Subglacial bed deformation and dynamics of the Apriķi glacial tongue, W Latvia

Boreas

Volumn 41, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 124-140

  Saks, Tomas ^a   Kalvans, Andis ^a   Zelčs, Vitačlijs ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LATVIA   (Latvia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BEDFORM; BEDROCK; DEFORMATION MECHANISM; DIAPIR; DRUMLIN; GLACIATION; GLACIER DYNAMICS; HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY; ICE FLOW; OLDER DRYAS; PERMEABILITY; PORE PRESSURE; POREWATER; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION; SUBGLACIAL DEPOSIT; SUBGLACIAL ENVIRONMENT;

LATVIA;

EID: 83855160908     PISSN: 03009483     EISSN: 15023885     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1502-3885.2011.00222.x     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Āboltiņš, O., Vaitekunas, P., Danilāns, I., Karukapp, R., Klive, G., Raukas, A., Rothko, L., Chebotareva, N. S. & Yanke, V. 1977: The Baltic ice stream. InChebotareva, N. S. (ed.): The Structure and Dynamics of the Last Ice Sheet of Europe, 17-44. Nauka, Moscow (in Russian).
2. Āboltiņš, O. P., Veinbergs, I., Danilans, I., Stelle, V., Straume, J., Eberhards, G. & Yušhkevichs, V. 1972: Main features of glacial morphogenesis and peculiarities of last ice sheet deglaciation in the territory of Latvia. InDanilāns, I. & Āboltiņš, O. P. (eds): Guidebook of the Field Symposium of the Third All-Union Joint Meeting on Marginal Formations of Continental Glaciation, 3-16. Latvian State University, Riga (in Russian).
3. Alley, R. B. 1991: Deforming-bed origin for southern Laurentide till sheets. Journal of Glaciology 37, 67-76.
4. Alley, R. B. 1993: In search of ice stream sticky spots. Journal of Glaciology 39, 447-454.
5. Benn, D. I. & Evans, D. J. A. 1996: The interpretations and classification of subglacially deformed materials. Quaternary Science Reviews 15, 23-52.
6. Bitinas, A., Karmaziene, D. & Jusiene, A. 2004: Glaciolacustrine kame terraces as an indicator of conditions of deglaciation in Lithuania during Last Glaciation. Sedimentary Geology 165, 285-294.
7. Boulton, G. S. 1986: A paradigm shift in glaciology? Nature 322, 18.
8. Boulton, G. S. 1996: Theory of glacial erosion, transport and deposition as a consequence of subglacial sediment deformation. Journal of Glaciology 42, 43-62.
9. Boulton, G. S. & Hindmarsh, R. C. A. 1987: Sediment deformation beneath glaciers: rheology and geological consequences. Journal of Geophysical Research 92, 9059-9082.
10. Boulton, G. S., Dongelmans, P., Punkari, M. & Broadgate, M. 2001: Palaeoglaciology of an ice sheet through a glacial cycle: the European ice sheet through the Weichselian. Quaternary Science Reviews 20, 591-625.
11. Camuti, K. S. & McGuire, P. T. 1999: Preparation of polished thin sections from poorly consolidated regolith and sediment materials. Sedimentary Geology 128, 171-178.
12. Carr, S. C. & Lee, J. A. 1998: Thin-section production of diamicts - problems and solutions. Journal of Sedimentary Research 68, 217-220.
13. Christoffersen, P. & Tulaczyk, S. 2003a: Response of subglacial sediments to basal freeze-on 1. Theory and comparision to observations from beneath the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. Journal of Geophysical Research 108(B4), 2222-2238.
14. Christoffersen, P. & Tulaczyk, S. 2003b: Signature of paleo-ice-stream stagnation: till consolidation induced by basal freeze-on. Boreas 32, 114-129.
15. Clark, C. D. & Stokes, C. R. 2001: Extent and basal characteristics of the M'Clintock channel ice stream. Quaternary International 86, 81-101.
16. Clark, P. U. 1994: Unstable behaviour of the Laurentide Ice Sheet over deforming sediment and its implications for the climate change. Quaternary Research 41, 19-25.
17. Clark, P. U. 1995: Fast glacier flow over soft beds. Science 267, 43-44.
18. Clayton, L., Mickelson, D. M. & Attig, J. W. 1989: Evidence against pervasively deformed bed material beneath rapidly moving lobes of the southern Laurentide Ice Sheet. Sedimentary Geology 62, 203-208.
