메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 359, Issue 1450, 2004, Pages 1585-1594

Mechanisms and tempo of evolution in the African Guineo-Congolian rainforest

Author keywords

Africa; Molecular dating; Phylogeny; Rainforest; Speciation

Indexed keywords

BIODIVERSITY; MIOCENE; PHYLOGENY; RAINFOREST; SPECIATION (BIOLOGY);

EID: 8144225514     PISSN: 09628436     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2004.1535     Document Type: Conference Paper
Times cited : (193)

References (63)
  • 1
    • 0002922438 scopus 로고
    • Savanisation tropicale et glaciations Quaternaires
    • Aubréville, A. 1962 Savanisation tropicale et glaciations Quaternaires. Adansonia 2, 16-84.
    • (1962) Adansonia , vol.2 , pp. 16-84
    • Aubréville, A.1
  • 2
    • 0002634563 scopus 로고
    • Late Cretaceous and Tertiary vegetation history of Africa
    • ed. M. J. A. Werger, The Hague: Junk
    • Axelrod, D. I. & Raven, P. H. 1978 Late Cretaceous and Tertiary vegetation history of Africa. In Biogeography and ecology of southern Africa (ed. M. J. A. Werger), pp. 77-130. The Hague: Junk.
    • (1978) Biogeography and Ecology of Southern Africa , pp. 77-130
    • Axelrod, D.I.1    Raven, P.H.2
  • 3
    • 0000655963 scopus 로고
    • Regional overview: Africa
    • ed. S. D. Davis, V. H. Heywood & A. C. Hamilton, Cambridge: IUCN Publications Unit
    • Bentje, H. J., Adams, B., Davis, S. D. & Hamilton, A. C. 1994 Regional overview: Africa. In Centres of plant diversity, vol. 1. (ed. S. D. Davis, V. H. Heywood & A. C. Hamilton), pp. 101-148. Cambridge: IUCN Publications Unit.
    • (1994) Centres of Plant Diversity , vol.1 , pp. 101-148
    • Bentje, H.J.1    Adams, B.2    Davis, S.D.3    Hamilton, A.C.4
  • 4
    • 0001392167 scopus 로고
    • Some aspects of the phytogeography of tropical Africa
    • Brenan, J. P. M. 1978 Some aspects of the phytogeography of tropical Africa. Ann. Miss. Bot. Gard. 65, 437-478.
    • (1978) Ann. Miss. Bot. Gard. , vol.65 , pp. 437-478
    • Brenan, J.P.M.1
  • 5
    • 0002055614 scopus 로고
    • African flora since the terminal Jurassic
    • ed. P. Goldblatt, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press
    • Coetzee, J. A. 1993 African flora since the terminal Jurassic. In Biological relationships between Africa and South America (ed. P. Goldblatt), pp. 37-61. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
    • (1993) Biological Relationships between Africa and South America , pp. 37-61
    • Coetzee, J.A.1
  • 6
    • 0029659367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A long pollen record from lowland Amazonia: Forest and cooling in glacial times
    • Colinvaux, P. A., de Oliveira, P. E., Moreno, J. E., Miller, M. C. & Bush, M. B. 1996 A long pollen record from lowland Amazonia: forest and cooling in glacial times. Science 274, 85-87.
    • (1996) Science , vol.274 , pp. 85-87
    • Colinvaux, P.A.1    De Oliveira, P.E.2    Moreno, J.E.3    Miller, M.C.4    Bush, M.B.5
  • 7
    • 0000876018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A paradigm to be discarded: Geological and paleoecological data falsify the Haffer & Prance refuge hypothesis of Amazonian speciation
    • Colinvaux, P. A., Irion, G., Räsänen, M. E. & Bush, M. B. 2001 A paradigm to be discarded: geological and paleoecological data falsify the Haffer & Prance refuge hypothesis of Amazonian speciation. Amazoniana 16, 609-646.
