Inference of emergent cattle pastoralism in the southern Sahara desert based on localized hypoplasia of the primary canine

International Journal of Paleopathology

Volumn 1, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 89-97

  Stojanowski, Christopher M ^a   Carver, Charisse L ^a  

^a ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Enamel hypoplasia; North Africa; Pastoralism

Indexed keywords

EID: 82655162073     PISSN: 18799817     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2011.06.001     Document Type: Article

References (99)

1. Arkell A.J. Early Khartoum. An Account of the Excavation of an Early Occupation Site Carried Out by the Sudan Government Antiquities Service in 1944-5 1949, Oxford University Press, London.
2. Badger G.R. Incidence of enamel hypoplasia in primary canines. J. Dent. Child. 1985, 52:57-58.
3. Carter P.L., Clark J.D. Adrar Bous and African cattle. Proceedings of the Pan-African Congress of Prehistory and Quaternary Studies. 1976, 487-493. Provisional Military Government of Socialist Ethiopia Ministry of Culture, Addis Ababa. B. Abebe, J. Chavaillon, J.E.G. Sutton (Eds.).
4. Clark J.D., Williams M.A.J., Smith A.B. The geomorphology and archeology of Adrar Bous, central Sahara: a preliminary report. Quat. 1973, 17:245-297.
5. Clark J.D., Carter P.L., Gifford-Gonzalez D., Smith A.B. The Adrar Bous cow and African cattle. Adrar Bous. Archaeology of a Central Saharan Granitic Ring Complex in Niger 2008, 355-368. Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren. J.D. Clark, D. Gifford-Gonzalez (Eds.).
6. Close A.E., Wendorf F. The beginnings of food production in the eastern Sahara. Transitions to Agriculture in Prehistory 1992, 63-72. Prehistory Press, Madison. A.B. Gebauer, T.D. Price (Eds.).
7. Cohen M.N., Crane-Kramer G.M.M. Ancient Health: Skeletal Indicators of Agricultural and Economic Intensification 2008, University Press of Florida, Gainesville.
8. Cordain L., Miller J.B., Eaton S.B., Mann N., Holt S.H.A., Speth J.D. Plant-animal subsistence ratios and macronutrient energy estimations in worldwide hunter-gatherer diets. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2000, 71:682-692.
9. Cordain L., Eaton S.B., Miller J.B., Mann N., Hill K. The paradoxical nature of hunter-gather diets: meat-based, yet non-atherogenic. Eur. J. Clin. Nutr. 2002, 56:542-552.
10. Crader D.C. Technology and classification of the grinding equipment. Adrar Bous. Archaeology of a Central Saharan Granitic Ring Complex in Niger 2008, 291-311. Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren. J.D. Clark, D. Gifford-Gonzalez (Eds.).
11. Cremaschi M., di Lernia S. Climatic changes and human adaptive strategies in the central Saharan massifs: the Tadrart Acacus and Messak Settafet perspective (Fezzan, Libya). Aspects of African Archaeology. Papers from the 10th Congress of the PanAfrican Association for Prehistory and Related Studies 1996, 39-51. University of Zimbabwe Publications, Harare. G. Pwiti, R. Soper (Eds.).
12. Drummond B.K., Ryan S., O'Sullivan E.A., Congdon P., Curzon M.E.J. Enamel defects of the primary dentition and osteopenia of prematurity. Pediatr. Dent. 1992, 14:119-121.
13. Duncan W.K., Silberman S.L., Trubman A. Labial hypoplasia of primary canines in black Head Start children. J. Dent. Child. 1988, 55:423-426.
14. Duncan W.K., Silberman S.L., Trubman A., Meydrech E.F. Prevalence and racial distribution of primary canine hypoplasia of the maxillary canine. Pediatr. Dent. 1994, 16:365-367.
15. Eaton S.B., Konner M. Paleolithic nutrition. A consideration of its nature and current implications. N. Engl. J. Med. 1985, 312:283-289.
