Detailed comparisons of airborne formaldehyde measurements with box models during the 2006 INTEX-B and MILAGRO campaigns: Potential evidence for significant impacts of unmeasured and multi-generation volatile organic carbon compounds

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

Volumn 11, Issue 22, 2011, Pages 11867-11894

  Fried, A ^a   Cantrell, C ^b   Olson, J ^c   Crawford, J H ^c   Weibring, P ^a   Walega, J ^a   Richter, D ^a   Junkermann, W ^d   Volkamer, R ^e   Sinreich, R ^e   Heikes, B G ^f   O'Sullivan, D ^g   Blake, D R ^h   Blake, N ^h   Meinardi, S ^h   Apel, E ^b   Weinheimer, A ^b   Knapp, D ^b   Perring, A ⁱ   Cohen, R C ⁱ   Fuelberg, H ^j   Shetter, R E ^b   Hall, S R ^b   Ullmann, K ^b   Brune, W H ^k   Mao, J ^l   Ren, X ^m   Huey, L G ⁿ   Singh, H B ^o   Hair, J W ^c   Riemer, D ^m   Diskin, G ^c   Sachse, G ^c   more..

^a NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (United States)

^b NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (United States)

^c NASA LANGLEY RESEARCH CENTER   (United States)

^d KARLSRUHE INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Germany)

^e UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

^f UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND   (United States)

^g UNITED STATES NAVAL ACADEMY   (United States)

^h UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

ⁱ UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^j FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^k PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^l HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^m UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI   (United States)

ⁿ GEORGIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

^o NASA AMES RESEARCH CENTER   (United States)

more..

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; BOUNDARY LAYER; FORMALDEHYDE; HYDROCARBON; NUMERICAL MODEL; ORGANIC CARBON; OXIDATION; PRECISION; STEADY-STATE EQUILIBRIUM; VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUND;

MEXICO [NORTH AMERICA];

