Prospective analysis of association between use of statins or other lipid-lowering agents and colorectal cancer risk

Annals of Epidemiology

Volumn 22, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 17-27

  Simon, Michael S ^a,b   Rosenberg, Carol A ^c   Rodabough, Rebecca J ^d   Greenland, Phillip ^e   Ockene, Ira ^f   Roy, Hemant K ^c   Lane, Dorothy S ^g   Cauley, Jane A ^h   Khandekar, Janardan ^c  

^a WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b WAYNE STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c NORTHSHORE UNIVERSITY HEALTHSYSTEM   (United States)

^d Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center   (United States)

^e NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^f UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^g STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^h UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH   (United States)

Author keywords

Cancer Risk; Cohort Study; Colorectal Cancer; Statins

Indexed keywords

ANTILIPEMIC AGENT; ATORVASTATIN; CERIVASTATIN; COLESTIPOL; COLESTYRAMINE; FIBRIC ACID DERIVATIVE; FLUINDOSTATIN; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; MEVINOLIN; NICOTINIC ACID; PRAVASTATIN; PROBUCOL; ROSUVASTATIN; SIMVASTATIN;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CANCER INCIDENCE; CANCER RISK; CANCER SIZE; COLORECTAL CANCER; FEMALE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; POSTMENOPAUSE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; RISK REDUCTION;

AGED; ANTHROPOMETRY; CHI-SQUARE DISTRIBUTION; COLORECTAL NEOPLASMS; DEMOGRAPHY; FEMALE; HUMANS; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL-COA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS; MIDDLE AGED; POSTMENOPAUSE; PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS MODELS; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; QUESTIONNAIRES; RISK; TIME FACTORS; UNITED STATES;

