Voluntary environmental programs: A comparative perspective

Journal of Policy Analysis and Management

Volumn 31, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 123-138

  Prakash, Aseem ^a   Potoski, Matthew ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 82955249279     PISSN: 02768739     EISSN: 15206688     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/pam.20617     Document Type: Article

References (81)

1. Akerlof, G. (1970). The market for "lemons." Quarterly Journal of Economics, 84, 488-500.
2. Alberini, A., & Segerson, K. (2002). Assessing voluntary programs to improve environmental quality. Environmental and Resource Economics, 22, 157-184.
3. Anton, W., Deltas, G., & Khanna, M. (2004). Incentives for environmental self-regulation and implications for environmental performance. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 48, 632-654.
4. Antweiler, W., Copeland B., & Taylor, S. (2001). Is free trade good for the environment. American Economic Review, 91, 877-908.
5. Arimura, T., Darnall, N., & Katayama, H. (2011). Is ISO 14001 a gateway to more advanced voluntary action. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 61, 170-182.
6. Arimura, T., Hibiki, A., & Katayama, H. (2008). Is a voluntary approach an effective environmental policy instrument. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 55, 281-295.
7. Arora, S., & Cason, T. (1996). Why do firms volunteer to exceed environmental regulations? Understanding participation in EPA's 33/50 program. Land Economics, 72, 413-432.
8. Auld, G., Gulbrandsen, L., & McDermott, C. (2008). Certification schemes and the impacts on forests and forestry. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 33, 187-211.
9. Barrett, M. (2007). Tarred and untarred by the same brush: Exploring interdependence in the volatility of stock returns. Corporate Reputation Review, 10, 3-21.
10. Blackman, A., Afsah, S., & Ratunanda, D. (2004). How do public disclosure pollution control programs work? Evidence from Indonesia. Human Ecology Review, 11, 235-246.
11. Borck, J., & Cogalinese, C. (2009). The effectiveness of voluntary environmental programs. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 34, 305-324.
12. Börzel, T., & Risse, T. (2010). Governance without a state: Can it work. Regulation and Governance, 4, 113-134.
13. Brehm, J., & Hamilton, J. (1996). Noncompliance in environmental reporting: Are violators ignorant, or evasive, of the law. American Journal of Political Science, 40, 444-447.
14. Buchanan, J. (1965). An economic theory of clubs. Economica, 32, 1-14.
15. Bullard, R. (1994). Unequal protection: Environmental justice and communities of color. San Francisco: Sierra Club Books.
16. Carmin, J., Darnall, N., & Mil-Homen, J. (2003). Stakeholder involvement in the design of U.S. voluntary environmental programs. Policy Studies Journal, 31, 527-432.
17. Cashore, B., Auld, G., & Newsom, D. (2004). Governing through markets. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
18. Christini, G., Fetsko, M., & Hendrickson, C. (2004). Environmental management systems and ISO 14001 certification for construction firms. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 130, 330-336.
19. Christmann, P., & Taylor, G. (2001). Globalization and the environment: Determinants of firm self-regulation in China. Journal of International Business Studies, 32, 439-458.
20. Coase, R. (1960). The problem of social cost. Journal of Law and Economics, 3, 1-44.
21. Coglianese, C., & Nash, J. (Eds.). (2001). Regulating from the Inside: Can environmental management systems achieve policy goals? Washington, DC: Resources for the Future.
22. Cogalinease, C., & Nash, J. (2009). Government clubs: Theory and evidence from voluntary environmental programs. In M. Potoski & A. Prakash (Eds.), Voluntary programs: A club theory approach (pp. 231-258). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
23. Cole, D., & Grossman, P. (1999). When is command-and-control efficient. Wisconsin Law Review, 887-938.
24. Cornes, R., & Sandler, T. (1996). The theory of externalities, public goods, and club goods, 2nd ed. New York: Cambridge University Press.
