Principles of radiobiology of stereotactic radiosurgery and clinical applications in the central nervous system

Technology in Cancer Research and Treatment

Volumn 11, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 3-13

  Balagamwala, E H ^a   Chao, S T ^b   Suh, J H ^b  

^a CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b TAUSSIG CANCER INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

Radiobiology; Radiosurgery; SBRT; Stereotactic body radiotherapy; Stereotactic radiosurgery

Indexed keywords

CERAMIDE; CYTOCHROME C; DNA; FREE RADICAL; HYDROXYL GROUP; PROTEIN BAX; SPHINGOMYELIN; SPHINGOMYELIN PHOSPHODIESTERASE; TEMOZOLOMIDE; THALIDOMIDE; VASCULOTROPIN;

ALPHA RADIATION; APOPTOSIS; BRAIN METASTASIS; BRAIN NECROSIS; BRAIN RADIATION; CANCER CELL REASSORTMENT; CANCER CELL REPOPULATION; CANCER CONTROL; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; CELL CYCLE G2 PHASE; CELL CYCLE M PHASE; CELL METABOLISM; CELL POPULATION; CELL SURVIVAL; CHROMOSOMAL INSTABILITY; CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS; DNA REPAIR; DOSE RESPONSE; DOUBLE STRANDED DNA BREAK; ENDOTHELIUM CELL; GAMMA KNIFE RADIOSURGERY; IONIZATION; MATHEMATICAL MODEL; MENINGIOMA; NONHUMAN; OPTIC NERVE DISEASE; ORGAN DISTRIBUTION; PROTEIN INDUCTION; PROTEIN SECRETION; RADIATION DOSE; RADIATION DOSE DISTRIBUTION; RADIATION DOSE FRACTIONATION; RADIATION INDUCED OPTIC NEUROPATHY; RADIATION INJURY; RADIATION INJURY REPAIR; RADIATION NECROSIS; RADIOBIOLOGY; RADIOSENSITIVITY; RADIOSENSITIZATION; REOXYGENATION; REVIEW; SINGLE STRANDED DNA BREAK; SPINAL CORD DISEASE; STEREOTACTIC RADIOSURGERY; TISSUE INJURY; TUMOR CELL DESTRUCTION; TURNOVER TIME;

EID: 84055207560     PISSN: 15330346     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.7785/tcrt.2012.500229     Document Type: Review

References (68)

