Unsulfated cholecystokinin: An overlooked hormone?

Regulatory Peptides

Volumn 173, Issue 1-3, 2012, Pages 1-5

  Rehfeld, Jens F ^a   Agersnap, Mikkel ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN   (Denmark)

Author keywords

CCK receptors; Cholecystokinin (CCK); Gastrin; Gut hormones; O sulfation

Indexed keywords

CHOLECYSTOKININ; CHOLECYSTOKININ A RECEPTOR; CHOLECYSTOKININ B RECEPTOR; CHOLECYSTOKININ RECEPTOR; GASTRIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNSULFATED CHOLECYSTOKININ;

BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY; CARBOXY TERMINAL SEQUENCE; GALLBLADDER EMPTYING; HORMONE ACTION; HORMONE DETERMINATION; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; PEPTIDE ANALYSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN PROCESSING; PROTEIN PURIFICATION; RECEPTOR AFFINITY; REVIEW; SULFATION; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; TISSUE SPECIFICITY;

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; ANIMALS; CHOLECYSTOKININ; GENE EXPRESSION; HUMANS; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; ORGAN SPECIFICITY; PROTEIN ISOFORMS; PROTEIN PROCESSING, POST-TRANSLATIONAL; RECEPTORS, CHOLECYSTOKININ; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TYROSINE;

EID: 83255193972     PISSN: 01670115     EISSN: 18731686     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.regpep.2011.09.009     Document Type: Review

References (63)