EID: 82555184852     PISSN: 16807316     EISSN: 16807324     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/acp-11-11867-2011     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Atkinson, R., Baulch, D. L., Cox, R. A., Crowley, J. N., Hamp-son, R. F., Hynes, R. G., Jenkin, M. E., Rossi, M. J., Troe, J., and IUPAC Subcommittee: Evaluated kinetic and photochemical Data for atmospheric Chemistry: Volume II-gas phase reactions of organic Species, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 3625-4055, Doi:10.5194/acp-6-3625-2006, 2006. (Pubitemid 44369557)
2. Apel, E. C., Emmons, L. K., Karl, T., Flocke, F., Hills, A. J., Madronich, S., Lee-Taylor, J., Fried, A., Weibring, P., Walega, J., Richter, D., Tie, X., Mauldin, L., Campos, T., Weinheimer, A., Knapp, D., Sive, B., Kleinman, L., Springston, S., Zaveri, R., Ortega, J., Voss, P., Blake, D., Baker, A., Warneke, C., Welsh-Bon, D., de Gouw, J., Zheng, J., Zhang, R., Rudolph, J., Junkermann, W., and Riemer, D. D.: Chemical evolution of volatile organic Compounds in the outflow of the Mexico City Metropolitan area, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 2353-2375, doi:10.5194/acp-10-2353-2010, 2010.
3. Bertman, S. B., Roberts, J. M., Parrish, D. D., Buhr, M. P., Goldman, P. D., Kuster, W. C., Fehsenfeld, F. C., Montzka, S. A., and Westberg, H.: Evolution of Alkyl Nitrates with Air-Mass Age, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 22805-22813, 1995.
4. Bloss, C., Wagner, V., Jenkin, M. E., Volkamer, R., Bloss, W. J., Lee, J. D., Heard, D. E., Wirtz, K., Martin-Reviejo, M., Rea, G., Wenger, J. C., and Pilling, M. J.: Development of a detailed chemical mechanism (MCMv3.1) for the atmospheric oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 641-664, doi:10.5194/acp-5-641-2005, 2005. (Pubitemid 40479132)
5. Browell, E. V., Fenn, M. A., Butler, C. F., Grant, W. B., Brackett, V. G., Hair, J. W., Avery, M. A., Newell, R. E., Hu, Y., Fuelberg, H. E., Jacob, D. J., Anderson, B. E., Atlas, E. L., Blake, D. R., Brune, W. H., Dibb, J. E., Fried, A., Heikes, B. G., Sachse, G. W., Sandholm, S. T., Singh, H. B., Talbot, R. W., Vay, S. A., Weber, R. J., and Bartlett, K. B.: Large-Scale Ozone and Aerosol Distributions, Air Mass Characteristics, and Ozone Fluxes Over the Western Pacific Ocean in Late Winter/Early Spring, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 8805, doi:10.1029/2002JD003290, 2003. (Pubitemid 350187735)
6. Carlier, P., Hannachi, H., and Mouvier, G.: The chemistry of car-bonyl compounds in the atmosphere: A review, Atmos. Environ., 20, 2079-2099, 1986. (Pubitemid 17187985)
7. Coburn, S., Dix, B., Sinreich, R., and Volkamer, R.: The CU ground MAX-DOAS instrument: characterization of RMS noise limitations and first measurements near Pensacola, FL of BrO, IO, and CHOCHO, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 4, 2421-2439, doi:10.5194/amt-4-2421-2011, 2011.
8. x and other photochemical parameters, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 16255-16273, 1999.
9. Cronce, M., Rauber, R. M., Knupp, K. R., Jewett, B. F., Walters, J. T., and Phillips, D.: Vertical Motions in Precipitation Bands in Three Winter Cyclones, J. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 46, 1523-1543, doi:10.1175/JAM2533.1, 2007. (Pubitemid 350187209)
10. Crounse, J. D., Paulot, F., Kjaergaard, H. G., and Wennberg, P. O.: Peroxy radical isomerization in the oxidation of isoprene, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 13, 13607-13613, 2011.
11. Dasgupta, P. K., Li, J., Zhang, G., Luke, W. T., McClenny, W. A., Stutz, J., and Fried, A.: Summertime ambient formaldehyde in five U.S. metropolitan areas: Nashville, Atlanta, Houston, Philadelphia, and Tampa, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 4767-4783, 2005.
12. 2 concentrations during the MCMA-2006 field campaign-Part 2: Model comparison and radical budget, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 6655-6675, doi:10.5194/acp-9-6655-2009, 2009.
13. 2O measurements over the North Atlantic during the 1997 NARE campaign: instrument comparisons and distributions, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4039, doi:10.1029/2000JD000260, 2002. (Pubitemid 43197347)
