M-TOR inhibitors: What role in liver transplantation?

Journal of Hepatology

Volumn 55, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 1441-1451

  Kawahara, Toshiyasu ^a   Asthana, Sonal ^a   Kneteman, Norman M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA   (Canada)

Author keywords

Everolimus; Hepatitis C virus; Hepatocellular carcinoma; Immune suppression; Liver transplantation; m TOR; Sirolimus; Target of rapamycin inhibitors

Indexed keywords

AZITHROMYCIN; CYCLOSPORIN A; DEFEROLIMUS; EVEROLIMUS; FLUCONAZOLE; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL COENZYME A REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; INTERLEUKIN 12; INTERLEUKIN 1BETA; MAMMALIAN TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN; MAMMALIAN TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN INHIBITOR; MYCOPHENOLIC ACID 2 MORPHOLINOETHYL ESTER; OKT 3; PREDNISONE; PROTEINASE INHIBITOR; RAPAMYCIN; RAPAMYCIN DERIVATIVE; TACROLIMUS; TEMSIROLIMUS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR FOXP3; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY; ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY; ARTHRALGIA; ARTICLE; CD4+ T LYMPHOCYTE; CENTRAL PONTINE MYELINOLYSIS; DERMATITIS; DRUG HALF LIFE; DRUG SUBSTITUTION; DRUG WITHDRAWAL; DYSLIPIDEMIA; EDEMA; EPILEPTIC STATE; GLOMERULUS FILTRATION RATE; GRAFT FAILURE; HEADACHE; HEADACHE AND FACIAL PAIN; HEPATITIS; HEPATITIS C; HUMAN; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE TREATMENT; INNATE IMMUNITY; KIDNEY FAILURE; KIDNEY GRAFT REJECTION; LANGUAGE DISABILITY; LEG EDEMA; LEUKOPENIA; LIVER CELL CARCINOMA; LIVER GRAFT REJECTION; LIVER TOXICITY; LIVER TRANSPLANTATION; MONOTHERAPY; MOUTH ULCER; NEPHROTOXICITY; NERVE CELL PLASTICITY; NEUROTOXICITY; NONHUMAN; PLEURA EFFUSION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECURRENT INFECTION; REGULATORY T LYMPHOCYTE; SEIZURE; SIDE EFFECT; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SPEECH DISORDER; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; TREMOR;

EID: 81355138582     PISSN: 01688278     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2011.06.015     Document Type: Note

References (108)