16. Échallier J.-C., Roset J.-P. La céramique des gisements de Tagalagal et de l'Adrar Bous 10 (Air, République du Niger). Cah. Sci. Hum. 1986, 22:151-158.
17. Edwards P.C., Levering N., Wetzel E., Saini T. Extirpation of the primary canine tooth follicles. J. Am. Dent. Assoc. 2008, 139:442-450.
18. FitzGerald C.M., Saunders S.R., Macchiarelli R., Bondioli L. Large scale histological assessment of deciduous crown formation. Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium of Dental Morphology 1999, 92-101. Oulu University Press, Oulu, Finland. J.T. Mayhall, T. Heikkinen (Eds.).
19. Fu Z., Noguchi T., Kato H. Vitamin A deficiency reduces insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I gene expression and increases IGF-I receptor and insulin receptor gene expression in tissues of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). J. Nutr. 2001, 131:1189-1194.
20. Garcea E.A.A. From Early Khartoum to the Saharan Neolithic: ceramics in comparison. Actes de la VIIIe Conférence Internationale des Études Nubiennes 1998, Université Charles de Gaulle, Lille, pp. 91-105.
21. Garcea E.A.A. An alternative way towards food production: the perspective from the Libyan Sahara. J. World. Prehist. 2004, 18:107-154.
22. Garcea E.A.A. Semi-permanent foragers in semi-arid environments of North Africa. World. Arch. 2006, 38:196-218.
23. Garcea E.A.A. The ceramics from Adrar Bous and surrounding areas. Adrar Bous. Archaeology of a Central Saharan Granitic Ring Complex in Niger 2008, 245-290. Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren. J.D. Clark, D. Gifford-Gonzalez (Eds.).
24. Gifford-Gonzalez D. Animal disease challenges to the emergence of pastoralism in sub-Saharan Africa. Afr. Archaeol. Rev. 2000, 17:95-139.
25. Gifford-Gonzalez D. The fauna from Ele Bor: evidence for the persistence of foragers into the later Holocene of arid north Kenya. Afr. Archaeol. Rev. 2003, 20:81-119.
26. Gifford-Gonzalez D. Pastoralism and its consequences. African Archaeology 2005, 187-224. Blackwell, Malden, MA. A.B. Stahl (Ed.).
27. Gifford-Gonzalez D., Parham J.F. The fauna from Adrar Bous and surrounding areas. Adrar Bous. Archaeology of a Central Saharan Granitic Ring Complex in Niger 2008, 313-354. Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren. J.D. Clark, D. Gifford-Gonzalez (Eds.).
28. Gifford-Gonzalez D., Stewart K.M., Rybczynski N. Human activities and site formation at modern lake margin foraging camps in Kenya. J. Anthropol. Archaeol. 1999, 18:397-440.
29. Griffin R.C., Donlon D. Patterns of dental enamel hypoplasia by sex and age at death in two archaeological populations. Arch. Oral. Biol. 2008, 54:S93-S100.
30. Guatelli-Steinberg D., Lukacs J.R. Interpreting sex differences in enamel hypoplasia in human and non-human primates: developmental, environmental, and cultural considerations. Yearb. Phys. Anthropol. 1999, 42:78-126.
31. Guo Z., Petit-Maire N., Kröpelin S. Holocene non-orbital climatic events in present-day arid areas of northern Africa and China. Glob. Planet. Change. 2000, 26:97-103.
32. Haaland R. Fish, pots and grain: early and mid-Holocene adaptations in the central Sudan. Afr. Archaeol. Rev. 1992, 10:43-64.
33. Haaland R. Emergence of sedentism: new ways of living, new ways of symbolizing. Antiq. 1997, 71:374-385.
34. Haaland, R., Magid, A.A., 1995. Aqualithic Sites along the Rivers Nile and Atbara, Sudan. Alma Mater, Bergen.
35. Halcrow S.E., Tayles N. Stress near the start of life: localized enamel hypoplasia of the primary canine in late prehistoric mainland Southeast Asia. J. Archaeol. Sci. 2008, 35:2215-2222.