    • (2001) Amazoniana , vol.16 , pp. 609-646
    • Colinvaux, P.A.1    Irion, G.2    Räsänen, M.E.3    Bush, M.B.4
  • 8
    • 0026305664 scopus 로고
    • A re-appraisal of palaeoenvironmental history in Central Africa: Evidence for a major fluvial refuge in the Zaire Basin
    • Colyn, M., Gautier-Hion, A. & Verheyen, W. 1991 A re-appraisal of palaeoenvironmental history in Central Africa: evidence for a major fluvial refuge in the Zaire Basin. J. Biogeogr. 18, 403-407.
    • (1991) J. Biogeogr. , vol.18 , pp. 403-407
    • Colyn, M.1    Gautier-Hion, A.2    Verheyen, W.3
  • 9
    • 0034810980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Taxonomic diversity gradients through geological time
    • Crame, J. A. 2001 Taxonomic diversity gradients through geological time. Diversity Distrib. 7, 175-189.
    • (2001) Diversity Distrib. , vol.7 , pp. 175-189
    • Crame, J.A.1
  • 10
    • 0036964377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogeny of Acridocarpus-Brachylophon (Malpighiaceae): Implications for Tertiary tropical floras and Afroasian biogeography
    • Davis, C. C., Bell, C. D., Fritsch, P. W. & Mathews, S. 2002a Phylogeny of Acridocarpus-Brachylophon (Malpighiaceae): implications for Tertiary tropical floras and Afroasian biogeography. Evolution 56, 2395-2408.
    • (2002) Evolution , vol.56 , pp. 2395-2408
    • Davis, C.C.1    Bell, C.D.2    Fritsch, P.W.3    Mathews, S.4
  • 11
    • 0037076315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laurasian migration explains Gondwanan disjunctions: Evidence from Malpighiaceae
    • Davis, C. C., Bell, C. D., Mathews, S. & Donoghue, M. J. 2002b Laurasian migration explains Gondwanan disjunctions: evidence from Malpighiaceae. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 99, 6833-6837.
    • (2002) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.99 , pp. 6833-6837
    • Davis, C.C.1    Bell, C.D.2    Mathews, S.3    Donoghue, M.J.4
  • 12
    • 84985406676 scopus 로고
    • The distribution of forest passerine birds and Quaternary climatic change in tropical Africa
    • Diamond, A. W. & Hamilton, A. C. 1980 The distribution of forest passerine birds and Quaternary climatic change in tropical Africa. J. Zool. 191, 379-402.
    • (1980) J. Zool. , vol.191 , pp. 379-402
    • Diamond, A.W.1    Hamilton, A.C.2
  • 13
    • 0019998436 scopus 로고
    • Age progressive volcanism in the Comores Archipelago, western Indian Ocean and implications for Somali plate tectonics
    • Emerick, C. M. & Duncan, R. A. 1982 Age progressive volcanism in the Comores Archipelago, western Indian Ocean and implications for Somali plate tectonics. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 60, 415-428.
    • (1982) Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. , vol.60 , pp. 415-428
    • Emerick, C.M.1    Duncan, R.A.2
  • 14
    • 0002591319 scopus 로고
    • Pleistocene forest refuges: Fact or fancy?
    • ed. G. T. Prance, New York: Columbia University Press
    • Endler, J. A. 1982 Pleistocene forest refuges: fact or fancy? In Biological diversification in the tropics (ed. G. T. Prance), pp. 641-657. New York: Columbia University Press.
    • (1982) Biological Diversification in the Tropics , pp. 641-657
    • Endler, J.A.1
  • 15
    • 0028163021 scopus 로고
    • Geographical patterns for relict and young species of birds in Africa and South America and implications for conservation priorities
    • Fjeldså, J. 1994 Geographical patterns for relict and young species of birds in Africa and South America and implications for conservation priorities. Biodiv. Conserv. 3, 207-226.
    • (1994) Biodiv. Conserv. , vol.3 , pp. 207-226
    • Fjeldså, J.1
  • 16
    • 0030618331 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geographical patterns of old and young species in African forest biota: The significance of specific montane areas as evolutionary centres
    • Fjeldså, J. & Lovett, J. C. 1997 Geographical patterns of old and young species in African forest biota: the significance of specific montane areas as evolutionary centres. Biodiv. Conserv. 6, 325-346.