19. Ehlers, J. 1996: Quaternary and Glacial Geology. 579 pp. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester.
20. Evans, D. J. A., Phillips, E. R., Hiemstra, J. F. & Auton, C. A. 2006: Subglacial till: Formation, sedimentary characteristics and classification. Earth-Science Reviews 78, 115-176.
21. Fisher, N. I., Huntington, J. F., Jackett, D. R., Willcox, M. E. & Creasey, J. W. 1985: Spatial analysis of two-dimensional orientation data. Mathematical Geology 17, 177-194.
22. Gaigalas, A., Gudelis, V., Spriņǵis, K., Konshin, G., Savvaitov, A., Veinbergs, I. & Raukas, A. 1967: Orientation of pebble long axes in the tills of the last glaciation in the East Baltic region and its relation to ice sheet shrinkage. Baltica 3, 215-233.
23. Hindmarsh, R. C. A. & Rijsdik, K. F. 2000: Use of a viscous model of till rheology to describe gravitational loading instabilities in glacial sediments. InMaltman, A. J., Hubbard, B. & Hambrey, M. J. (eds): Deformation of Glacial Materials, 191-201. Geological Society Publishing House, Bath. Special Publication 176.
24. Hindmarsh, R. C. A. & Stokes, C. R. 2008: Formation mechanisms for ice-stream lateral shear margin moraines. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 33, 610-626.
25. Jørgensen, F. & Piotrowski, J. A. 2003: Signature of the Baltic Ice Stream on Funen Island, Denmark during the Weichselian glaciation. Boreas 32, 242-255.
26. Juškevičs, V., Kondratjeva, S., Mūrnieks, A. & Mūrniece, S. 1998: Geological map of Latvia. Scale 1:200, 000. InĀboltiņš, O. P. & Kuršs, V. (eds): Explanatory Note and Map, Sheet 41 - Ventspils, 48 pp. State Geological Survey, Riga (in Latvian).
27. Kalniņa, L. 2001: Middle and Late Pleistocene environmental changes recorded in the Latvian part of the Baltic Sea basin. Quaternaria A9, 173 pp.
28. Kalniņa, L., Dreimanis, A. & Mūrniece, S. 2000: Palynology and lithostratigraphy of Late Elsterian to Early Saalian aquatic sediments in the Ziemupe-Jūrkalne area, western Latvia. Quaternary International 68-71, 87-109.
29. Kalvāns, A. & Saks, T. 2008: Two dimensional apparent microfabric of the basal Late Weichselian till and associated shear zone: case study from western Latvia. Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences 57, 241-255.
30. Kleman, J. & Borgström, I. 1994: Glacial landforms indicative of a partly frozen bed. Journal of Glaciology 40, 255-264.
31. Knight, J. 2002: Glacial sedimentary evidence supporting stick-slip basal ice flow. Quaternary Science Reviews 21, 975-983.
32. Kuršs, V. 1992: Devonian Terrigenous Deposition on the Main Devonian Field. 208 pp. Zinātne, Riga (in Russian).
33. Maltman, A. J., Hubbard, B. & Hambrey, M. J. 2000: Deformation of glacial materials: introduction and overview. InMaltman, A. J., Hubbard, B. & Hambrey, M. J. (eds): Deformation of Glacial Materials, 1-9. Geological Society Publishing House, Bath. Special Publication 176.
34. van der Meer, J. J. M., Menzies, J. & Rose, J. 2003: Subglacial till: the deforming glacier bed. Quaternary Science Reviews 22, 1659-1685.
35. Meirons, Z. & Straume, J. 1979: Cenozoic group. InMisans, J., Brangulis, A., Danilans, I. & Kuršs, V. (eds): Geological Structure and Mineral Resources of Latvia, 176-268. Zinātne, Riga (in Russian).
36. Meirons, Z., Straume, J. & Juškevičs, V. 1976: Main varieties of the marginal formations and deglaciation of the last glaciation in the territory of Latvian SSR. InDanilāns, I. (ed.): Problems of Quaternary Geology, 9, 50-73. Zinātne, Riga (in Russian).
37. Murray, T. 1997: Assessing the paradigm shift: deformable glacier beds. Quaternary Science Reviews 16, 995-1016.
38. Murray, T., Stuart, G. W., Miller, P. J., Woodward, J., Smith, A. M., Porter, P. R. & Jiskoot, H. 2000: Glacier surge propagation by thermal evolution of the bed. Journal of Geophysical Research 105(B6), 13491-13507.
39. Piotrowski, J. A., Larsen, N. J. & Junge, F. W. 2004: Reflections on soft subglacial beds as a mosaic of deforming and stable spots. Quaternary Science Reviews 23, 993-1000.
40. Piotrowski, J. A., Mickelson, D. A., Tulaczyk, S., Krzyszkowski, D. & Junge, F. W. 2001: Were deforming subglacial beds beneath past ice sheets really widespread? Quaternary International 86, 139-150.