14. Fried, A., Wang, Y., Cantrell, C., Wert, B., Walega, J., Ridley, B., Atlas, E., Shetter, R., Lefer, B., Coffey, M.T., Hannigan, J., Blake, D., Blake, N., Meinardi, S., Talbot, B., Dibb, J., Scheuer, E., Wingenter, O., Snow, J., Heikes, B., and Ehhalt, D.: Tunable Diode Laser Measurements of Formaldehyde During the TOPSE 2000 Study: Distributions, Trends, and Model Comparisons, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 8365, doi:10.1029/2002JD002208, 2003a.
15. Fried, A., Crawford, J., Olson, J., Walega, J., Potter, W., Wert, B., Jordan, C., Anderson, B., Shetter, R., Lefer, B., Blake, D., Blake, N., Meinardi, S., Heikes, B., O'Sullivan, D., Snow, J., Fuelberg, H., Kiley, C. M., Sandholm, S., Tan, D., Sachse, G., Singh, H., Faloona, I., Harward, C. N., and Carmichael, G. R.: Airborne Tunable Diode Laser Measurements of Formaldehyde During TRACE-P: Distributions and Box-Model Comparisons, J. Geo-phys. Res., 108, 8798, doi:10.1029/2003JD003451, 2003b. (Pubitemid 350192957)
16. Fried, A., Walega, J. G., Olson, J. R., Crawford, J. H., Chen, G., Weibring, P., Richter, D., Roller, C., Tittel, F. K., Heikes, B. G., Snow, J. A., Shen, H., O'Sullivan, D. W., Porter, M., Fuelberg, H., Halland, J., and Millet, D.: Formaldehyde Over North America and the North Atlantic During the Summer 2004 INTEX Campaign: Methods, Observed Distributions, and Measurement-Model Comparisons, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D10302, doi:10.1029/2007JD009185, 2008a.
17. Fried, A., Olson, J. R., Walega, J. G., Crawford, J. H., Chen, G., Weibring, P., Richter, D., Roller, C., Tittel, F., Porter, M., Fuel-berg, H., Halland, J., Bertram, T. H., Cohen, R. C., Pickering, K., Heikes, B. G., Snow, J. A., Shen, H., O'Sullivan, D. W., Brune, W. H., Ren, X., Blake, D. R., Blake, N., Sachse, G., Diskin, G. S., Podolske, J., Vay, S. A., Shetter, R. E., Hall, S. R., Anderson, B. E., Thornhill, L., Clark, A. D., McNaughton, C. S., Singh, H. B., Avery, M. A., Huey, G., Kim, S., and Millet, D. B.: Role of Convection in Redistributing Formaldehyde to the Upper Troposphere Over North America and the North Atlantic During the Summer 2004 INTEX Campaign, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D17306, doi:10.1029/2007JD009760, 2008b.
18. Frost, G. J., Fried, A., Lee, Y.-N., Wert, B., Henry, B., Drummond, J. R., Evans, M. J., Fehsenfeld, F. C., Goldan, P. D., Holloway, J. S., Hubler, G., Jakoubek, R., Jobson, B. T., Knapp, K., Kuster, W. C., Roberts, J., Rudolph, J., Ryerson, T. B., Stohl, A., Stroud, C., Sueper, D. T., Trainer, M., and Williams, J.: Comparisons of Box Model Calculations and Measurements of Formaldehyde from the 1997 North Atlantic Regional Experiment, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4060, doi:10.1029/2001JD000896, 2002. (Pubitemid 43197348)
19. Garcia, A. R., Volkamer, R., Molina, L. T., Molina, M. J., Samuel-son, J., Mellqvist, J., Galle, B., Herndon, S. C., and Kolb, C. E.: Separation of emitted and photochemical formaldehyde in Mexico City using a statistical analysis and a new pair of gas-phase tracers, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 4545-4557, doi:10.5194/acp-6-4545-2006, 2006. (Pubitemid 44546345)
20. 2O Measurement Techniques, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 21161-21188, 1997.
21. Hak, C., Pundt, I., Trick, S., Kern, C., Platt, U., Dommen, J., Ordóñez, C., Prévôt, A. S. H., Junkermann, W., Astorga-Lloréns, C., Larsen, B. R., Mellqvist, J., Strandberg, A., Yu, Y., Galle, B., Kleffmann, J., Lörzer, J. C., Braathen, G. O., and Volkamer, R.: Intercomparison of four different in-situ techniques for ambient formaldehyde measurements in urban air, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 2881-2900, doi:10.5194/acp-5-2881-2005, 2005. (Pubitemid 43065719)
22. Herndon, S. C., Jayne, J. T., Zahniser, M. S., Worsnop, D. R., Knighton, B., Alwine, E., Lamb, B. K., Zavala, M., Nelson, D. D., McManus, J. B., Shorter, J. H., Canagaratna, M. R., Onasch, T. B., and Kolb, C. E.: Characterization of Urban Pollutant Emission Fluxes and Ambient Concentration Distributions using a Mobile Laboratory with Rapid Response Instrumentation, Faraday Discuss., 130, 327-339, 2005. (Pubitemid 41223693)
23. Harder, J. W., Fried, A., Sewell, S., and Henry, B.: Comparison of tunable diode laser and long-path ultraviolet/visible spectro-scopic measurements of ambient formaldehyde concentrations during the 1993 OH Photochemistry Experiment, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 6267-6282, 1997.