    • (1997) Biodiv. Conserv. , vol.6 , pp. 325-346
    • Fjeldså, J.1    Lovett, J.C.2
  • 17
    • 0024871407 scopus 로고
    • Speciation in tropical forests
    • ed. L. Holm-Nielsen, I. C. Nielsen & H. Balslev, London: Academic
    • Gentry, A. H. 1989 Speciation in tropical forests. In Tropical forests: botanical dynamics, speciation and diversity (ed. L. Holm-Nielsen, I. C. Nielsen & H. Balslev), pp. 113-134. London: Academic.
    • (1989) Tropical Forests: Botanical Dynamics, Speciation and Diversity , pp. 113-134
    • Gentry, A.H.1
  • 18
    • 0002580217 scopus 로고
    • Diversity and floristic composition of low-land tropical forests in Africa and South America
    • ed. P. Goldblatt, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press
    • Gentry, A. H. 1993 Diversity and floristic composition of low-land tropical forests in Africa and South America. In Biological relationships between Africa and South America (ed. P. Goldblatt), pp. 500-547. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
    • (1993) Biological Relationships between Africa and South America , pp. 500-547
    • Gentry, A.H.1
  • 19
    • 0001793838 scopus 로고
    • Refuges and dispersal in the speciation of African forest mammals
    • ed. G. T. Prance, New York: Columbia University Press
    • Grubb, P. 1982 Refuges and dispersal in the speciation of African forest mammals. In Biological diversification in the tropics (ed. G. T. Prance), pp. 537-553. New York: Columbia University Press.
    • (1982) Biological Diversification in the Tropics , pp. 537-553
    • Grubb, P.1
  • 20
    • 0001981496 scopus 로고
    • The significance of patterns of distribution shown by forest plants and animals in tropical Africa for the reconstruction of upper Pleistocene palaeoenvironments: A review
    • ed. E. M. Van Zinderen Bakker, Cape Town: A. A. Balkema
    • Hamilton, A. C. 1976 The significance of patterns of distribution shown by forest plants and animals in tropical Africa for the reconstruction of upper Pleistocene palaeoenvironments: a review. In Palaeoecology of Africa, vol. 9 (ed. E. M. Van Zinderen Bakker), pp. 63-97. Cape Town: A. A. Balkema.
    • (1976) Palaeoecology of Africa , vol.9 , pp. 63-97
    • Hamilton, A.C.1
  • 22
    • 0027101521 scopus 로고
    • History of climate and forests in tropical Africa during the last 8 million years
    • ed. N. Myers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer
    • Hamilton, A. C. & Taylor, D. 1991 History of climate and forests in tropical Africa during the last 8 million years. In Tropical forests and climate (ed. N. Myers), pp. 65-78. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer.
    • (1991) Tropical Forests and Climate , pp. 65-78
    • Hamilton, A.C.1    Taylor, D.2
  • 23
    • 0000667561 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid radiation in Aframomum (Zingiberaceae): Evidence from nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences
    • Harris, D. J., Poulsen, A. D., Frimodt-Möller, C., Preston, J. & Cronk, Q. C. B. 2000 Rapid radiation in Aframomum (Zingiberaceae): evidence from nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences. Edinburgh J. Bot. 57, 377-395.
    • (2000) Edinburgh J. Bot. , vol.57 , pp. 377-395
    • Harris, D.J.1    Poulsen, A.D.2    Frimodt-Möller, C.3    Preston, J.4    Cronk, Q.C.B.5
  • 24
    • 8144230734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paleobotanical studies from Tropical Africa: Relevance to the evolution of forest, woodland and savannah biomes
    • doi:10.1098/rstb.2004.1533
    • Jacobs, B. F. 2004 Paleobotanical studies from Tropical Africa: relevance to the evolution of forest, woodland and savannah biomes. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 359, 1573-1583. (doi:10.1098/rstb.2004.1533)
    • (2004) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B , vol.359 , pp. 1573-1583
    • Jacobs, B.F.1
  • 25
    • 0037200119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geographic range size and determinants of avian species richness
    • Jetz, W. & Rahbek, C. 2002 Geographic range size and determinants of avian species richness. Science 297, 1548-1551.