EID: 83055186553     PISSN: 10472797     EISSN: 18732585     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2011.10.006     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. American Cancer Society Cancer Facts & Figures 2010 2010, American Cancer Society, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA.
2. Cunningham D., Atkin W., Lenz H.J., Lynch H.T., Minsky B., Nordlinger B., et al. Colorectal cancer. Lancet 2010, 375:1030-1047.
3. Swan J., Breen N., Coates R.J., Rimer B.K., Lee N.C. Progress in cancer screening practices in the United States: results from the 2000 National Health Interview Survey. Cancer 2003, 97:1528-1540.
4. Wilkins T., Reynolds P.L. Colorectal cancer: A summary of the evidence for screening and prevention. Am Fam Physician 2008, 78:1385-1392.
5. Grau M.V., Sandler R.S., Keown-Eyssen G., Bresalier R.S., Haile R.W., Barry E.L., et al. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use after 3 years of aspirin use and colorectal adenoma risk: Observational follow-up of a randomized study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2009, 101:267-276.
6. Flood A., Peters U., Chatterjee N., Lacey J.V., Schairer C., Schatzkin A. Calcium from diet and supplements is associated with reduced risk of colorectal cancer in a prospective cohort of women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2005, 14:126-132.
7. Howe G.R., Benito E., Castelleto R., Cornee J., Esteve J., Gallagher R.P., et al. Dietary intake of fiber and decreased risk of cancers of the colon and rectum: Evidence from the combined analysis of 13 case-control studies. J Natl Cancer Inst 1992, 84:1887-1896.
8. Steinmetz K.A., Potter J.D. Food-group consumption and colon cancer in the Adelaide Case-Control Study. I. Vegetables and fruit. Int J Cancer 1993, 53:711-719.
9. Beresford S.A., Johnson K.C., Ritenbaugh C., Lasser N.L., Snetselaar L.G., Black H.R., et al. Low-fat dietary pattern and risk of colorectal cancer: The Women's Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Dietary Modification Trial. JAMA 2006, 295:643-654.
10. Wactawski-Wende J., Kotchen J.M., Anderson G.L., Assaf A.R., Brunner R.L., O'Sullivan M.J., et al. Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and the risk of colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 2006, 354:684-696.
11. Lievre A., Blons H., Laurent-Puig P. Oncogenic mutations as predictive factors in colorectal cancer. Oncogene 2010, 29:3033-3043.
12. Agarwal B., Halmos B., Feoktistov A.S., Protiva P., Ramey W.G., Chen M., et al. Mechanism of lovastatin-induced apoptosis in intestinal epithelial cells. Carcinogenesis 2002, 23:521-528.
13. Liao J.K. Isoprenoids as mediators of the biological effects of statins. J Clin Invest 2002, 110:285-288.
14. Riganti C., Aldieri E., Doublier S., Bosia A., Ghigo D. Statins-mediated inhibition of rho GTPases as a potential tool in anti-tumor therapy. Mini Rev Med Chem 2008, 8:609-618.
15. Agarwal B., Bhendwal S., Halmos B., Moss S.F., Ramey W.G., Holt P.R. Lovastatin augments apoptosis induced by chemotherapeutic agents in colon cancer cells. Clin Cancer Res 1999, 5:2223-2229.
16. Cho S.J., Kim J.S., Kim J.M., Lee J.Y., Jung H.C., Song I.S. Simvastatin induces apoptosis in human colon cancer cells and in tumor xenografts, and attenuates colitis-associated colon cancer in mice. Int J Cancer 2008, 123:951-957.
17. Notarnicola M., Messa C., Pricci M., Guerra V., Altomare D.F., Montemurro S., et al. Up-regulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity in left-sided human colon cancer. Anticancer Res 2004, 24:3837-3842.
18. Shibata M.A., Ito Y., Morimoto J., Otsuki Y. Lovastatin inhibits tumor growth and lung metastasis in mouse mammary carcinoma model: A p53-independent mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic mechanism. Carcinogenesis 2004, 25:1887-1898.
19. Yasuda Y., Shimizu M., Shirakami Y., Sakai H., Kubota M., Hata K., et al. Pitavastatin inhibits azoxymethane-induced colonic preneoplastic lesions in C57BL/KsJ-db/db obese mice. Cancer Sci 2010, 101:1701-1707.
20. Hong M.Y., Seeram N.P., Zhang Y., Heber D. Chinese redyeast rice versus lovastatin effects on prostate cancer cells with and without androgen receptor overexpression. J Med Food 2008, 11:657-666.
21. Wachtershauser A., Akoglu B., Stein J. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor mevastatin enhances the growth inhibitory effect of butyrate in the colorectal carcinoma cell line Caco-2. Carcinogenesis 2001, 22(7):1061-1067.
22. Yang G., Xizo H., Jin H. Synergistic actions of atorvastatin with gamma-tocotrienol and celecoxib against human colon cancer. Int J Cancer 2010, 126:852-863.
23. Kim K.P., Whitehead C., Piazza G., Wargovich M.J. Combinatorial chemoprevention: Efficacy of lovostatin and exisulind on the formation and progression of aberrant crypt foci. Anticancer Res 2004, 24:1805-1811.
24. Poynter J.N., Gruber S.B., Higgins P.D., Almog R., Bonner J.D., Rennert H.S., et al. Statins and the risk of colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 2005, 352:2184-2192.