1. Mehta, M. P., Tsao, M. N., Whelan, T. J., Morris, D. E., Hayman, J. A., Flickinger, J. C., Mills, M., Rogers, C. L., Souhami, L. The American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ASTRO) evidence-based review of the role of radiosurgery for brain metastases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 63, 37-46 (2005).
2. Suh, J. H. Stereotactic radiosurgery for the management of brain metastases. N Engl J Med 362, 1119-1127 (2010).
3. Alexiou, G. A., Gogou, P., Markoula, S., Kyritsis, A. P. Management of meningiomas. Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery 112, 177-182 (2010).
4. Guo, S., Chao, S. T., Reuther, A. M., Barnett, G. H., Suh, J. H. Review of the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia with gamma knife radiosurgery. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 86, 135-146 (2008).
5. Potters, L., Kavanagh, B., Galvin, J. M., Hevezi, J. M., Janjan, N. A., Larson, D. A., Mehta, M. P., Ryu, S., Steinberg, M., Timmerman, R., Welsh, J. S., Rosenthal, S. A. American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ASTRO) and American College of Radi-ology (ACR) practice guideline for the performance of stereotactic body radiation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 76, 326-332 (2010).
6. Kavanagh, B. D., McGarry, R. C., Timmerman, R. D. Extracranial radiosurgery (stereotactic body radiation therapy) for oligometasta-ses. Semin Radiat Oncol 16, 77-84 (2006).
7. MS LLGM, MD JET. Clinical Radiation Oncology (Churchill Livingstone: 2006).
8. Hall, E. Radiobiology for the radiologist (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: Philadelphia, 2006).
9. Weichselbaum, R. R., Nove, J., Little, J. B. X-ray sensitivity of human tumor cells in vitro. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 6, 437-440 (1980).
10. Thames, H. D., Withers, H. R., Peters, L. J., Fletcher, G. H. Changes in early and late radiation responses with altered dose fractionation: implications for dose-survival relationships. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 8, 219-226 (1982).
11. Withers, H. R. Biologic basis for altered fractionation schemes. Cancer 55, 2086-2095 (1985).
12. Wolbarst, A. B. Optimization of radiation therapy II: the critical-voxel model. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 10, 741-745 (1984).
13. Sinclair, W. K. Cyclic x-ray responses in mammalian cells in vitro. Radiat Res 33, 620-643 (1968).
14. Legrys, G. A., Hall, E. J. The oxygen effect and x-ray sensitivity in synchronously dividing cultures of Chinese hamster cells. Radiat Res 37, 161-172 (1969).
15. Rosenthal, D. I., Glatstein, E. We've Got a Treatment, but What's the Disease? Or a Brief History of Hypofractionation and Its Relationship to Stereotactic Radiosurgery. Oncologist 1, 1-7 (1996).
16. Koyfman, S. A., Tendulkar, R. D., Chao, S. T., Vogelbaum, M. A., Barnett, G. H., Angelov, L., Weil, R. J., Neyman, G., Reddy, C. A., Suh, J. H. Stereotactic radiosurgery for single brainstem metastases: the cleveland clinic experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 78, 409-414 (2010).
17. Sneed, P. K., Suh, J. H., Goetsch, S. J., Sanghavi, S. N., Chappell, R., Buatti, J. M., Regine, W. F., Weltman, E., King, V. J., Breneman, J. C., Sperduto, P. W., Mehta, M. P. A multi-institutional review of radiosurgery alone vs. radiosurgery with whole brain radiotherapy as the initial management of brain metastases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 53, 519-526 (2002).
18. Kondziolka, D., Mathieu, D., Lunsford, L. D., Martin, J. J., Madhok, R., Niranjan, A., Flickinger, J. C. Radiosurgery as definitive management of intracranial meningiomas. Neurosurgery 62, 53-58; discussion 58-60 (2008).
19. Stafford, S. L., Pollock, B. E., Foote, R. L., Link, M. J., Gorman, D. A., Schomberg, P. J., Leavitt, J. A. Meningioma radiosurgery: tumor control, outcomes, and complications among 190 consecutive patients. Neurosurgery 49, 1029-1037; discussion 1037-1038 (2001).
20. Hasegawa, T., Fujitani, S., Katsumata, S., Kida, Y., Yoshimoto, M., Koike, J. Stereotactic radiosurgery for vestibular schwannomas: analysis of 317 patients followed more than 5 years. Neurosurgery 57, 257-265; discussion 257-265 (2005).
21. Chopra, R., Kondziolka, D., Niranjan, A., Lunsford, L. D., Flickinger, J. C. Long-term follow-up of acoustic schwannoma radiosurgery with marginal tumor doses of 12 to 13 Gy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 68, 845-851 (2007).
22. Guckenberger, M., Wulf, J., Mueller, G., Krieger, T., Baier, K., Gabor, M., Richter, A., Wilbert, J., Flentje, M. Dose-response relationship for image-guided stereotactic body radiotherapy of pulmonary tumors: relevance of 4D dose calculation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 74, 47-54 (2009).
23. Wulf, J., Guckenberger, M., Haedinger, U., Oppitz, U., Mueller, G., Baier, K., Flentje, M. Stereotactic radiotherapy of primary liver cancer and hepatic metastases. Acta Oncol 45, 838-847 (2006).