24. Jenkin, M. E., Saunders, S. M., and Pilling, M. J.: The Tropo-spheric Degradation of Volatile Organic Compounds: A Protocol for Mechanism Development, Atmos. Environ., 31, 81-104, 1997.
25. Jenkin, M. E., Saunders, S. M., Wagner, V., and Pilling, M. J.: Protocol for the development of the Master Chemical Mechanism, MCM v3 (Part B): tropospheric degradation of aromatic volatile organic compounds, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 181-193, doi:10.5194/acp-3-181-2003, 2003.
26. Junkermann, W.: On the distribution of formaldehyde in the western Po-Valley, Italy, during FORMAT 2002/2003, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 9187-9196, doi:10.5194/acp-9-9187-2009, 2009.
27. Kleb, M. M., Chen, G., Crawford, J. H., Flocke, F. M., and Brown, C. C.: An overview of measurement comparisons from the INTEX-B/MILAGRO airborne field campaign, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 4, 9-27, doi:10.5194/amt-4-9-2011, 2011.
28. Kleinman, L. I., Springston, S. R., Daum, P. H., Lee, Y.-N., Nun-nermacker, L. J., Senum, G. I., Wang, J., Weinstein-Lloyd, J., Alexander, M. L., Hubbe, J., Ortega, J., Canagaratna, M. R., and Jayne, J.: The time evolution of aerosol composition over the Mexico City plateau, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 1559-1575, doi:10.5194/acp-8-1559-2008, 2008.
29. Kormann, R., Fischer, H., de Reus, M., Lawrence, M., Brühl, Ch., von Kuhlmann, R., Holzinger, R., Williams, J., Lelieveld, J., Warneke, C., de Gouw, J., Heland, J., Ziereis, H., and Schlager, H.: Formaldehyde over the eastern Mediterranean during MINOS: Comparison of airborne in-situ measurements with 3D-model results, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 851-861, doi:10.5194/acp-3-851-2003, 2003.
30. Lee, M., Heikes, B. G., Jacob, D. J., Sachse, G., and Anderson, B.: Hydrogen peroxide, organic hydroperoxide, and formaldehyde as primary pollutants from biomass burning, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 1301-1309, 1997.
31. Lei, W., Zavala, M., de Foy, B., Volkamer, R., and Molina, L. T.: Characterizing ozone production and response under different meteorological conditions in Mexico City, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 7571-7581, doi:10.5194/acp-8-7571-2008, 2008.
32. Lei, W., Zavala, M., de Foy, B., Volkamer, R., Molina, M. J., and Molina, L. T.: Impact of Primary Formaldehyde on Air Pollution in the Mexico City Metropolitan Area, 9, 2607-2618, 2009.
33. Lelieveld, J., Butler, T. M., Crowley, J. N., Dillon, T. J., Fischer, H., Ganzeveld, L., Harder, H., Lawrence, M. G., Martinez, M., Taraborrelli, D., and Williams, J.: Atmospheric oxidation capacity sustained by a tropical forest, Nature, 452, 737-740, 2008. (Pubitemid 351521085)
34. Lurmann, F. W., Lloyd, A. C., and Atkinson, R.: A Chemical Mechanism for Use in Long-Range Transport/Acid Deposition Computer Modeling, J. Geophys. Res., 91, 10905-10936, 1986.
35. Mao, J., Ren, X., Brune, W. H., Olson, J. R., Crawford, J. H., Fried, A., Huey, L. G., Cohen, R. C., Heikes, B., Singh, H. B., Blake, D. R., Sachse, G. W., Diskin, G. S., Hall, S. R., and Shetter, R. E.: Airborne measurement of OH reactivity during INTEX-B, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 163-173, doi:10.5194/acp-9- 163-2009, 2009.
36. Martin, B. D., Fuelberg, H. E., Blake, N. J., Crawford, J. H., Logan, J. A., Blake, D. R., and Sachse, G. W.: Long range transport of Asian outflow to the equatorial Pacific, J. Geophys., Res., 108, 8322, doi:10.1029/2001JD001418, 2003.
37. Molina, L. T., Madronich, S., Gaffney, J. S., Apel, E., de Foy, B., Fast, J., Ferrare, R., Herndon, S., Jimenez, J. L., Lamb, B., Osornio-Vargas, A. R., Russell, P., Schauer, J. J., Stevens, P. S., Volkamer, R., and Zavala, M.: An overview of the MILA-GRO 2006 Campaign: Mexico City emissions and their transport and transformation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 8697-8760, doi:10.5194/acp-10-8697-2010, 2010.
38. Olaguer, E. P., Rappenglück, B., Lefer, B., Stutz, J., Dibb, J., Griffin, R., Brune, W. H., Shauck, M., Buhr, M., Jeffries, H., Vizuete, W., and Pinto, J. P.: Deciphering the Role of Radical Precursors During the Second Texas Air Quality Study, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 59, 1258-1277, 2009.