25. Bardou M., Barkun A., Martel M. Effect of statin therapy on colorectal cancer. Gut 2010, 59(11):1572-1585.
26. Bonovas S., Filioussi K., Flordellis C.S., Sitaras N.M. Statins and the risk of colorectal cancer: A meta-analysis of 18 studies involving more than 1.5 million patients. J Clin Oncol 2007, 25:3462-3468.
27. Ditah I, Janarthanan S, Kutait A, Tegeja N, Msallaty Z, Kingah P, et al. Statin use and the risk of colorectal cancer: Has recent evidence shifted our opinion? A meta-analysis involving more than 1.7 million participants. Am Coll Gastroenterol, in press.
28. Samadder NJ, Gupta A, Rennert G, Gruber S. Statins and the risk of colorectal cancer: A meta-analysis of 22 observational studies. Am Coll Gastroenterol, in press.
29. Design of the Women's Health Initiative clinical trial and observational study. Control Clin Trials 1998, 19:61-109. The Women's Health Initiative Study Group.
30. Anderson G.L., Manson J., Wallace R., Lund B., Hall D., Davis S., et al. Implementation of the Women's Health Initiative study design. Ann Epidemiol 2003, 13(9 Suppl):S5-S17.
31. Langer R.D., White E., Lewis C.E., Kotchen J.M., Hendrix S.L., Trevisan M. The Women's Health Initiative Observational Study: Baseline characteristics of participants and reliability of baseline measures. Ann Epidemiol 2003, 13(9 Suppl):S107-S121.
32. Hamelin B.A., Turgeon J. Hydrophilicity/lipophilicity: Relevance for the pharmacology and clinical effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Trends Pharmacol Sci 1998, 19:26-37.
33. Schachter M. Chemical, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of statins: An update. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2005, 19:117-125.
34. Bischoff H., Heller A.H. Preclinical and clinical pharmacology of cerivastatin. Am J Cardiol 1998, 82(4B):18J-25J.
35. Davidson M.H. Rosuvastatin: A highly efficacious statin for the treatment of dyslipidaemia. Exp Opin Invest Drugs 2002, 11:125-141.
36. Duncan R.E., El-Sohemy A., Archer M.C. Statins and the risk of cancer. JAMA 2006, 295:2720-2722.
37. Jones P., Kafonek S., Laurora I., Hunninghake D. Comparative dose efficacy study of atorvastatin versus simvastatin, pravastatin, lovastatin, and fluvastatin in patients with hypercholesterolemia (the CURVES study). Am J Cardiol 1998, 81:582-587.
38. Curb J.D., McTiernan A., Heckbert S.R., Kooperberg C., Stanford J., Nevitt M., et al. Outcomes ascertainment and adjudication methods in the Women's Health Initiative. Ann Epidemiol 2003, 13(9 Suppl):S122-S128.
39. Patterson R.E., Kristal A.R., Tinker L.F., Carter R.A., Bolton M.P., gurs-Collins T. Measurement characteristics of the Women's Health Initiative food frequency questionnaire. Ann Epidemiol 1999, 9(3):178-187.
40. Blais L., Desgagne A., LeLorier J. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors and the risk of cancer: A nested case-control study. Arch Intern Med 2000, 160:2363-2368.
41. Graaf M.R., Beiderbeck A.B., Egberts A.C., Richel D.J., Guchelaar H.J. The risk of cancer in users of statins. J Clin Oncol 2004, 22:2388-2394.
42. Singh H., Mahmud S.M., Turner D., Xue L., Demers A.A., Bernstein C.N. Long-term use of statins and risk of colorectal cancer: A population-based study. Am J Gastroenterol 2009, 104:3015-3023.
43. Farwell W.R., Scranton R.E., Lawler E.V., Lew R.A., Brophy M.T., Fiore L.D., et al. The association between statins and cancer incidence in a veteran's population. J Natl Cancer Inst 2008, 100:134-139.
44. Karp I., Behlouli H., LeLorier J., Pilote L. Statins and cancer risk. Am J Med 2008, 121:302-309.
45. Flick E.D., Habel L.A., Chan K.A., Haque R., Quinn V.P., Van Den Eeden S.K., et al. Statin use and risk of colorectal cancer in a cohort of middle-aged men in the US: A prospective cohort study. Drugs 2009, 69:1445-1457.
46. Friis S., Poulsen A.H., Johnsen S.P., McLaughlin J.K., Fryzek J.P., Dalton S.O., et al. Cancer risk among statin users: A population-based cohort study. Int J Cancer 2005, 114:643-647.
47. Haukka J., Sankila R., Klaukka T., Lonnqvist J., Niskanen L., Tanskanen A., et al. Incidence of cancer and statin usage-record linkage study. Int J Cancer 2010, 126:279-284.
48. Jacobs E.J., Rodriguez C., Brady K.A., Connell C.J., Thun M.J., Calle E.E. Cholesterol-lowering drugs and colorectal cancer incidence in a large United States cohort. J Natl Cancer Inst 2006, 98:69-72.
49. Setoguchi S., Glynn R.J., Avorn J., Mogun H., Schneeweiss S. Statins and the risk of lung, breast, and colorectal cancer in the elderly. Circulation 2007, 115:27-33.
50. Cauley J.A., McTiernan A., Rodabough R.J., Lacroix A., Bauer D.C., Margolis K.L., et al. Statin use and breast cancer: Prospective results from the Women's Health Initiative. J Natl Cancer Inst 2006, 98:700-707.
51. Medina M.W. The relationship between HMGCR genetic variation, alternative splicing, and statin efficacy. Discov Med 2010, 9:495-499.
52. Lipkin S.M., Chao E.C., Moreno V., Rozek L.S., Rennert H., Pinchev M., et al. Genetic variation in 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase modifies the chemopreventive activity of statins for colorectal cancer. Cancer Prev Res (Phila Pa) 2010, 3:597-603.