancies. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1990;48:1201-1205.
131. Snijders PJ, Cromme FV, van den Brule AJ, et al. Prevalence and expression of human papillomavirus in tonsilar carcinomas, indicating a possible viral etiology. Intl J Cancer 1992;51:845-850.
132. Miller CS, Zeuss MS, White DK. Detection of HPV DNA in oral carcinoma using polymerase chain reaction together with in situ hybridization. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1994;77:480-486.
133. Watts SL, Brewer EE, Fry TL. Human papillomavirus DNA types in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1991;71:701-707.
134. Kahn T, Turazza E, Ojeda R, et al. Integration of human papillomavirus type 6a DNA in a tonsillar carcinoma: chromosomal localization and nucleotide sequence of the genomic target region. Cancer Res 1994;54:1305-1312.
135. Woods KV, Shillitoe EJ, Spitz MR, Schantz SP, AdlerStorthz K. Analysis of human papillomavirus DNA in oral squamous cell carcinomas. (Review.) J Oral Pathol Med 1993;22:101-108.
136. Brandwein MS, Nuovo GJ, Biller H. Analysis of prevalence of human papillomavirus in laryngeal carcinomas. Study of 40 cases using polymerase chain reaction and consensus primers. (Review.) Ann Otorhinolaryngol 1993;102(4:Pt 1):309-313.
137. Yeudall WA, Campo MS. Human papillomavirus DNA in biopsies of oral tissues. J Gen Virol 1991;72(Pt 1): 173-176.
138. Cruz IBF, Snijders PJF, Steenbergen RDM, et al. Age-dependence of human papillomavirus DNA presence in oral squamous cell carcinomas. Oral Oncol Eur J Cancer 1996;32B:55-62.
139. Snijders PJF, Scholes AGM, Hart CA, et al. Prevalence of mucosotropic human papillomaviruses in squamouscell carcinomas of the head and neck. Intl J Cancer 1996; 66:464-469.
140. Kiyabu MT, Shibata D, Arnheim N, Martin WJ, Fitzgibbons PL. Detection of human papillomavirus in formalinfixed, invasive squamous carcinomas using the polymerase chain reaction. Am J Surg Pathol 1989;13:221-224.
141. Shindoh M, Sawada Y, Kohgo T, Amemiya A, Fujinaga K. Detection of human papillomavirus DNA sequences in tongue squamous-cell carcinoma utilizing the polymerase chain reaction method. Intl J Cancer 1992;50: 167-171.
142. Brandwein M, Zeitlin J, Nuovo GJ, et al. HPV detection ing "hot start" polymerase chain reaction in patients with oral cancer: a clinicopathological study of 64 patients. (Review.) Mod Pathol 1994;7:720-727.
143. Hoshikawa T, Nakajima T, Uhara H, et al. Detection of human papillomavirus DNA in laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas by polymerase chain reaction. Laryngoscope 1990;100:647-650.
144. Perez-Ayala M, Ruiz-Cabello F, Esteban F, et al. Presence of HPV 16 sequences in laryngeal carcinomas. Intl J Cancer 1990;46:8-11.
145. Clayman GL, Stewart MG, Weber RS, el-Naggar AK, Grimm EA. Human papillomavirus in laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinomas. Relationship to survival. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1994;120:743-748.
146. Fouret P, Monceaux G, Temam S, Lacourreye L, St. Guily JL. Human papillomavirus in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas in nonsmokers. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1997;123:513-516.
147. Fidalgo PO, Cravo ML, Chaves PP. High prevalence of human papillomavirus in squamous cell carcinoma and matched normal esophageal mucosa. Cancer 1995;76: 1522-1528.
148. Frazer IH, Leonard JH, Schonrock J, Wright RG, Kearsley JH. HPV DNA in oropharyngeal squamous cell cancers: comparison of results from four DNA detection methods. Pathology 1993;25:138-143.
149. Snijders PJ, Meijer CJ, van den Brule AJ, Schrijnemakers HF, Snow GB, Walboomers JM. Human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 and 33 E6/E7 region transcripts in tonsillar carcinomas can originate from integrated and episomal HPV DNA. J Gen Virol 1992;73(Pt 8): 2059-2066.
150. Kahn T, Schwarz E, zur Hausen H. Molecular cloning and characterization of the DNA of a new human papillomavirus (HPV 30) from a laryngeal carcinoma. Intl J Cancer 1986;37:61-65.