    • (2002) Science , vol.297 , pp. 1548-1551
    • Jetz, W.1    Rahbek, C.2
  • 26
    • 0035784162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microrefugia, small scale ice age forest remnants
    • Plant systematics and phytogeography for the understanding of African biodiversity. Proc. XVIth AETFAT Congress (ed. E. Robbrecht, J. Degreef & I. Friss)
    • Leal, M. E. 2001 Microrefugia, small scale ice age forest remnants. In Plant systematics and phytogeography for the understanding of African biodiversity. Proc. XVIth AETFAT Congress (ed. E. Robbrecht, J. Degreef & I. Friss). Syst. Geogr. Pl. 71, 1073-1077.
    • (2001) Syst. Geogr. Pl. , vol.71 , pp. 1073-1077
    • Leal, M.E.1
  • 29
    • 0034972930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plant diversity and endemism in subSaharan tropical Africa
    • Linder, H. P. 2001 Plant diversity and endemism in subSaharan tropical Africa. J. Biogeogr. 28, 169-182.
    • (2001) J. Biogeogr. , vol.28 , pp. 169-182
    • Linder, H.P.1
  • 30
    • 0001836449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of endemism in the woody flora of northeast and east Africa
    • ed. L. J. G. van der Maesen, X. M. van der Burgt & J. M. van Medenbach de Rooy, Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer
    • Lovett, J. C. & Friis, I. 1996 Patterns of endemism in the woody flora of northeast and east Africa. In The biodiversity of African plants (ed. L. J. G. van der Maesen, X. M. van der Burgt & J. M. van Medenbach de Rooy), pp. 582-601. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer.
    • (1996) The Biodiversity of African Plants , pp. 582-601
    • Lovett, J.C.1    Friis, I.2
  • 31
    • 0001386290 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The monophyly and taxonomic position of Berlinia Hook.f. (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae): A preliminary study
    • ed. P. S. Herendeen & A. Bruneau, Kew, UK: Royal Botanic Gardens
    • Mackinder, B. A. 2000 The monophyly and taxonomic position of Berlinia Hook.f. (Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae): a preliminary study. In Advances in legume systematics, part 9 (ed. P. S. Herendeen & A. Bruneau), pp. 151-163. Kew, UK: Royal Botanic Gardens.
    • (2000) Advances in Legume Systematics , Issue.9 PART , pp. 151-163
    • Mackinder, B.A.1
  • 32
    • 0000466486 scopus 로고
    • Fragmentation de la foret dense humide africaine et extension des biotopes montagnardes au Quaternaire recent: Nouvelles donnees polliniques et chronologiques. Implications paleoclimatiques et biogeographiques
    • ed. J. A. Coetzee, Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema
    • Maley, J. 1987 Fragmentation de la foret dense humide africaine et extension des biotopes montagnardes au Quaternaire recent: nouvelles donnees polliniques et chronologiques. Implications paleoclimatiques et biogeographiques. In Palaeoecology of Africa and the surrounding islands, vol. 18. (ed. J. A. Coetzee), pp. 307-334. Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema.
    • (1987) Palaeoecology of Africa and the Surrounding Islands , vol.18 , pp. 307-334
    • Maley, J.1
  • 33
    • 33749275048 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The African rainforest: Main characteristics of changes in vegetation and climate from the Upper-Cretaceous to the Quaternary
    • Essays on the ecology of the Guinea-Congo rainforest. (ed. I. J. Alexander, M. D. Swaine & R. Watling)
    • Maley, J. 1996 The African rainforest: main characteristics of changes in vegetation and climate from the Upper-Cretaceous to the Quaternary. In Essays on the ecology of the Guinea-Congo rainforest. (ed. I. J. Alexander, M. D. Swaine & R. Watling), Proc. R. Soc. Edinburgh B, 104, 31-73.
    • (1996) Proc. R. Soc. Edinburgh B , vol.104 , pp. 31-73
    • Maley, J.1
  • 34
  • 35
    • 0022836668 scopus 로고
    • The biogeographic evidence supporting the Pleistocene forest refuge hypothesis
    • Mayr, E. & O'Hara, R. J. 1986 The biogeographic evidence supporting the Pleistocene forest refuge hypothesis. Evolution 40, 55-67.