36. Haour A.C. One hundred years of archaeology in Niger. J. World. Prehist. 2003, 17:181-234.
37. Hassan F.A. Holocene paleoclimates of Africa. Afr. Archaeol. Rev. 1997, 14:213-230.
38. Hillson S., Bond S. The relationship of enamel hypoplasia to the pattern of tooth crown growth: a discussion. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 1997, 104:89-103.
39. Hock J.M., Centrella M., Canalis E. Insulin-like growth factor I has independent effects on bone matrix formation and cell replication. Endocrine 1988, 122:254-260.
40. Jørgensen K.D. The deciduous dentition. Acta. Odontol. Scand. 1956, 14:1-202.
41. Jousse, H., 2004a. Impact des Variations Environmentales sur la Structure des Communautés Mammaliennes et l'Anthropisation des Milieu: Exemple des Faunes Holocènes du Sahara Occidental. Documents des Laboratoires de Géologie de Lyon 160, Lyon.
42. Jousse H. What is the impact of Holocene climatic changes on human societies? Analysis of West African Neolithic populations dietary customs. Quat. Int. 2004, 151:63-73.
43. Jousse H., Obermaier H., Raimbault M., Peters J. Late Holocene economic specialisation through aquatic resource exploitation in the Méma. Mali. Int. J. Osteoarch. 2008, 18:549-572.
44. Larsen C.S. Bioarchaeology of Spanish Florida 2001, University Press of Florida, Gainesville.
45. Ledger H.P. Body composition as a basis for a comparative study of some east African mammals. Symp. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1968, 21:289-310.
46. Lhote, H., 1976. Vers d'autres Tassili. Nouvelles découvertes au Sahara. Mémoire du CRAPE XXIX, Algeria. S.N.E.D.
47. Li Y., Navia J.M., Bian J.-Y. Prevalence and distribution of developmental enamel defects in primary dentition of Chinese children 3-5 years old. Community Dent. Oral. Epidemiol. 1995, 23:72-79.
48. Liversidge H.M., Molleson T. Variation in crown and root formation and eruption of human deciduous teeth. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 2004, 123:172-180.
49. Lukacs J.R. Localized enamel hypoplasia of human deciduous canine teeth: prevalence and pattern of expression in rural Pakistan. Hum. Biol. 1991, 63:513-522.
50. Lukacs J.R. Enamel hypoplasia in deciduous teeth of great apes: do differences in defect prevalence imply differential levels of physiological stress. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 1999, 110:351-363.
51. Lukacs J.R. Interproximal contact hypoplasia in primary teeth: a new enamel defect with anthropological and clinical relevance. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 1999, 11:718-734.
52. Lukacs J.R. Enamel hypoplasia in the deciduous teeth of great apes: variation in prevalence and timing of defects. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 2001, 116:199-208.
53. Lukacs J.R. Enamel hypoplasia in the deciduous teeth of early Miocene catarrhines: evidence of perinatal physiological stress. J. Hum. Evol. 2001, 40:319-329.
54. Lukacs J.R., Walimbe S.R. Physiological stress in prehistoric India: new data on localized hypoplasia of primary canines linked to climate and subsistence change. J. Archaeol. Sci. 1998, 25:571-585.
55. Lukacs J.R., Nelson G.C., Walimbe S.R. Enamel hypoplasia and childhood stress in prehistory: new data from India and Southwest Asia. J. Archaeol. Sci. 2001, 28:1159-1169.
56. Lukacs J.R., Walimbe S.R., Floyd B. Epidemiology of enamel hypoplasia in deciduous teeth: explaining variation in prevalence in western India. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2001, 13:788-807.
57. Lunardelli S.E., Peres M.A. Breast-feeding and other mother-child factors associated with developmental enamel defects in the primary teeth of Brazilian children. J. Dent. Child. 2006, 73:70-78.
58. Malainey M.E., Przybylski R., Sherriff B.L. One person's food: how and why fish avoidance may affect the settlement and subsistence patterns of hunter-gatherers. Am. Antiq. 2001, 66:141-161.