151. Kashima HK, Kutcher M, Kessis T, Levin LS, de Villiers EM, Shah K. Human papillomavirus in squamous cell carcinoma, leukoplakia, lichen planus, and clinically normal epithelium of the oral cavity. Ann Otorhinolaryngol 1990;99:55-61.
152. Gassenmaier A, Hornstein OP. Presence of human papillomavirus DNA in benign and precancerous oral leukoplakias and squamous cell carcinomas. Dermatologica 1988; 176:224-233.
153. de Villiers EM, Weidauer H, Otto H, zur Hausen H. Papillomavirus DNA in human tongue carcinomas. Intl J Cancer 1985;36:575-578.
154. Lawton G, Thomas S, Schonrock J, Monsour F, Frazer I. Human papillomaviruses in normal oral mucosa: a comparison of methods for sample collection. J Oral Pathol Med 1992;21:265-269.
155. Ostwald C, Muller P, Barten M, et al. Human papillomavirus DNA in oral squamous cell carcinomas and normal mucosa. J Oral Pathol Med 1994;23:220-225.
156. Jalal H, Sanders CM, Prime SS, Scully C, Maitland NJ. Detection of human papilloma virus type 16 DNA in oral squames from normal young adults. J Oral Pathol Med 1992;21:465-470.
157. Maitland NJ, Cox MF, Lynas C, Prime SS, Meanwell CA, Scully C. Detection of human papillomavirus DNA in biopsies of human oral tissue. Br J Cancer 1987;56: 245-250.
158. Miller CS, White DK. Human papillomavirus expression in oral mucosa, premalignant conditions, and squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1996;8: 257-268.
159. Ley C, Bauer HM, Reingold A, et al. Determinants of genital human papillomavirus infection in young women. J Natl Cancer Inst 1991;83:997-1003.
160. Schiffman MH. Epidemiology of cervical human papillomavirus infections, (Review.) Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 1994;186:55-81.
161. Schiffman MH. Recent progress in defining the epidemiology of human papillomavirus infection and cervical neoplasia. (Review.) J Natl Cancer Inst 1992;84: 394-398.
162. Maden C, Beckmann AM, Thomas DB, et al. Human papillomaviruses, herpes simplex viruses, and the risk of oral cancer in men. Am J Epidemiol 1992;135: 1093-1102.
163. Smith EM, Johnson SR, Cripe TP, Pignatari S, Turek L. Perinatal vertical transmission of human papillomavirus and subsequent development of respiratory tract papillomatosis. Ann Otorhinolaryngol 1991;100: 479-483.
164. Sedlacek TV, Lindheim S, Eder C, et al. Mechanism for human papillomavirus transmission at birth. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989;161:55-59.
165. Pakarian F, Kaye J, Cason J, et al. Cancer associated human papillomaviruses: perinatal transmission and persistence. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1994;101:514-517.
166. Smith EM, Johnson SR, Cripe T, et al. Perinatal transmission and maternal risks of human papillomavirus infection. Cancer Detect Prev 1995;19:196-205.
167. Mounts P, Shah KV, Kashima H. Viral etiology of juvenile-and adult-onset squamous papilloma of the larynx. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1982;79:5425-5429.
168. Kellokoski JK, Syrjanen SM, Chang F, Yliskoski M, Syrjanen KJ. Southern blot hybridization and PCR in detection of oral human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in women with genital HPV infections. J Oral Pathol Med 1992;21:459-464.
169. Kellokoski J, Syrjanen S, Yliskoski M, Syrjanen K. Dot blot hybridization in detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in the oral cavity of women with genital HPV infections. Oral Microbiol Immunol 1992;7:19-23.
170. Kellokoski J, Syrjanen S, Syrjanen K, Yliskoski M. Oral mucosal changes in women with genital HPV infection. J Oral Pathol Med 1990;19:142-148.
171. Scully C, Laskaris G, Pindborg J, Porter SR, Reichart P. Oral manifestations of HIV infection and their management. II. Less common lesions. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1991;71:167-171.
172. Vernon SD, Holmes KK, Reeves WC. Human papillomavirus infection and associated disease in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Clin Infect Dis 1995;21(Suppl 1):S121-S124.
173. Brandsma JL, Abramson AL. Association of papillomavirus with cancers of the head and neck. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1989;115:621-625.
174. Tsuchiya H, Tomita Y, Shirasawa H, Tanzawa H, Sato K, Simizu B. Detection of human papillomavirus in head and neck tumors with DNA hybridization and immunohistochemical analysis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1991;71:721-725.