    • (1986) Evolution , vol.40 , pp. 55-67
    • Mayr, E.1    O'Hara, R.J.2
  • 36
    • 0035784766 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic studies in Streptocarpus: Reconstruction of biogeographic history and distribution patterns in Streptocarpus (Gesneriaceae)
    • Möller, M. & Cronk, Q. C. B. 2001 Phylogenetic studies in Streptocarpus: reconstruction of biogeographic history and distribution patterns in Streptocarpus (Gesneriaceae). Syst. Geogr. Pl. 71, 545-555.
    • (2001) Syst. Geogr. Pl. , vol.71 , pp. 545-555
    • Möller, M.1    Cronk, Q.C.B.2
  • 37
    • 0034503191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diversification of rainforest faunas: An integrated molecular approach
    • Moritz, C., Patton, J. L., Schneider, C. J. & Smith, T. B. 2000 Diversification of rainforest faunas: an integrated molecular approach. A. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 31, 533-563.
    • (2000) A. Rev. Ecol. Syst. , vol.31 , pp. 533-563
    • Moritz, C.1    Patton, J.L.2    Schneider, C.J.3    Smith, T.B.4
  • 39
    • 0012125343 scopus 로고
    • Principales distributions obtenies par l'analyse factorielle des éléments phtogéographiques présumés endémiques dans la flore du Zaïre
    • Ndjele, M. 1988 Principales distributions obtenies par l'analyse factorielle des éléments phtogéographiques présumés endémiques dans la flore du Zaïre. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 25, 631-638.
    • (1988) Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. , vol.25 , pp. 631-638
    • Ndjele, M.1
  • 40
    • 0033846899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neotropical seasonally dry forests and Pleistocene vegetation changes
    • Pennington, R. T., Prado, D. A. & Pendry, C. 2000 Neotropical seasonally dry forests and Pleistocene vegetation changes. J. Biogeogr. 27, 261-273.
    • (2000) J. Biogeogr. , vol.27 , pp. 261-273
    • Pennington, R.T.1    Prado, D.A.2    Pendry, C.3
  • 41
    • 0344099604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic relationships of the Afro-Malagasy members of the large genus Begonia inferred from trnL intron sequences
    • Plana, V. 2003 Phylogenetic relationships of the Afro-Malagasy members of the large genus Begonia inferred from trnL intron sequences. Syst. Bot. 28, 693-704.
    • (2003) Syst. Bot. , vol.28 , pp. 693-704
    • Plana, V.1
  • 43
    • 0002349191 scopus 로고
    • Forest refuges: Evidence from woody angiosperms
    • ed. G. T. Prance, New York: Columbia University Press
    • Prance, G. T. 1982 Forest refuges: evidence from woody angiosperms. In Biological diversification in the tropics (ed. G. T. Prance), pp. 137-157. New York: Columbia University Press.
    • (1982) Biological Diversification in the Tropics , pp. 137-157
    • Prance, G.T.1
  • 44
    • 0000386783 scopus 로고
    • Angiosperm biogeography and past continental movements
    • Raven, P. H. & Axelrod, D. I. 1974 Angiosperm biogeography and past continental movements. Ann. Miss. Bot. Gard. 61, 539-673.
    • (1974) Ann. Miss. Bot. Gard. , vol.61 , pp. 539-673
    • Raven, P.H.1    Axelrod, D.I.2
  • 45
    • 0002935869 scopus 로고
    • Africa, the 'odd man out'
    • ed. B. J. Meggers, E. S. Ayensu & W. D. Duckworth, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press
    • Richards, P. W. 1973 Africa, the 'odd man out'. In Tropical forest ecosystems of Africa and South America: a comparative review (ed. B. J. Meggers, E. S. Ayensu & W. D. Duckworth), pp. 21-26. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.