24. Yamada, Y., Bilsky, M. H., Lovelock, D. M., Venkatraman, E. S., Toner, S., Johnson, J, Zatcky, J Zelefsky, M. J., Fuks, Z. High-dose, single-fraction image-guided intensity-modulated radiotherapy for met-astatic spinal lesions. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 71, 484-490 (2008).
25. Greco, C., Zelefsky, M. J., Lovelock, M., Fuks, Z., Hunt, M.,Rosenzweig, K.,Zatcky, J., Kim, B., Yamada, Y. Predictors of Local Control After Single-Dose Stereotactic Image-Guided Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy for Extracranial Metastases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys (2010). doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.12.038
26. Sharp, C. D., Jawahar, A., Warren, A. C., Elrod, J. W., Nanda, A., Alexander, J. S. Gamma knife irradiation increases cerebral endothelial expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and E-selectin. Neurosurgery 53,154-160 discussion 160-161 (2003).
27. Peña, L. A., Fuks, Z., Kolesnick, R. Stress-induced apoptosis and the sphingomyelin pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 53, 615-621 (1997).
28. Paris, F., Fuks, Z., Kang, A., Capodieci, P., Juan, G., Ehleiter, D., Haimovitz-Friedman, A., Cordon-Cardo, C., Kolesnick, R. Endothelial apoptosis as the primary lesion initiating intestinal radiation dam-age in mice. Science 293, 293-297 (2001).
29. Chang, H.-J., Maj, J. G., Paris, F., Xing, H. R., Zhang, J., Truman, 29. J. P., Cardon-Cardo, C., Haimovitz-Friedman, A., Kolesnick, R., Fuks, Z. ATM regulates target switching to escalating doses of radiation in the intestines. Nat Med 11, 484-490 (2005).
30. Gulbins, E., Kolesnick, R. Raft ceramide in molecular medicine. Oncogene 22, 7070-7077 (2003).
31. Deng, X., Yin, X., Allan, R., Lu, D. D., Maurer, C. W., Haimovitz-Friedman, A., Fuks, Z., Shaham, S., Kolesnick, R. Ceramide biogenesis is required for radiation-induced apoptosis in the germ line of C. elegans. Science 322, 110-115 (2008).
32. Kolesnick, R., Fuks, Z. Radiation and ceramide-induced apoptosis. Oncogene 22, 5897-5906 (2003).
33. Danial, N. N., Korsmeyer, S. J. Cell death: critical control points. Cell 116, 205-219 (2004).
34. Garcia-Barros, M., Paris, F., Cordon-Cardo, C., Lyden, D., Rafii, S., Haimovitz-Friedman, A., Fuks, Z., Kolesnick, R. Tumor response to radiotherapy regulated by endothelial cell apoptosis. Science 300, 1155-1159 (2003).
35. Lu, T.-P., Lai, L.-C., Lin, B.-I., Chen, L.-H., Hsiao, T.-H., Liber, H. L., Cook, J. A., Mitchell, J. B., Tsai, M.-H., Chuang, E. Y. Distinct signaling pathways after higher or lower doses of radiation in three closely related human lymphoblast cell lines. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 76, 212-219 (2010).
36. Rotolo, J. A., Mesicek, J., Maj, J., Truman, J.-P., Haimovitz-Friedman, 36. A., Kolesnick, R., Fuks, Z. Regulation of ceramide synthase-mediated crypt epithelium apoptosis by DNA damage repair enzymes. Cancer Res 70, 957-967 (2010).
37. Truman, J.-P., García-Barros, M., Kaag, M., Hambardzumyan, D., Stancevic, B., Chan, M., Fuks, Z., Kolesnick, R., Haimovitz-Friedman, A. Endothelial membrane remodeling is obligate for anti-angiogenic radiosensitization during tumor radiosurgery. PLoS ONE 5, e12310 (2010).
38. Lee, J.-I., Itasaka, S., Kim, J. T., Nam, D.-H. Antiangiogenic agent, thalidomide increases the antitumor effect of single high dose irradiation (gamma knife radiosurgery) in the rat orthotopic glioma model. Oncol Rep 15, 1163-1168 (2006).
39. Kirkpatrick, J. P., Brenner, D. J., Orton, C. G. Point/Counterpoint. The linear-quadratic model is inappropriate to model high dose per fraction effects in radiosurgery. Med Phys 36, 3381-3384 (2009).
40. Kirkpatrick, J. P., Meyer, J. J., Marks, L. B. The linear-quadratic model is inappropriate to model high dose per fraction effects in radiosurgery. Semin Radiat Oncol 18, 240-243 (2008).
41. Karlsson, B., Lindqvist, M., Blomgren, H., Wan-Yeo, G., Söderman,. M., Lax, I., Yamamoto, M., Bailes, J. Long-term results after fractionated radiation therapy for large brain arteriovenous malformations. Neurosurgery 57, 42-49; discussion 42-49 (2005).
42. Flickinger, J. C., Kondziolka, D., Maitz, A. H., Lunsford, L. D. An analysis of the dose-response for arteriovenous malformation radiosurgery and other factors affecting obliteration. Radiother Oncol 63, 347-354 (2002).
43. Park, C., Papiez, L., Zhang, S., Story, M., Timmerman, R. D. Universal survival curve and single fraction equivalent dose: useful tools in understanding potency of ablative radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 70, 847-852 (2008).
44. Guerrero, M., Li, X. A. Extending the linear-quadratic model for large fraction doses pertinent to stereotactic radiotherapy. Phys Med Biol 49, 4825-4835 (2004).
45. Liu, L., Bassano, D. A., Prasad, S. C., Hahn, S. S., Chung, C. T. The linear-quadratic model and fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 57, 827-832 (2003).
46. Wang, J. Z., Huang, Z., Lo, S. S., Yuh, W. T. C., Mayr, N. A. A generalized linear-quadratic model for radiosurgery, stereotactic body radiation therapy, and high-dose rate brachytherapy. Sci Transl Med 2, 39-48 (2010).