41. Rattas, M. & Piotrowski, J. A. 2003: Influence of bedrock permeability and till grain size on the formation of the Saadjärve drumlin field, Estonia, under an east-Baltic Weichselian ice stream. Boreas 32, 167-177.
42. Raukas, A., Āboltiņš, O. & Gaigalas, A. 1995: Deglaciation of the territory. InSchirmer, W. (ed.): Quaternary Field Trips in Central Europe, 1, 148-151. Verlag Friedrich Pfeil, München.
43. Raymond, C. F., Catania, G. A., Nereson, N. & van der Veen, C. J. 2006: Bed reflectivity across the north margin of Whillans Ice Stream, West Antarctica, and implications for margin migration. Journal of Glaciology 52, 3-10.
44. Rijsdijk, K. F., Geraint, O., Warren, P. W., McCarrol, D. & van der Meer, J. J. M. 1999: Clastic dykes in over-consolidated tills: evidence for subglacial hydrofracturing at Killiney Bay, eastern Ireland. Sedimentary Geology 129, 111-126.
45. Saks, T., Kalvāns, A. & Zelčs, V. 2007: Structure and micromorphology of glacial and non-glacial deposits in coastal bluffs at Sensala, Western Latvia. Baltica 20, 19-27.
46. Saks, T., Kalvāns, A. & Zelčs, V. In press: OSL dating evidence of Middle Weichselian age of shallow basin sediments in Western Latvia, Eastern Baltic. Quaternary Science Reviews.
47. Segliņš, V. 1987: Pleistocene Stratigraphy of Western Latvia. Compendium of Partial Fulfilment of Requirements of the Candidate of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences. PhD Thesis, Academy of Sciences of Estonia, Tallin, 14 pp. (in Russian).
48. Stokes, C. R. & Clark, C. D. 2002a: Ice stream shear margin moraines. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 27, 547-558.
49. Stokes, C. R. & Clark, C. D. 2002b: Are long subglacial bedforms indicative of fast ice flow? Boreas 31, 239-249.
50. Stokes, C. R. & Clark, C. D. 2003: The Dubawnt Lake palaeo-ice stream: evidence for dynamic ice sheet behaviour on the Canadian Shield and insights regarding the controls on ice-stream location and vigour. Boreas 32, 263-279.
51. Stokes, C. R., Clark, C. D., Lian, O. & Tulaczyk, S. 2006: Geomorphological map of ribbed moraine on the Dubawnt Lake Ice Stream bed: a signature of ice stream shut-down? Journal of Maps 2006, 1-9.
52. Stokes, C. R., Clark, C. D., Lian, O. & Tulaczyk, S. 2007: Ice stream sticky spots: a review of their identification and influence beneath contemporary and palaeo-ice streams. Earth Science Reviews 81, 217-249.
53. Straume, J. 1979: Geomorphology. InMisāns, J., Brangulis, A., Danilāns, I. & Kuršs, V. (eds): Geological Structure and Mineral Resources of Latvia, 297-439. Zinātne, Riga (in Russian).
54. Thomason, J. F. & Iverson, N. R. 2006: Microfabric and microshear evolution in deformed till. Quaternary Science Reviews 25, 1027-1038.
55. Van Landeghem, K. J. J., Wheeler, A. J. & Mitchell, N. C. 2009: Seafloor evidence for palaeo-ice streaming and calving of the grounded Irish Sea Ice Stream: Implications for the interpretation of its final deglaciation phase. Boreas 38, 119-131.
56. Veinbergs, I. 1964: Coastal morphology and dynamics of the Baltic Ice Lake on the territory of the Latvian SSR. InDanilāns, I. (ed.): Questions of Quaternary Geology III, 331-369. Zinātne, Riga (in Russian).
57. Veinbergs, I. 1972: Marginal landforms (Western Latvia is used to illustrate). InGoretskiy, G. I., Pogulayev, D. I. & Shick, S. M. (eds): Marginal Formations of Continental Glaciations, 37-45. Nauka, Moscow (in Russian).
58. Waller, R., Van Dijk, T. A. G. P. & Knudsen, Ó. 2007: Subglacial bedforms and conditions associated with the 1991 surge of Skei{eth}arárjökull, Iceland. Boreas 37, 179-194.
59. Zelčs, V. & Dreimanis, A. 1997: Morphology, internal structure and genesis of the Burtnieks drumlin field, Northern Vidzeme, Latvia. Journal of Sedimentary Geology 111, 73-90.
60. Zelčs, V. & Markots, A. 2004: Deglaciation history of Latvia. InEhlers, J. & Gibbard, P. L. (eds): Quaternary Glaciations - Extent and Chronology of Glaciations. Part I: Europe, 225-244Developments in Quaternary Science 2. Elsevier, Rotterdam.