    • (1973) Tropical Forest Ecosystems of Africa and South America: A Comparative Review , pp. 21-26
    • Richards, P.W.1
  • 46
    • 0035929227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid diversification of a species-rich genus of neotropical rainforest trees
    • Richardson, J. E., Pennington, R. T., Pennington, T. D. & Hollingsworth, P. M. 2001 Rapid diversification of a species-rich genus of neotropical rainforest trees. Science 293, 2242-2245.
    • (2001) Science , vol.293 , pp. 2242-2245
    • Richardson, J.E.1    Pennington, R.T.2    Pennington, T.D.3    Hollingsworth, P.M.4
  • 47
    • 0001794814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Caesalpinioideae and the study of forest refuges in central Africa
    • ed. L. J. G. van der Maesen, X. M. van der Burgt & J. M. van Medenbach de Rooy, Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer
    • Rietkerk, M., Ketner, P. & de Wilde, J. J. F. E. 1996 Caesalpinioideae and the study of forest refuges in central Africa. In The biodiversity of African plants (ed. L. J. G. van der Maesen, X. M. van der Burgt & J. M. van Medenbach de Rooy), pp. 618-623. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer.
    • (1996) The Biodiversity of African Plants , pp. 618-623
    • Rietkerk, M.1    Ketner, P.2    De Wilde, J.J.F.E.3
  • 48
    • 0002517323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geography of African Rubiaceae with reference to glacial rain forest refuges
    • ed. L. J. G. van der Maesen, X. M. van der Burgt & J. M. van Medenbach de Rooy, The Netherlands: Kluwer, Dordrecht
    • Robbrecht, E. 1996 Geography of African Rubiaceae with reference to glacial rain forest refuges. In The biodiversity of African plants (ed. L. J. G. van der Maesen, X. M. van der Burgt & J. M. van Medenbach de Rooy), pp. 564-581. The Netherlands: Kluwer, Dordrecht.
    • (1996) The Biodiversity of African Plants , pp. 564-581
    • Robbrecht, E.1
  • 49
    • 0030860350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent diversification in African greenbuls (Pycnontidae: Andropadus) supports a montane speciation model
    • doi:10.1098/rspb.1997.0185
    • Roy, M. S. 1997 Recent diversification in African greenbuls (Pycnontidae: Andropadus) supports a montane speciation model. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 264, 1337-1344. (doi:10.1098/rspb.1997.0185)
    • (1997) Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B , vol.264 , pp. 1337-1344
    • Roy, M.S.1
  • 50
    • 0035150953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular systematics and evolutionary history of akalats (genus Sheppardia): A Pre-Pleistocene radiation in a group of African forest birds
    • Roy, M. S., Sponer, R. & Fjeldså, J. 2001 Molecular systematics and evolutionary history of akalats (genus Sheppardia): a Pre-Pleistocene radiation in a group of African forest birds. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 18, 74-83.
    • (2001) Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. , vol.18 , pp. 74-83
    • Roy, M.S.1    Sponer, R.2    Fjeldså, J.3
  • 51
    • 8144220350 scopus 로고
    • Intertropical African palynostratigraphy from Cretaceous to Late Quaternary times
    • Salard-Cheboldaeff, M. 1990 Intertropical African palynostratigraphy from Cretaceous to Late Quaternary times. Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. 28, 365-368.
    • (1990) Rev. Palaeobot. Palynol. , vol.28 , pp. 365-368
    • Salard-Cheboldaeff, M.1
  • 52
    • 0030773749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A non-parametric approach to estimating divergence times in the absence of rate constancy
    • Sanderson, M. J. 1997 A non-parametric approach to estimating divergence times in the absence of rate constancy. Mol. Biol. Evol. 14, 1218-1231.
    • (1997) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.14 , pp. 1218-1231
    • Sanderson, M.J.1
  • 53
    • 0030879015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A role for ecotones in generating rainforest biodiversity
    • Smith, T. B., Wayne, R. K., Girman, D. J. & Bruford, M. W. 1997 A role for ecotones in generating rainforest biodiversity. Science 276, 1855-1857.