1. Rehfeld J.F. Cholecystokinin. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004, 18:569-586.
2. Rehfeld J.F., Friis-Hansen L., Goetze J.P., Hansen T.V. The biology of cholecystokinin and gastrin peptides. Curr Top Med Chem 2007, 7:1154-1165.
3. Mutt V., Jorpes J.E. Structure of porcine cholecystokinin-pancreozymin. 1. Cleavage with thrombin and with trypsin. Eur J Biochem 1968, 6:156-162.
4. Mutt V., Jorpes J.E. Hormonal polypeptides of the upper intestine. Biochem J 1971, 125:57P-58P.
5. Wank S.A. Cholecystokinin receptors. Am J Physiol 1995, 269:G628-G646.
6. Wank S.A., Harkins R., Jensen R.T., Shapira H., de WA, Slattery T. Purification, molecular cloning, and functional expression of the cholecystokinin receptor from rat pancreas. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1992, 89:3125-3129.
7. Kopin A.S., Lee Y.M., McBride E.W., Miller L.J., Lu M., Lin H.Y., et al. Expression cloning and characterization of the canine parietal cell gastrin receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1992, 89:3605-3609.
8. Dufresne M., Seva C., Fourmy D. Cholecystokinin and gastrin receptors. Physiol Rev 2006, 86:805-847.
9. Noble F., Wank S.A., Crawley J.N., Bradwejn J., Seroogy K.B., Hamon M., Roques B.P. International Union of Pharmacology. XXI. Structure, distribution, and functions of cholecystokinin receptors. Pharmacol Rev 1999, 51:745-781.
10. Noble F., Roques B.P. CCK-B receptor: chemistry, molecular biology, biochemistry and pharmacology. Prog Neurobiol 1999, 58:349-379.
11. Rehfeld J.F., Hansen H.F. Characterization of preprocholecystokinin products in the porcine cerebral cortex. Evidence of different processing pathways. J Biol Chem 1986, 261:5832-5840.
12. Rehfeld J.F., Goltermann N.R. Immunochemical evidence of cholecystokinin tetrapeptides in hog brain. J Neurochem 1979, 32:1339-1341.
13. Bonetto V., Jornvall H., Andersson M., Renlund S., Mutt V., Sillard R. Isolation and characterization of sulphated and nonsulphated forms of cholecystokinin-58 and their action on gallbladder contraction. Eur J Biochem 1999, 264:336-340.
14. Shively J., Reeve J.R., Eysselein V.E., Ben-Avram C., Vigna S.R., Walsh J.H. CCK-5: sequence analysis of a small cholecystokinin from canine brain and intestine. Am J Physiol 1987, 252:G272-G275.
15. Saito A., Sankaran H., Goldfine I.D., Williams J.A. Cholecystokinin receptors in the brain: characterization and distribution. Science 1980, 208:1155-1156.
16. Larsson L.I., Rehfeld J.F. Localization and molecular heterogeneity of cholecystokinin in the central and peripheral nervous system. Brain Res 1979, 165:201-218.
17. Rehfeld J.F. Immunochemical studies on cholecystokinin. II. Distribution and molecular heterogeneity in the central nervous system and small intestine of man and hog. J Biol Chem 1978, 253:4022-4030.
18. Dockray G.J., Gregory R.A., Hutchison J.B., Harris J.I., Runswick M.J. Isolation, structure and biological activity of two cholecystokinin octapeptides from sheep brain. Nature 1978, 274:711-713.
19. Reeve J.R., Eysselein V., Walsh J.H., Ben-Avram C.M., Shively J.E. New molecular forms of cholecystokinin. Microsequence analysis of forms previously characterized by chromatographic methods. J Biol Chem 1986, 261:16392-16397.
20. Buffa R., Solcia E., Go V.L. Immunohistochemical identification of the cholecystokinin cell in the intestinal mucosa. Gastroenterology 1976, 70:528-532.
21. Rehfeld J.F. Preprocholecystokinin processing in the normal human anterior pituitary. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1987, 84:3019-3023.
22. Rehfeld J.F., Lindholm J., Andersen B.N., Bardram L., Cantor P., Fenger M., Ludecke D.K. Pituitary tumors containing cholecystokinin. N Engl J Med 1987, 316:1244-1247.
23. Vizi S.E., Bertaccini G., Impicciatore M., Knoll J. Evidence that acetylcholine released by gastrin and related polypeptides contributes to their effect on gastrointestinal motility. Gastroenterology 1973, 64:268-277.
24. Larsson L.I., Rehfeld J.F. Peptidergic and adrenergic innervation of pancreatic ganglia. Scand J Gastroenterol 1979, 14:433-437.
25. Rehfeld J.F., Larsson L.I., Goltermann N.R., Schwartz T.W., Holst J.J., Jensen S.L., Morley J.S. Neural regulation of pancreatic hormone secretion by the C-terminal tetrapeptide of CCK. Nature 1980, 284:33-38.
26. Dockray G.J., Gregory R.A., Tracy H.J., Zhu W.Y. Transport of cholecystokinin-octapeptide-like immunoreactivity toward the gut in afferent vagal fibres in cat and dog. J Physiol 1981, 314:501-511.
27. Rehfeld J.F., Lundberg J.M. Cholecystokinin in feline vagal and sciatic nerves: concentration, molecular form and transport velocity. Brain Res 1983, 275:341-347.
28. Liddle R.A., Goldfine I.D., Rosen M.S., Taplitz R.A., Williams J.A. Cholecystokinin bioactivity in human plasma. Molecular forms, responses to feeding, and relationship to gallbladder contraction. J Clin Invest 1985, 75:1144-1152.
29. Himeno S., Tarui S., Kanayama S., Kuroshima T., Shinomura Y., Hayashi C., et al. Plasma cholecystokinin responses after ingestion of liquid meal and intraduodenal infusion of fat, amino acids, or hydrochloric acid in man: analysis with region specific radioimmunoassay. Am J Gastroenterol 1983, 78:703-707.
30. Rehfeld J.F. How to measure cholecystokinin in tissue, plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. Regul Pept 1998, 78:31-39.
31. Emson P.C., Lee C.M., Rehfeld J.F. Cholecystokinin octapeptide: vesicular localization and calcium dependent release from rat brain in vitro. Life Sci 1980, 26:2157-2163.
32. Rehfeld J.F., Hansen H.F., Larsson L.I., Stengaard-Pedersen K., Thorn N.A. Gastrin and cholecystokinin in pituitary neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1984, 81:1902-1905.