25. Costello, C., Gaines, S., & Lynham, J. (2008). Can catch shares prevent fisheries collapse. Science, 321, 1678-1681.
26. Darnall, N., & Carmin, J. (2005). Greener and cleaner. Policy Sciences, 38, 71-90.
27. Darnall, N., & Kim, Y. (in press). Which types of environmental management systems are related to greater environmental improvements? Public Administration Review.
28. Darnall, N., Potoski, M., & Prakash, A. (2010). Sponsorship matters: Assessing business participation in government- and industry-sponsored voluntary environmental programs. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 20, 283-307.
29. Dasgupta, S., Hettige, H., & Wheeler, D. (2000) What improves environmental compliance? Evidence from Mexican industry. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 39, 39-66.
30. Dawson, N., & Segerson, K. (2008). Voluntary agreements with industries. Land Economics, 84, 97-114.
31. Delmas, M., & Keller, A. (2005). Strategic free riding in voluntary programs: The case of the US EPA Wastewise program. Policy Sciences, 38, 91-106.
32. Delmas, M., & Montiel, I. (2008). The diffusion of voluntary international management standards: Responsible Care, ISO 9000, and ISO 14001 in the chemical industry. Policy Studies Journal, 36, 65-93.
33. Dolsak, N., & Ostrom, E. (Eds.). (2004). Commons in the new millennium. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
34. Espach, R. (2006). When is sustainable forestry sustainable? The Forest Stewardship Council in Argentina and Brazil. Global Environmental Politics, 6, 55-84.
35. Fiorino, D. (2006). The new environmental regulation. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
36. Fiorino, D. (2009). Green clubs: A new tool for government? In M. Potoski & A. Prakash (Eds.), Voluntary programs: A club theory perspective (pp. 209-230). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
37. Fryxell, G., Chung, S., & Lo, C. (2004). Does the selection of ISO 14001 registrars matter. Journal of Environmental Management, 71, 45-57.
38. Glachant, M., Schucht, S., Bultmann, A., & Watzold, F. (2002). Companies' participation in EMAS: The influence of the public regulator. Business Strategy and the Environment, 11, 254-266.
39. Graham, D., & Woods, N. (2006). Making corporate self-regulation effective in developing countries. World Development, 34, 868-868.
40. Gulbrandsen, L. (2009). The emergence and effectiveness of the Marine Stewardship Council. Marine Policy, 33, 654-660.
41. Gunningham, N., Kagan, R., & Thornton, D. (2003). Shades of green. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
42. Innes, R., & Sam, A. (2008). Voluntary pollution reductions and the enforcement of environmental law. Journal of Law and Economics, 51, 271-296.
43. Jacquet, J., Hocevar, J., Lai, S., Majluf, P., Pelletier, N., Pitcher, T., Sala, E., Sumaila, R., & Pauly, D. (2008). Conserving wild fish in a sea of market-based efforts. Oryx, 44, 1-42.
44. Kagan, R. (1991). Adversarial legalism and American government. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 10, 369-406.
45. Kerret, D. (2008). ISO 14001 as an environmental capacity building tool. Environmental Science and Technology, 42, 2773-2779.
46. Kettl, D. (Ed.). (2002). Environmental governance. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution.
47. Khanna, M., & Damon, L. (1999). EPA's voluntary 33/50 program: Impact on toxic releases and economic performance of firms. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 37, 1-25.
48. King, A., & Lenox, M. (2000). Industry self-regulation without sanctions: The chemical industry's Responsible Care program. Academy of Management Journal, 43, 698-716.
49. Klyza, C., & Sousa, D. (2008). American environmental policy, 1990-2006. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
50. Kollman, K., & Prakash, A. (2001). Green by choice? Cross-national variations in firms' responses to EMS-based environmental regimes. World Politics, 53, 399-430.
51. Konisky, D. (2009). Inequities in enforcement? Environmental justice and government performance. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 28, 102-121.
52. Kotchen, M., & van't Veld, K. (2009). An economics perspective on treating voluntary programs as clubs. In M. Potoski & A. Prakash (Eds.), Voluntary programs: A club theory perspective (pp. 67-86). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