    • (1997) Science , vol.276 , pp. 1855-1857
    • Smith, T.B.1    Wayne, R.K.2    Girman, D.J.3    Bruford, M.W.4
  • 54
    • 0344275001 scopus 로고
    • Refuge begonias: Taxonomy, phylogeny and historical biogeography of Begonia sect. Loasibegonia and sect. Scutobegonia in relation to glacial rainforest refuges in Africa Studies in Begoniaceae V
    • Sosef, M. S. M. 1994 Refuge begonias: taxonomy, phylogeny and historical biogeography of Begonia sect. Loasibegonia and sect. Scutobegonia in relation to glacial rainforest refuges in Africa Studies in Begoniaceae V. Wageningen Agric. Univ. Pap. 94, 1-306.
    • (1994) Wageningen Agric. Univ. Pap. , vol.94 , pp. 1-306
    • Sosef, M.S.M.1
  • 55
    • 0001897399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Begonias and African rainforest refuges: General aspects and recent progress
    • ed. L. J. G. van der Maesen, X. M. van der Burgt & J. M. van Medenbach de Rooy, Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer
    • Sosef, M. S. M. 1996 Begonias and African rainforest refuges: general aspects and recent progress. In The biodiversity of African plants (ed. L. J. G. van der Maesen, X. M. van der Burgt & J. M. van Medenbach de Rooy), pp. 602-611. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer.
    • (1996) The Biodiversity of African Plants , pp. 602-611
    • Sosef, M.S.M.1
  • 57
    • 0032862670 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conservation and monographic research on the flora of tropical America
    • Thomas, W. W. 1999 Conservation and monographic research on the flora of tropical America. Biodiv. Conserv. 8, 1007-1015.
    • (1999) Biodiv. Conserv. , vol.8 , pp. 1007-1015
    • Thomas, W.W.1
  • 60
    • 0034493802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biogeography and evolutionary history of Hyperolius species: Application of molecular phylogeny
    • Wieczorek, A. M., Drewes, R. C. & Channing, A. 2000 Biogeography and evolutionary history of Hyperolius species: application of molecular phylogeny. J. Biogeogr. 27, 1231-1243.
    • (2000) J. Biogeogr. , vol.27 , pp. 1231-1243
    • Wieczorek, A.M.1    Drewes, R.C.2    Channing, A.3
  • 61
    • 0002304447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monopetalanthus exit. A systematic study of Aphanocalyx, Bikinia, Icuria, Michelsonia and Tetraberlinia (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae)
    • Wieringa, J. J. 1999. Monopetalanthus exit. A systematic study of Aphanocalyx, Bikinia, Icuria, Michelsonia and Tetraberlinia (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae). Wageningen Agric. Univ. Pap. 99-4, 1-320.
    • (1999) Wageningen Agric. Univ. Pap. , vol.99 , Issue.4 , pp. 1-320
    • Wieringa, J.J.1
  • 62
    • 8144227960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic analyses of combined morphological and molecular datasets on the Aphanocalyx-Bikinia-Tetraberlinia group (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, Deterieae s.l.)
    • ed. B. B. Klitgaard & A. Bruneau, Kew, UK: Royal Botanic Gardens
    • Wieringa, J. J. & Gervais, G. Y. F. 2003 Phylogenetic analyses of combined morphological and molecular datasets on the Aphanocalyx-Bikinia- Tetraberlinia group (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, Deterieae s.l.). In Advances in legume systematics, part 10, Higher level systematic (ed. B. B. Klitgaard & A. Bruneau), pp. 181-196. Kew, UK: Royal Botanic Gardens.
    • (2003) Advances in Legume Systematics, Part 10, Higher Level Systematic , pp. 181-196
    • Wieringa, J.J.1    Gervais, G.Y.F.2
  • 63
    • 0023077360 scopus 로고
    • Limnogeologic studies on an intertrappean continental deposit from northern Ethiopian Plateau (37°03′ E, 12°25′ N)
    • Yemane, K., Taieb, M. & Faure, H. 1987 Limnogeologic studies on an intertrappean continental deposit from northern Ethiopian Plateau (37°03′ E, 12°25′ N). J. Afr. Earth Sci. 6, 91-101.
    • (1987) J. Afr. Earth Sci. , vol.6 , pp. 91-101
    • Yemane, K.1    Taieb, M.2    Faure, H.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.