59. Mann N. Dietary lean red meat and human evolution. Eur. J. Nutr. 2000, 39:71-79.
60. Mohammed-Ali A.S., Khabir A.-R.M. The wavy line and the dotted wavy line pottery in the prehistory of the Central Nile and the Sahara-Sahel belt. Afr. Archaeol. Rev. 2003, 20:25-58.
61. Montero M.J., Douglass J.M., Mathieu G.M. Prevalence of dental caries and enamel defects in Connecticut Head Start children. Pediatr. Dent. 2003, 25:235-239.
62. Nation W.A., Matsson L., Peterson J.E. Developmental enamel defects of the primary dentition in a group of Californian children. J. Dent. Child. 1987, 54:330-334.
63. Needleman H.L., Leviton A., Allred E. Macroscopic enamel defects of primary anterior teeth-types, prevalence, and distribution. Pediatr. Dent. 1991, 13:208-216.
64. Osibona A.O., Kusemiju K., Akande G.R. Fatty acid composition and amino acid profile of two freshwater species, African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and tilapia (Tilapia zillii). Afr. J. Food Agric. Nutr. Dev. 2009, 9:608-621.
65. Paris, F., 1996. Les Sépultures du Sahara Nigérien du Néolithique à l'Islamisation: Coutumes Funéraires, Chronologie, Civilisation. ORSTROM, Paris.
66. Paris F. Les inhumations de Bos au Sahara méridional au Néolithique. Archaeozoologia 1997, 9:113-122.
67. Paris F. African livestock remains from Saharan mortuary contexts. The Origins and Development of African Livestock: Archaeology, Genetics, Linguistics, and Ethnography. 2000, 111-126. University College London Press, London. R.M. Blench, K.C. Macdonald (Eds.).
68. Petit-Maire N. Palaeoclimates in the Sahara of Mali: a multidisciplinary study. Episodes 1986, 9:7-16.
69. Petit-Maire N. Interglacial environments in the presently hyperarid Sahara: paleoclimatic implications. Paleoclimatology and Paleometeorology: Modern and Past Patterns of Global Atmospheric Transport. 1989, 637-661. Kluwer Academic Publishing, Netherlands. M. Leinen, M. Sarnthein (Eds.).
70. Petit-Maire, N., Page, N., Marchand, J., 1993. The Sahara in the Holocene. Map 1r5.000.000. UNESCO-CGMW, Paris, France.
71. Pindborg J.J. Dental mutilation and associated abnormalities in Uganda. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 1969, 31:383-390.
72. Rasmussen P., Elkhidir Elhassan F., Raadal M. Enamel defects in primary canines related to traditional treatment of teething problems in Sudan. Int. J. Paediatr. Dent. 1992, 2:151-155.
73. Roset J.-P. Paleoclimatic and cultural conditions of Neolithic development in the Early Holocene of northern Niger (Air and Tenere). Prehistory of Arid North Africa 1987, 189-210. Southern Methodist University Press, Dallas. A.E. Close (Ed.).
74. Roset J.-P., de Broin J., Faure M., Gayet M., Guérin C., Mouchet F. La faune de Tin Ouaffadene et d'Adrar Bous 10, deux gisements archéologiques de l'Holocène ancien au Niger nord-oriental. Géodynamique 1990, 5:67-89.
75. Sebastian A., Frassetto L.A., Sellmeyer D.E., Merriam R.L., Morris R.D. Estimation of the net acid load of the diet of ancestral preagricultural Homo sapiens and their hominid ancestors. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2002, 76:1308-1316.
76. Sereno P.C., Garcea E.A.A., Jousse H., Stojanowski C.M., Saliège J.-F., Maga A., Ide O.A., Knudson K.J., Mercuri A.M., Stafford T.W., Kaye T.G., Giraudi C., Massamba N'siala I., Cocca E., Moots H.M., Dutheil D.B., Stivers J.P. Lakeside cemeteries in the Sahara: 5000 years of Holocene population and environmental change. PLoS ONE 2008, 3:1-22.
77. Silberman S.L., Trubman A., Duncan W.K., Meydrech E.F. Prevalence of primary canine hypoplasia of the mandibular teeth. Pediatr. Dent. 1991, 13:356-360.