53. Lenox, M., & Nash, J. (2003). Industry self-regulation and adverse selection: A comparison across four trade association programs. Business Strategy and the Environment, 12, 343-356.
54. Lundgren, T. (2003). A real options approach to abatement investments and green goodwill. Environmental and Resource Economics, 25, 17-31.
55. Maxwell, J., Lyon, T., & Hackett, S. (2000). Self-regulation and social welfare. Journal of Law and Economics, 43, 583-617.
56. Morgenstern, R., & Pizer, W. (Eds.). (2007). Reality check: The nature and performance of voluntary environmental programs in the United States, Europe, and Japan. Washington, DC: RRF Press.
57. Newsom, D. & Hewitt, D. (2005). The global impacts of SmartWood certification. Final report to the TREES Program. New York: Rainforest Alliance.
58. Orts, E. (1995). Reflexive environmental law. Northwestern University Law Review, 89, 1227-1340.
59. Ostrom, E. (1990). Governing the commons. New York: Cambridge University Press.
60. Overdevest, C. (2010). Comparing forest certification schemes. Socio-Economic Review, 8, 47-76.
61. Padma, P., Ganesh L., & Rajendran, C. (2008). A study on the ISO 14000 certification and organizational performance of Indian manufacturing firms. Benchmarking, 15, 73-100.
62. Porter, M., & van der Linde, C. (1995). Toward a new conception of the environment-competitiveness relationship. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 9, 97-118.
63. Potoski, M., & Prakash, A. (2004). The regulation dilemma. Public Administration Review, 64, 137-148.
64. Potoski, M., & Prakash, A. (2005a). Green clubs and voluntary governance: ISO 14001 and firms' regulatory compliance. American Journal of Political Science, 49, 235-248.
65. Potoski, M., & Prakash, A. (2005b). Covenants with weak swords: ISO 14001 and firms' environmental performance. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 24, 745-769.
66. Power, N., Blackman, A., Lyon, P. & Narain, U. (2011). Does disclosure reduce pollution? Evidence from India's Green Rating project. Environmental and Resource Economics. Retrieved April 12, 2011, from
67. Prakash, A. (2000). Greening the firm. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
68. Prakash, A., & Potoski, M. (2006a). The voluntary environmentalists. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
69. Prakash, A., & Potoski, M. (2006b). Racing to the bottom? Globalization, environmental governance, and ISO 14001. American Journal of Political Science, 50, 347-361.
70. Prakash, A., & Potoski, A. (2007). Investing up: FDI and the cross-national diffusion of ISO 14001. International Studies Quarterly, 51, 723-744.
71. Rees, J. (1997). The development of communitarian regulation in the chemical industry. Law and Policy, 19, 477-528.
72. Rivera, J., & deLeon, P. (2004). Is greener whiter? The Sustainable Slopes program and the voluntary environmental performance of western ski areas. Policy Studies Journal, 32, 417-437.
73. Rivera, J., & deLeon, P. (2005). Chief executive officers and voluntary environmental performance: Costa Rica's Certification for Sustainable Tourism. Policy Sciences, 38, 107-127.
74. Sasser, E., Prakash, A., Cashore, B., & Auld, G. (2006). Direct targeting as NGO political strategy: Examining private authority regimes in the forestry sector. Business and Politics, 8, 1-32.
75. Segerson, K., & Miceli, T. (1998). Voluntary environmental agreements: Good or bad news for environmental protection. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 6, 109-130.
76. Spence, M. (1973). Job market signaling. Quarterly Journal of Economics 88, 355-374.
77. Stradline, D., & Thorsheim, P. (1999). The smoke of great cities. Environmental History, 4, 6-31.
78. Turk, A. (2009). The benefits associated with ISO 14001 certification for construction firms: Turkish case. Journal of Cleaner Production, 17, 559-569.
79. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (2011). TRI around the world. Retrieved April 10, 2011, from
80. Vogel, D. (1995). Trading up. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
81. Vogel, D. (2005). Market for virtue. Washington, DC: Brookings Press.