33. Rehfeld J.F., Sun G., Christensen T., Hillingso J.G. The predominant cholecystokinin in human plasma and intestine is cholecystokinin-33. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001, 86:251-258.
34. Maton P.N., Selden A.C., Chadwick V.S. Differential distribution of molecular forms of cholecystokinin in human and porcine small intestinal mucosa. Regul Pept 1984, 8:9-19.
35. Rehfeld J.F. Accurate measurement of cholecystokinin in plasma. Clin Chem 1998, 44:991-1001.
36. Kerstens P.J., Lamers C.B., Jansen J.B., de Jong A.J., Hessels M., Hafkenscheid J.C. Physiological plasma concentrations of cholecystokinin stimulate pancreatic enzyme secretion and gallbladder contraction in man. Life Sci 1985, 36:565-569.
37. Solomon T.E., Yamada T., Elashoff J., Wood J., Beglinger C. Bioactivity of cholecystokinin analogues: CCK-8 is not more potent than CCK-33. Am J Physiol 1984, 247:G105-G111.
38. Rehfeld J.F., van Solinge W.W. The tumor biology of gastrin and cholecystokinin. Adv Cancer Res 1994, 63:295-347.
39. Rehfeld J.F. The endoproteolytic maturation of progastrin and procholecystokinin. J Mol Med 2006, 84:544-550.
40. Rehfeld J.F., Bundgaard J.R., Hannibal J., Zhu X., Norrbom C., Steiner D.F., Friis-Hansen L. The cell-specific pattern of cholecystokinin peptides in endocrine cells versus neurons is governed by the expression of prohormone convertases 1/3, 2, and 5/6. Endocrinology 2008, 149:1600-1608.
41. Bundgaard J.R., Vuust J., Rehfeld J.F. New consensus features for tyrosine O-sulfation determined by mutational analysis. J Biol Chem 1997, 272:21700-21705.
42. Bundgaard J.R., Sen J.W., Johnsen A.H., Rehfeld J.F. Analysis of tyrosine-O-sulfation. Methods Mol Biol 2008, 446:47-66.
43. Rehfeld J.F., Johnsen A.H., ødum L., Bardram L., Schifter S., Scopsi L. Non-sulphated cholecystokinin in human medullary thyroid carcinomas. J Endocrinol 1990, 124:501-506.
44. Rehfeld J.F. Localisation of gastrins to neuro- and adenohypophysis. Nature 1978, 271:771-773.
45. Rehfeld J.F., Larsson L.I. Pituitary gastrins. Different processing in corticotrophs and melanotrophs. J Biol Chem 1981, 256:10426-10429.
46. Rehfeld J.F. Accumulation of nonamidated preprogastrin and preprocholecystokinin products in porcine pituitary corticotrophs. Evidence of post-translational control of cell differentiation. J Biol Chem 1986, 261:5841-5847.
47. Rehfeld J.F. The expression of progastrin, procholecystokinin and their hormonal products in pituitary cells. J Mol Endocrinol 1988, 1:87-94.
48. Rehfeld J.F. How to measure cholecystokinin in plasma?. Gastroenterology 1984, 87:434-438.
49. Hughes J., Smith T.W., Kosterlitz H.W., Fothergill L.A., Morgan B.A., Morris H.R. Identification of two related pentapeptides from the brain with potent opiate agonist activity. Nature 1975, 258:577-580.
50. Yang H.Y., Fratta W., Majane E.A., Costa E. Isolation, sequencing, synthesis, and pharmacological characterization of two brain neuropeptides that modulate the action of morphine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1985, 82:7757-7761.
51. Rehfeld J.F. Effect of gastrin and its C-terminal tetrapeptide on insulin secretion in man. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1971, 66:169-176.
52. Reubi J.C., Waser B., Gugger M., Friess H., Kleeff J., Kayed H., et al. Distribution of CCK1 and CCK2 receptors in normal and diseased human pancreatic tissue. Gastroenterology 2003, 125:98-106.
53. Suarez-Pinzon W.L., Power R.F., Yan Y., Wasserfall C., Atkinson M., Rabinovitch A. Combination therapy with glucagon-like peptide-1 and gastrin restores normoglycemia in diabetic NOD mice. Diabetes 2008, 57:3281-3288.
54. Rehfeld J.F. Incretin physiology beyond glucagon-like peptide 1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide: cholecystokinin and gastrin peptides. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2011, 201:405-411.
55. Pories W.J., Swanson M.S., MacDonald K.G., Long S.B., Morris P.G., Brown B.M., et al. Who would have thought it? An operation proves to be the most effective therapy for adult-onset diabetes mellitus. Ann Surg 1995, 222:339-350.
56. Cummings D.E., Overduin J., Foster-Schubert K.E. Gastric bypass for obesity: mechanisms of weight loss and diabetes resolution. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004, 89:2608-2615.
57. Polyzogopoulou E.V., Kalfarentzos F., Vagenakis A.G., Alexandrides T.K. Restoration of euglycemia and normal acute insulin response to glucose in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes following bariatric surgery. Diabetes 2003, 52:1098-1103.
58. Jacobsen S H, Olesen SC, Dirksen C, Jørgensen N, Møller AKB, Kielgast U, Worm D, Almdal T, Naver LS, Hvolris LE, Rehfeld JF, Clausen TR, Wulff BS, Holst JJ, Hansen DL, Madsbad S. Changes in gastrointestinal hormone responses, insulin sensitivity and betacell function within two weeks after gastric bypass in non-diabetic subjects. Obesity Surg submitted for publication.
59. Jensen S., Borch K., Hilsted L., Rehfeld J.F. Progastrin processing during antral G-cell hypersecretion in humans. Gastroenterology 1989, 96:1063-1070.
60. Reubi J.C., Waser B. Unexpected high incidence of cholecystokinin-B/gastrin receptors in human medullary thyroid carcinomas. Int J Cancer 1996, 67:644-647.
61. Cooper C.W., Schwesinger W.H., Mahgoub A.M., Ontjes D.A. Thyrocalcitonin: stimulation of secretion by pentagastrin. Science 1971, 172:1238-1240.
62. Laurberg P., Rehfeld J.F. Cholecystokinin peptides as local modulators of thyroidal calcitonin secretion in the dog?. J Endocrinol 1987, 115:77-82.
63. Reubi J.C., Koefoed P., Hansen T.O., Stauffer E., Rauch D., Nielsen F.C., Rehfeld J.F. Procholecystokinin as marker of human Ewing sarcomas. Clin Cancer Res 2004, 10:5523-5530.