175. Dickens P, Srivastava G, Loke SL, Larkin S. Human papillomavirus 6, 11, and 16 in laryngeal papillomas. J Pathol 1991;165:243-246.
176. Milde K, Loning T. Detection of papillomavirus DNA in oral papillomas and carcinomas: application of in situ hybridization with biotinylated HPV 16 probes. J Oral Pathol 1986;15:292-296.
177. Young SK, Min KW. In situ DNA hybridization analysis of oral papillomas, leukoplakias, and carcinomas for human papillomavirus. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1991;71:726-729.
178. Zeuss MS, Miller CS, White DK. In situ hybridization analysis of human papillomavirus DNA in oral mucosal lesions. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1991;71: 714-720.
179. Shroyer KR, Greer RO, Fankhouser CA, McGuirt WF, Marshall R. Detection of human papillomavirus DNA in oral verrucous carcinoma by polymerase chain reaction, Mod Pathol 1993;6:669-672.
180. Burger MP, Hollema H, Gouw AS, Pieters WJ, Quint WG. Cigarette smoking and human papillomavirus in patients with reported cervical cytological abnormality. Br Med J 1993;306:749-752.
181. Lee NK, Ritter DB, Gross AE, Myssiorek DJ, Kadish AS, Burk RD. Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas associated with human papillomaviruses and an increased incidence of cervical pathology. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1988;99:296-301.
182. Chang KW, Chang CS, Lai KS, Chou MJ, Choo KB. High prevalence of human papillomavirus infection and possible association with betel quid chewing and smoking in oral epidermoid carcinomas in Taiwan. J Med Virol 1989;28:57-61.
183. Niedobitek G, Pitteroff S, Herbst H, et al. Detection of human papillomavirus type 16 DNA in carcinomas of the palatine tonsil J Clin Pathol 1990;43:918-921.
184. Ishibashi T, Matsushima S, Tsunokawa Y, et al. Human papillomavirus DNA in squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1990;116:294-298.
185. Gridley G, McLaughlin JK, Block G, Blot WJ, Gluch M, Fraumeni JF, Jr. Vitamin supplement use and reduced risk of oral and pharyngeal cancer. Am J Epidemiol 1992;135:1083-1092.
186. Bercovich JA, Centeno CR, Aguilar OG, Grinstein S, Kahn T. Presence and integration of human papillomavirus type 6 in a tonsillar carcinoma. J Gen Virol 1991;72(Pt 10):2569-2572.
187. Howell RE, Gallant L. Human papillomavirus type 16 in an oral squamous carcinoma and its metastasis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1992;74:620-626.
188. Loning T, Meichsner M, Milde-Langosch K, et al. HPV DNA detection in tumours of the head and neck: a comparative light microscopy and DNA hybridization study. Orl J Otorhinolaryngol Rel Spec 1987;49:259-269.
189. Mashberg A, Meyers H. Anatomical site and size of 222 early asymptomatic oral squamous cell carcinomas: a continuing prospective study of oral cancer. II. Cancer 1976;37:2149-2157.
190. Dekmezian RH, Batsakis JG, Goepfert H. In situ hybridization of papillomavirus DNA in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1987;113:819-821.
191. Syrjanen SM, Syrjanen KJ, Happonen RP. Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA sequences in oral precancerous lesions and squamous cell carcinoma demonstrated by in situ hybridization. J Oral Pathol 1988;17:273-278.
192. Maitland NJ, Bromidge T, Cox MF, Crane IJ, Prime SS, Scully C. Detection of human papillomavirus genes in human oral tissue biopsies and cultures by polymerase chain reaction. Br J Cancer 1989;59:698-703.
193. Chang F, Syrjanen S, Nuutinen J, Karja J, Syrjanen K. Detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in oral squamous cell carcinomas by in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction. Arch Dermatol Res 1990;282: 493-497.
194. Snijders PJ, van den Brule AJ, Schrijnemakers HF, Raaphorst PM, Meijer CJ, Walboomers JM. Human papillomavirus type 33 in a tonsillar carcinoma generates its putative E7 mRNA via two E6 transcript species which are terminated at different early region poly(A) sites. J Virol 1992;66:3172-3178.
195. Suzuki T, Shidara K, Kara F, Nakajima T. High frequency of p53 abnormality in laryngeal cancers of heavy smokers and its relation to human papillomavirus infection. Jpn J Cancer Res 1994;85:1087-1093.