39. Olson, J. R., Crawford, J. H., Davis, D. D., Chen, G., Avery, M. A., Barrick, J. D. W., Sachse, G. W., Vay, S. A., Sandholm, S. T., Tan, D., Brune, W. H., Faloona, I. C., Heikes, B. G., Shet-ter, R. E., Lefer, B. L., Singh, H. B., Talbot, R. W., and Blake, D. R.: Seasonal differences in the photochemistry of the South Pacific: A comparison of observations and model results from PEM-Tropics A and B, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 32749-32766, 2001.
40. x Observations from NASA Field Campaigns, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D10301, doi:10.1029/2005JD006617, 2006. (Pubitemid 44043251)
41. x radical regeneration in the oxidation of isoprene, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 11, 5935-5939, 2009.
42. Perring, A. E., Bertram, T. H., Farmer, D. K., Wooldridge, P. J., Dibb, J., Blake, N. J., Blake, D. R., Singh, H. B., Fuelberg, H., Diskin, G., Sachse, G., and Cohen, R. C.: The production and persistence of SRONO2 in the Mexico City plume, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 7215-7229, doi:10.5194/acp-10-7215-2010, 2010.
43. 2 in the Houston-Galveston airshed, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 2413-2424, doi:10.5194/acp-10-2413-2010, 2010.
44. x Chemistry During INTEX-A 2004: Observation, Model Calculation, and Comparison with Previous Studies, J. Geophys. Res., 113, D05310, doi:10.1029/2007JD009166, 2008.
45. Roehl, C. A., Nizkorodov, S. A., Blake, G. A., and Wennberg, P. O.: Photodissociation of Peroxynitric acid in the Near IR, J. Phys. Chem. A, 106, 3766-3772, 2002.
46. Roller, C., Fried, A., Walega, J., Weibring, P., and Tittel, F.: Advances in Hardware, System Diagnostics Software, and Acquisition Procedures for High Performance Airborne Tunable Diode Laser Measurements of Formaldehyde, Appl. Phys. B, 82, 247-264, 2006. (Pubitemid 43076926)
47. Sander, S. P., Friedl, R. R., Golden, D. M., Kurylo, M. J., Moort-gat, G. K., Keller-Rudek, H., Wine, P. H., Ravishankara, A. R., Kolb, C. E., Molina, M. J., Finlayson-Pitts, B. J., Huie, R. E., and Orkin, V. L.: Chemical Kinetics and Photochemical Data for Use in Atmospheric Studies Evaluation Number 15, JPL Publication 06-2, 2006.
48. Saunders, S. M., Jenkin, M. E., Derwent, R. G., and Pilling, M. J.: Protocol for the development of the Master Chemical Mechanism, MCM v3 (Part A): tropospheric degradation of non-aromatic volatile organic compounds, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 161-180, doi:10.5194/acp-3-161-2003, 2003.
49. Singh, H. B., Brune, W. H., Crawford, J. H., Flocke, F., and Jacob, D. J.: Chemistry and transport of pollution over the Gulf of Mexico and the Pacific: spring 2006 INTEX-B campaign overview and first results, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 2301-2318, doi:10.5194/acp-9-2301-2009, 2009.
50. Sinreich, R., Coburn, S., Dix, B., and Volkamer, R.: Ship-based detection of glyoxal over the remote tropical Pacific Ocean, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 11359-11371, doi:10.5194/acp-10-11359-2010, 2010.
51. Stickler, A., Fischer, H., Williams, J., de Reus, M., Sander, R., Lawrence, M. G., Crowley, J. N., and Lelieveld, J.: Influence of Summertime Deep Convection on Formaldehyde in the Middle and Upper Troposphere Over Europe, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D14308, doi:10.1029/2005JD007001, 2006. (Pubitemid 46055360)
52. 2 over a South-East Asian tropical rainforest during the OP3 field campaign, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 6749-6771, doi:10.5194/acp-11-6749-2011, 2011.
53. Volkamer, R., Sheehy, P., Molina, L. T., and Molina, M. J.: Oxida-tive capacity of the Mexico City atmosphere-Part 1: A radical source perspective, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 6969-6991, doi:10.5194/acp-10-6969-2010, 2010.
54. Wert, B. P., Trainer, M., Fried, A., Ryerson, T. B., Henry, B., Potter, W., Angevine, W. M., Atlas, E., Donnelly, S. G., Fehsenfeld, F. C., Frost, G. J., Goldan, P. D., Hansel, A., Holloway, J. S., Hubler, G., Kuster, W. C., Nicks Jr., D. K., Neuman, J. A., Par-rish, D. D., Schauffler, S., Stutz, J., Sueper, D. T., Wiedinmyer, C., and Wisthaler, A.: Signatures of terminal alkene oxidation in airborne formaldehyde measurements during TexAQS 2000, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4104, doi:10.1029/2002JD002502, 2003.