47. Wang, J. Z., Mayr, N. A., Yuh, W. T. C. A Generalized Linear-Quadratic Formula for High-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy and Radiosurgery. International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 69, S619-S620 (2007).
48. Cho, J., Kodym, R., Seliounine, S., Richardson, J. A., Solberg, T. D., Story, M. D. High dose-per-fraction irradiation of limited lung volumes using an image-guided, highly focused irradiator: simulating stereotactic body radiotherapy regimens in a small-animal model. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 77, 895-902 (2010).
49. Kim, J. H., Khil, M. S., Kolozsvary, A., Gutierrez, J. A., Brown, S. L. Fractionated radiosurgery for 9L gliosarcoma in the rat brain. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 45, 1035-1040 (1999).
50. Qutob, S. S., Multani, A. S., Pathak, S., McNamee, J. P., Bellier, P. V., Liu, Q. Y., Ng, C. E. Fractionated X-radiation treatment can elicit an inducible-like radioprotective response that is not dependent on the intrinsic cellular X-radiation resistance/sensitivity. Radiat Res 166, 590-599 (2006).
51. Bentzen, S. M., Constine, L. S., Deasy, J. O., Eisbruch, A., Jackson, A., Marks, L. B., Ten Haken, R. K., Yorke, E. D. Quantitative Analyses of Normal Tissue Effects in the Clinic (QUANTEC): an introduction to the scientific issues. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 76, S3-9 (2010).
52. Lawrence, Y. R., Li, X. A., el Naqa, I., Hahn, C. A., Marks, L. B., Merchant, T. E., Dicker, A. P. Radiation dose-volume effects in the brain. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 76, S20-27 (2010).
53. Shih, H. A., Loeffler, J. S., Tarbell, N. J. Late effects of CNS radiation therapy. Cancer Treat Res 150, 23-41 (2009).
54. Shaw, E., Scott, C., Souhami, L., Dinapoli, R., Kline, R., Loeffler, J., Farnan, N. Single dose radiosurgical treatment of recurrent previously irradiated primary brain tumors and brain metastases: final report of RTOG protocol 90-05. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 47, 291-298 (2000).
55. Flickinger, J. C., Kondziolka, D., Pollock, B. E., Maitz, A. H., Lunsford, L. D. Complications from arteriovenous malformation radiosurgery: multivariate analysis and risk modeling. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 38, 485-490 (1997).
56. Korytko, T., Radivoyevitch, T., Colussi, V., Wessels, B. W., Pillai, K., Maciunas, R. J., Einstein, D. B. 12Gy gamma knife radiosurgical volume is a predictor for radiation necrosis in non-AVM intracranial tumors. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 64, 419-424 (2006).
57. Mayo, C., Yorke, E., Merchant, T. E. Radiation associated brainstem injury. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 76, S36-41 (2010).
58. Foote, K. D., Friedman, W. A., Buatti, J. M., Meeks, S. L., Bova, F. J., Kubilis, P. S. Analysis of risk factors associated with radiosurgery for vestibular schwannoma. J Neurosurg 95, 440-449 (2001).
59. Mayo, C., Martel, M. K., Marks, L. B., Flickinger, J., Nam, J., Kirkpatrick, J. Radiation dose-volume effects of optic nerves and chiasm. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 76, S28-35 (2010).
60. Danesh-Meyer, H. V. Radiation-induced optic neuropathy. J Clin Neurosci 15, 95-100 (2008).
61. Stafford, S. L., Pollock, B. E., Leavitt, J. A., Foote, R. L., Brown, P. D., Link, M. J., Gorman, D. A., Schomberg, P. J. A study on the radiation tolerance of the optic nerves and chiasm after stereotactic radiosurgery. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 55, 1177-1181 (2003).
62. Pollock, B. E., Cochran, J., Natt, N., Brown, P. D., Erickson, D., Link, M. J., Garces, Y. I., Foote, R. L., Stafford, S. L., Schomberg, P. J. Gamma knife radiosurgery for patients with nonfunctioning pitu-itary adenomas: results from a 15-year experience. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 70, 1325-1329 (2008).
63. Leber, K. A., Berglöff, J., Pendl, G. Dose-response tolerance of the visual pathways and cranial nerves of the cavernous sinus to stereotactic radiosurgery. J Neurosurg 88, 43-50 (1998).
64. Abbatucci, J. S., Delozier, T., Quint, R., Roussel, A., Brune, D. Radiation myelopathy of the cervical spinal cord: time, dose and volume factors. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 4, 239-248 (1978).
65. Kirkpatrick, J. P., van der Kogel, A. J., Schultheiss, T. E. Radiation dose-volume effects in the spinal cord. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 76, S42-49 (2010).
66. Lo, S. S., Fakiris, A. J., Chang, E. L., Mayr, N. A., Wang, J. Z., Papiez, L., The, B. S., McGarry, R. C., Cardenes, H. R., Timmerman, R. D. Stereotactic body radiation therapy: a novel treatment modality. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 7, 44-54 (2010).
67. Ryu, S., Jin, J.-Y., Jin, R., Rock, J., Ajlouni, M., Movsas, B., Rosenblum, M., Kim, J. H. Partial volume tolerance of the spinal cord and complications of single-dose radiosurgery. Cancer 109, 628-636 (2007)
68. Sahgal, A., Ma, L., Gibbs, I., Gerszten, P. C., Ryu, S., Soltys, S., Weinberg, V., Wong, S., Chang, E., Fowler, J., Larson, D. A. Spinal cord tolerance for stereotactic body radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 77, 548-553 (2010).