A face only an investor could love: CEOs' facial structure predicts their firms' financial performance

Psychological Science

Volumn 22, Issue 12, 2011, Pages 1478-1483

  Wong, Elaine M ^a   Ormiston, Margaret E ^b   Haselhuhn, Michael P ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MILWAUKEE   (United States)

^b LONDON BUSINESS SCHOOL   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MILWAUKEE   (United States)

Author keywords

facial features; organizations

Indexed keywords

EID: 83055168371     PISSN: 09567976     EISSN: 14679280     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0956797611418838     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Agle B. R.,Mitchell R. K.,Sonnenfeld J. A.Who matters to CEOs? An investigation of stakeholder attributes and salience, corporate performance, and CEO values.Academy of Management Journal. 1999;42:507-525.
2. Aiken L. S.,West S. G.Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 1991:.
3. Barr P. S.,Stimpert J. L.,Huff A. S.Cognitive change, strategic action, and organizational renewal.Strategic Management Journal. 1992;13:15-36.
4. Bieri J.Cognitive complexity-simplicity and predictive behavior.The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology. 1955;51:263-268.
5. Carpenter M. A.,Geletkanycz M. A.,Sanders W. M.Upper echelons research revisited: Antecedents, elements, and consequences of top management team composition.Journal of Management. 2004;30:749-778.
6. Carré J. M.,McCormick C. M.In your face: Facial metrics predict aggressive behavior in the laboratory and in varsity and professional hockey players.Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 2008;275:2651-2656.
7. Carré J. M.,McCormick C. M.,Mondloch C. J.Facial structure is a reliable cue of aggressive behavior.Psychological Science. 2009;20:1194-1198.
8. Cho T. S.,Hambrick D. C.The case of airline deregulation.Organization Science. 2006;17:453-469.
9. Galinsky A. D.,Jordan J.,Sivanathan N. Harnessing power to capture leadership. Social psychology and leadership. Forsyth D.Goethals A.Hoyt C., ed. Westport, CT: Greenwood; 2008:283-299.
10. Gough H.California Psychological Inventory. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press; 1960:.
11. Gruenfeld D. H.,Hollingshead A. B.Sociocognition in work groups: The evolution of group integrative complexity and its relation to task performance.Small Group Research. 1993;24:383-405.
12. Hambrick D. C.,Mason P. A.Upper echelons: The organization as a reflection of its top managers.Academy of Management Review. 1984;9:193-206.
13. Haselhuhn M. P.,Wong E. M.Bad to the bone: Facial structure predicts unethical behaviour.Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences.:.
14. Hermann M. G.Assessing leadership style: A trait analysis. Hilliard, OH: Social Science Automation; 1999:.
15. Hogan R.,Hogan J.Assessing leadership: A view from the dark side.International Journal of Selection and Assessment. 2001;9:40-51.
16. Janis I. L.,Mann L.Decision making: A psychological analysis of conflict, choice and commitment. New York, NY: Free Press; 1977:.
17. Judge T. A.,Piccolo R. F.,Kosalka T.The bright and dark side of leader traits: A review and theoretical extension of the leader trait paradigm.The Leadership Quarterly. 2009;20:855-875.
18. Keltner D.,Gruenfeld D. H.,Anderson C.Power, approach, and inhibition.Psychological Review. 2003;110:265-284.
19. Livingston R. W.,Pearce N. A.The teddy-bear effect: Does having a baby face benefit black chief executive officers?.Psychological Science. 2009;20:1229-1236.
20. MacMillanD. (2008, March4). The issue: Immelt's unpopular idea. Bloomberg Businessweek. Retrieved from http://www.businessweek.com/managing/content/mar2008/ca2008034_906295.htm.
21. McClelland P. L.,Liang X.,Barker V. L.CEO commitment to the status quo: Replication and extension using content analysis.Journal of Management. 2010;36:1251-1277.
22. Overbeck J. R.,Park B.When power does not corrupt: Superior individual processes among powerful perceivers.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2001;81:549-565.
23. Peterson R. S.,Owens P. D.,Tetlock P. E.,Fan E. T.,Martorana P. V.Group dynamics in top management teams: Groupthink, vigilance, and alternative models of organizational failure and success.Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. 1998;73:272-305.
24. RasbandW. S. (2011). ImageJ [Computer software]. Retrieved from http://imagej.nih.gov/ij/.
25. Rule N. O.,Ambady N.The face of success: Inferences from chief executive officers' appearance predict company profits.Psychological Science. 2008;19:109-111.
26. Stirrat M.,Perrett D. I.Valid facial cues to cooperation and trust: Male facial width and trustworthiness.Psychological Science. 2010;21:349-354.
27. Todorov A.,Mandisodza A. N.,Goren A.,Hall C. C.Inferences of competence from faces predict election outcomes.Science. 2005;308:1623-1626.
28. Van Vugt M.,Hogan R.,Kaiser R. B.Leadership, followership, and evolution: Some lessons from the past.American Psychologist. 2008;63:182-196.
29. WestonE. M.FridayA. E.LiòP. (2007). Biometric evidence that sexual selection has shaped the hominin face. PLoS ONE, 2(8), e710. Retrieved from http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0000710.
30. Wong E. M.,Ormiston M. E.,Tetlock P. E.The effects of top management team integrative complexity and decentralized decision making on corporate social performance.Academy of Management Journal.:.