Multiplex PCR method for detection of Clostridium difficile tcdA, tcdB, cdtA, and cdtB and internal in-frame deletion of tcdC

Journal of Clinical Microbiology

Volumn 49, Issue 12, 2011, Pages 4299-4300

  Persson, Søren ^a   Jensen, Joan N ^a   Olsen, Katharina E P ^a  

^a STATENS SERUM INSTITUT   (Denmark)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMPLICON; ARTICLE; BACTERIAL GENE; BACTERIUM ISOLATE; CDTA GENE; CDTB GENE; CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE; CONTROLLED STUDY; GENE DELETION; GENE IDENTIFICATION; GENE SEQUENCE; MULTIPLEX POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROCESS DEVELOPMENT; RIBOTYPING; TCDA GENE; TCDB GENE; TCDC GENE; VALIDATION PROCESS;

ADP RIBOSE TRANSFERASES; BACTERIAL PROTEINS; CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE; ENTEROTOXINS; HUMANS; MULTIPLEX POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; REPRESSOR PROTEINS; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SEQUENCE DELETION; VIRULENCE FACTORS;

EID: 82455185151     PISSN: 00951137     EISSN: 1098660X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.05161-11     Document Type: Article

References (21)

1. Bacci, S., K. Molbak, M. K. Kjeldsen, and K. E. Olsen. 2011. Binary toxin and death after Clostridium difficile infection. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 17:976-982.
2. Bacci, S., et al. 2009. Outbreak of Clostridium difficile 027 in North Zealand, Denmark, 2008-2009. Euro Surveill. 14:19183.
3. Barbut, F., et al. 2007. Clinical features of Clostridium difficile-associated infections and molecular characterization of strains: results of a retrospective study, 2000-2004. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 28:131-139. (Pubitemid 46374152)
4. Barbut, F., et al. 2011. Rapid diagnosis of Clostridium difficile infection by multiplex real-time PCR. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 30:1279-1285.
5. Bauer, M. P., et al. 2011. Clostridium difficile infection in Europe: a hospital-based survey. Lancet 377:63-73.
6. Bidet, P., et al. 2000. Comparison of PCR-ribotyping, arbitrarily primed PCR, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for typing Clostridium difficile. J. Clin. Microbiol. 38:2484-2487. (Pubitemid 30487377)
7. Bouvet, P. J., and M. R. Popoff. 2008. Genetic relatedness of Clostridium difficile isolates from various origins determined by triple-locus sequence analysis based on toxin regulatory genes tcdC, tcdR, and cdtR. J. Clin. Microbiol. 46:3703-3713.
8. Cloud, J., L. Noddin, A. Pressman, M. Hu, and C. Kelly. 2009. Clostridium difficile strain NAP-1 is not associated with severe disease in a nonepidemic setting. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 7:868-873.
9. Curry, S. R., et al. 2007. tcdC genotypes associated with severe TcdC truncation in an epidemic clone and other strains of Clostridium difficile. J. Clin. Microbiol. 45:215-221. (Pubitemid 46106429)
10. Debast, S. B., et al. 2009. Clostridium difficile PCR ribotype 078 toxinotype V found in diarrhoeal pigs identical to isolates from affected humans. Environ. Microbiol. 11:505-511.
11. de Boer, R. F., et al. 2010. Evaluation of a rapid molecular screening approach for the detection of toxigenic Clostridium difficile in general and subsequent identification of the tcdC Delta117 mutation in human stools. J. Microbiol. Methods 83:59-65.
12. Dingle, K. E., et al. 2011. Clinical Clostridium difficile: clonality and pathogenicity locus diversity. PLoS One 6:e19993.
13. Freeman, J., et al. 2010. The changing epidemiology of Clostridium difficile infections. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 23:529-549.
14. Goldenberg, S. D., and G. L. French. 2011. Lack of association of tcdC type and binary toxin status with disease severity and outcome in toxigenic Clostridium difficile. J. Infect. 62:355-362.
15. Matamouros, S., P. England, and B. Dupuy. 2007. Clostridium difficile toxin expression is inhibited by the novel regulator TcdC. Mol. Microbiol. 64: 1274-1288. (Pubitemid 46849018)
16. Murray, R., D. Boyd, P. N. Levett, M. R. Mulvey, and M. J. Alfa. 2009. Truncation in the tcdC region of the Clostridium difficile PathLoc of clinical isolates does not predict increased biological activity of toxin B or toxin A. BMC Infect. Dis. 9:103.
17. Persson, S., M. Torpdahl, and K. E. Olsen. 2008. New multiplex PCR method for the detection of Clostridium difficile toxin A (tcdA) and toxin B (tcdB) and the binary toxin (cdtA/cdtB) genes applied to a Danish strain collection. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 14:1057-1064. (Pubitemid 352748847)
18. Sloan, L. M., B. J. Duresko, D. R. Gustafson, and J. E. Rosenblatt. 2008. Comparison of real-time PCR for detection of the tcdC gene with four toxin immunoassays and culture in diagnosis of Clostridium difficile infection. J. Clin. Microbiol. 46:1996-2001. (Pubitemid 351831833)
19. Soes, L. M., et al. 10 July 2011, posting date. Clinical features of Clostridium difficile infection and molecular characterization of the isolated strains in a cohort of Danish hospitalized patients. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. [Epub ahead of print.]
20. Verdoorn, B. P., et al. 2010. High prevalence of tcdC deletion-carrying Clostridium difficile and lack of association with disease severity. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 66:24-28.
21. Wolff, D., T. Bruning, and A. Gerritzen. 2009. Rapid detection of the Clostridium difficile ribotype 027 tcdC gene frame shift mutation at position 117 by real-time PCR and melt curve analysis. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 28:959-962.