78. Skinner M.F. An enigmatic hypoplastic defect of the deciduous canine. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 1986, 69:59-69.
79. Skinner M. Developmental stress in immature hominines from Late Pleistocene Eurasia: evidence from enamel hypoplasia. J. Archaeol. Sci. 1996, 23:833-852.
80. Skinner M.F., Hung J.T.W. Localized enamel hypoplasia of the primary canine. J. Dent. Child. 1986, 53:197-200.
81. Skinner M.F., Hung J.T. Social and biological correlates of localized enamel hypoplasia of the human deciduous canine tooth. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 1989, 79:159-175.
82. Skinner M., Newell E. A re-evaluation of localized hypoplasia of the primary canine as a marker of craniofacial osteopenia in European Upper Paleolithic infants. Acta. Univ. Carol. Med. 2000, 41:41-58.
83. Skinner M.F., Newell E.A. Localized hypoplasia of the primary canine in bonobos, orangutans, and gibbons. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 2003, 120:61-72.
84. Skinner M.F., Hadaway W., Dickie J. Effects of ethnicity and birth month on localized enamel hypoplasia of the primary canine. J. Dent. Child. 1994, 61:109-113.
85. Slayton R.L., Warren J.J., Kanellis M.J., Levy S.M., Islam M. Prevalence of enamel hypoplasia and isolated opacities in the primary dentition. Pediatr. Dent. 2001, 23:32-36.
86. Smith A.B. Domesticated cattle in the Sahara and their introduction into West Africa. The Sahara and the Nile: Quaternary Environments and Prehistoric Occupation in Northern Africa 1980, 489-501. Balkema, Rotterdam. M.A.J. Williams, H. Faure (Eds.).
87. Smith A.B. Cattle domestication in North Africa. Afr. Archaeol. Rev. 1986, 4:197-203.
88. Smith A.B. African Herders. Emergence of Pastoral Traditions 2005, Altamira Press, Walnut Creek, CA.
89. Smith A.B. Desert solitude. The evolution of ideologies among pastoralists and hunter-gatherers in arid North Africa. Desert Peoples: Archaeological Perspectives 2005, 261-275. Blackwell Publishing, New York. P. Veth, M. Smith, P. Hiscock (Eds.).
90. Smith A.B. The Kiffian. Adrar Bous. Archaeology of a Central Saharan Granitic Ring Complex in Niger 2008, 179-200. Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren. J.D. Clark, D. Gifford-Gonzalez (Eds.).
91. Smith A.B. The Tenerian. Adrar Bous. Archaeology of a Central Saharan Granitic Ring Complex in Niger 2008, 201-244. Royal Museum for Central Africa, Tervuren. J.D. Clark, D. Gifford-Gonzalez (Eds.).
92. Speth J.D., Spielmann K.A. Energy source, protein metabolism, and hunter-gatherer subsistence strategies. J. Anthropol. Archaeol. 1983, 2:1-31.
93. Steckel R.D., Rose J.C. The Backbone of History. Health and Nutrition in the Western Hemisphere 2002, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
94. Stojanowski C.M. Recognizing population displacements and replacements in prehistory: a view from North Africa. Am J Phys Anthropol 2009, 138(S48):248-249.
95. Suckling G. Defects of enamel in sheep resulting from trauma during tooth development. J. Dent. Res. 1980, 59:1541-1548.
96. Sutton J.E.G. The aquatic civilization of Middle Africa. J. Afr. Hist. 1974, 15:527-546.
97. Sutton J.E.G. The African Aqualithic. Antiq. 1977, 51:25-34.
98. Taji S., Hughes T., Rogers J., Townsend G. Localised enamel hypoplasia of human deciduous canines: genotype or environment?. Austr. Dent. J. 2000, 45:83-90.
99. Turon F., Rwabwogo B., Baréa B., Pina M., Graille J. Fatty acid composition of oil extracted from Nile perch (Lates niloticus) head. J. Food Compost. Anal. 2005, 18:717-722.