Mannitol-facilitated perfusion staining with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) for detection of experimental cerebral infarction and biochemical analysis

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

Volumn 203, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 122-129

  Sun, Yu Yo ^a   Yang, Dianer ^a   Kuan, Chia Yi ^a  

^a CINCINNATI CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

2,3,5 Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC); Blood brain barrier; Cerebral ischemia; Hypoxia ischemia; Lipopolysaccharide (LPS); Penumbra

Indexed keywords

BIM PROTEIN; CARRIER PROTEIN; CASPASE 3; GELATINASE A; GELATINASE B; LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; MANNITOL; MESSENGER RNA; PROTEIN BCL XL; TRIPHENYLTETRAZOLIUM; YELLOW FLUORESCENT PROTEIN;

ANIMAL CELL; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; APOPTOSIS; ARTICLE; BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER; BRAIN HYPOXIA; BRAIN INFARCTION; BRAIN INFARCTION SIZE; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; BRAIN PERFUSION; CELLULAR DISTRIBUTION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE EXACERBATION; ENZYME INDUCTION; GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING; GROUPS BY AGE; IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY; IN VIVO STUDY; MALE; MOUSE; NERVE CELL LESION; NERVE CELL NECROSIS; NEWBORN; NONHUMAN; OSMOSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; TOXICITY TESTING;

ANIMALS; BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER; CEREBRAL INFARCTION; COLORING AGENTS; DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL; IMMUNOBLOTTING; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; MALE; MANNITOL; MICE; PERFUSION; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; STAINING AND LABELING; TETRAZOLIUM SALTS;

EID: 81555214060     PISSN: 01650270     EISSN: 1872678X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2011.09.029     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. Adhami F., Liao G., Morozov Y.M., Schloemer A., Schmithorst V.J., Lorenz J.N., et al. Cerebral ischemia-hypoxia induces intravascular coagulation and autophagy. Am J Pathol 2006, 169:566-583.
2. Bederson J.B., Pitts L.H., Germano S.M., Nishimura M.C., Davis R.L., Bartkowski H.M. Evaluation of 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride as a stain for detection and quantification of experimental cerebral infarction in rats. Stroke 1986, 17:1304-1308.
3. Brown R.C., Egleton R.D., Davis T.P. Mannitol opening of the blood-brain barrier: regional variation in the permeability of sucrose, but not 86Rb+ or albumin. Brain Res 2004, 1014:221-227.
4. Cao G., Xing J., Xiao X., Liou A.K., Gao Y., Yin X.M., et al. Critical role of calpain I in mitochondrial release of apoptosis-inducing factor in ischemic neuronal injury. J Neurosci 2007, 27:9278-9293.
5. Dettmers C., Hartmann A., Rommel T., Kramer S., Pappata S., Young A., et al. Immersion and perfusion staining with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) compared to mitochondrial enzymes 6h after MCA-occlusion in primates. Neurol Res 1994, 16:205-208.
6. Eklind S., Mallard C., Arvidsson P., Hagberg H. Lipopolysaccharide induces both a primary and a secondary phase of sensitization in the developing rat brain. Pediatr Res 2005, 58:112-116.
7. Isayama K., Pitts L.H., Nishimura M.C. Evaluation of 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining to delineate rat brain infarcts. Stroke 1991, 22:1394-1398.
8. Kinouchi H., Sharp F.R., Hill M.P., Koistinaho J., Sagar S.M., Chan P.H. Induction of 70-kDa heat shock protein and hsp70 mRNA following transient focal cerebral ischemia in the rat. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1993, 13:105-115.
9. Kramer M., Dang J., Baertling F., Denecke B., Clarner T., Kirsch C., et al. TTC staining of damaged brain areas after MCA occlusion in the rat does not constrict quantitative gene and protein analyses. J Neurosci Methods 2010, 187:84-89.
10. Lehnardt S., Massillon L., Follett P., Jensen F.E., Ratan R., Rosenberg P.A., et al. Activation of innate immunity in the CNS triggers neurodegeneration through a Toll-like receptor 4-dependent pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2003, 100:8514-8519.
11. Lin H.Y., Huang C.C., Chang K.F. Lipopolysaccharide preconditioning reduces neuroinflammation against hypoxic ischemia and provides long-term outcome of neuroprotection in neonatal rat. Pediatr Res 2009, 66:254-259.
12. Louboutin J.P., Chekmasova A.A., Marusich E., Chowdhury J.R., Strayer D.S. Efficient CNS gene delivery by intravenous injection. Nat Methods 2010, 7:905-907.
13. Martin A., Boisgard R., Theze B., Van Camp N., Kuhnast B., Damont A., et al. Evaluation of the PBR/TSPO radioligand [(18)F]DPA-714 in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2010, 30:230-241.
14. McCarty D.M., DiRosario J., Gulaid K., Muenzer J., Fu H. Mannitol-facilitated CNS entry of rAAV2 vector significantly delayed the neurological disease progression in MPS IIIB mice. Gene Ther 2009, 16:1340-1352.
15. Park K.P., Rosell A., Foerch C., Xing C., Kim W.J., Lee S., et al. Plasma and brain matrix metalloproteinase-9 after acute focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Stroke 2009, 40:2836-2842.
16. Rapoport S.I. Osmotic opening of the blood-brain barrier: principles, mechanism, and therapeutic applications. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2000, 20:217-230.
17. Rapoport S.I., Thompson H.K. Osmotic opening of the blood-brain barrier in the monkey without associated neurological deficits. Science 1973, 180:971.
18. Rosenberg G.A., Estrada E.Y., Dencoff J.E. Matrix metalloproteinases and TIMPs are associated with blood-brain barrier opening after reperfusion in rat brain. Stroke 1998, 29:2189-2195.
19. Rosenzweig H.L., Lessov N.S., Henshall D.C., Minami M., Simon R.P., Stenzel-Poore M.P. Endotoxin preconditioning prevents cellular inflammatory response during ischemic neuroprotection in mice. Stroke 2004, 35:2576-2581.
20. Sato S., Sato K. Mode of action of triphenyltetrazolium chloride on mitochondrial respiration. J Biochem 1965, 58:470-479.
21. Sharp F.R., Lu A., Tang Y., Millhorn D.E. Multiple molecular penumbras after focal cerebral ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2000, 20:1011-1032.
22. Shereen A., Nemkul N., Yang D., Adhami F., Dunn R.S., Hazen M.L., et al. Ex vivo diffusion tensor imaging and neuropathological correlation in a murine model of hypoxia-ischemia-induced thrombotic stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2011, 31:1155-1169.
23. Sun Y.Y., Wang C.Y., Hsu M.F., Juan S.H., Chang C.Y., Chou C.M., et al. Glucocorticoid protection of oligodendrocytes against excitotoxin involving hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha in a cell-type-specific manner. J Neurosci 2010, 30:9621-9630.
24. Tasaki K., Ruetzler C.A., Ohtsuki T., Martin D., Nawashiro H., Hallenbeck J.M. Lipopolysaccharide pretreatment induces resistance against subsequent focal cerebral ischemic damage in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Brain Res 1997, 748:267-270.
25. Yang D., Nemkul N., Shereen A., Jone A., Dunn R.S., Lawrence D.A., et al. Therapeutic administration of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 prevents hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in newborns. J Neurosci 2009, 29:8669-8674.