1. N. Fisher, P. Nightingale, B. Gunson, G. Lipkin, and J. Neuberger Chronic renal failure following liver transplantation: a retrospective analysis Transplantation 66 1998 59 66
2. A.O. Ojo, P.J. Held, F.K. Port, R.A. Wolfe, A.B. Leichtman, and E.W. Young Chronic renal failure after transplantation of a nonrenal organ N Engl J Med 349 2003 931 940
3. A. Cohen, M. Stegall, C. Rosen, R. Wiesner, N. Leung, and W. Kremers Chronic renal dysfunction late after liver transplantation Liver Transpl 8 2002 916 921
4. M. Vivarelli, A. Cucchetti, G. La Barba, M. Ravaioli, M. Del Gaudio, and A. Lauro Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma under calcineurin inhibitors: reassessment of risk factors for tumor recurrence Ann Surg 248 2008 857 862
5. S. Dann, A. Selvaraj, and G. Thomas MTOR Complex1-S6K1 signaling: at the crossroads of obesity, diabetes and cancer Trends Mol Med 13 2007 252 259
6. C. Watson, P. Friend, N. Jamieson, T. Frick, G. Alexander, and A. Gimson Sirolimus: a potent new immunosuppressant for liver transplantation Transplantation 67 1999 505 509
7. V. McAlister, Z. Gao, K. Peltekian, J. Domingues, K. Mahalati, and A. MacDonald Sirolimus-tacrolimus combination immunosuppression Lancet 355 2000 376 377
8. G. Chang, H. Mahanty, D. Quan, C. Freise, N. Ascher, and J. Roberts Experience with the use of sirolimus in liver transplantation - use in patients for whom calcineurin inhibitors are contraindicated Liver Transpl 6 2000 734 740
9. J. Trotter, M. Wachs, T. Bak, T. Trouillot, N. Stolpman, and G. Everson Liver transplantation using sirolimus and minimal corticosteroids (3-day taper) Liver Transpl 7 2001 343 351
10. R. Wiesner, G. Klintmalm, S. McDiarmid, Rapamune Liver Transplant Study Group Sirolimus immunotherapy results in reduced roles of acute rejection in de novo orthotopic liver transplant recipients Am J Transpl 2 2002 464 [abstract]
11. S. Wullschleger, R. Loewith, and M. Hall TOR signaling in growth and metabolism Cell 124 2006 471 484
12. J. Miller Sirolimus approved with renal transplant indication Am J Health Syst Pharm 56 1999 2177 2178
13. P. Halloran Immunosuppressive drugs for kidney transplantation N Engl J Med 351 2004 2715 2729
14. T. Weichhart, and M. Säemann The multiple facets of mTOR in immunity Trends Immunol 30 2009 218 226
15. R. Zoncu, A. Efeyan, and D. Sabatini MTOR: from growth signal integration to cancer, diabetes and ageing Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 12 2011 21 35
16. M. Säemann, M. Haidinger, M. Hecking, W. Hörl, and T. Weichhart The multifunctional role of mTOR in innate immunity: implications for transplant immunity Am J Transplant 9 2009 2655 2661
17. A. Thomson, H. Turnquist, and G. Raimondi Immunoregulatory functions of mTOR inhibition Nat Rev Immunol 9 2009 324 337
18. W. Morice, G. Brunn, G. Wiederrecht, J. Siekierka, and R. Abraham Rapamycin-induced inhibition of p34cdc2 kinase activation is associated with G1/S-phase growth arrest in T lymphocytes J Biol Chem 268 1993 3734 3738
19. G. Delgoffe, T. Kole, Y. Zheng, P. Zarek, K. Matthews, and B. Xiao The mTOR kinase differentially regulates effector and regulatory T cell lineage commitment Immunity 30 2009 832 844
20. G. Everson Everolimus and mTOR inhibitors in liver transplantation: opening the "box" Liver Transpl 12 2006 1571 1573
21. J. Chapman, H. Valantine, J. Albanell, W. Arns, J. Campistol, and H. Eisen Proliferation signal inhibitors in transplantation: questions at the cutting edge of everolimus therapy Transplant Proc 39 2007 2937 2950
22. M. Montalbano, G. Neff, N. Yamashiki, D. Meyer, M. Bettiol, and G. Slapak-Green A retrospective review of liver transplant patients treated with sirolimus from a single center: an analysis of sirolimus-related complications Transplantation 78 2004 264 268
23. S. Asrani, M. Leise, C. West, M. Murad, R. Pedersen, and P. Erwin Use of sirolimus in liver transplant recipients with renal insufficiency: a systematic review and meta-analysis Hepatology 52 2010 1360 1370
24. G. Neff, P. Ruiz, J. Madariaga, S. Nishida, M. Montalbano, and D. Meyer Sirolimus-associated hepatotoxicity in liver transplantation Ann Pharmacother 38 2004 1593 1596
25. J. Jacques, Z. Dickson, P. Carrier, M. Essig, A. Guillaudeau, and C. Lacour Severe sirolimus-induced acute hepatitis in a renal transplant recipient Transpl Int 23 2010 967 970
26. M. Masetti, R. Montalti, G. Rompianesi, M. Codeluppi, R. Gerring, and A. Romano Early withdrawal of calcineurin inhibitors and everolimus monotherapy in de novo liver transplant recipients preserves renal function Am J Transplant 10 2010 2252 2262
27. P. De Simone, H. Metselaar, L. Fischer, J. Dumortier, K. Boudjema, and J. Hardwigsen Conversion from a calcineurin inhibitor to everolimus therapy in maintenance liver transplant recipients: a prospective, randomized, multicenter trial Liver Transpl 15 2009 1262 1269
28. F. Saliba, S. Dharancy, R. Lorho, F. Conti, S. Radenne, and M. Neau-Cransac Conversion to everolimus in maintenance liver transplant patients: A multicenter retrospective analysis Liver Transpl 2011 [Epub ahead of print]
29. I. Bilbao, G. Sapisochin, C. Dopazo, J. Lazaro, L. Pou, and L. Castells Indications and management of everolimus after liver transplantation Transplant Proc 41 2009 2172 2176
30. R. Bloom, and P. Reese Chronic kidney disease after nonrenal solid-organ transplantation J Am Soc Nephrol 18 2007 3031 3041
31. K. Eckardt Renal failure in liver disease Intensive Care Med 25 1999 5 14
32. M. Porayko, S. Textor, R. Krom, J. Hay, G. Gores, and T. Richards Nephrotoxic effects of primary immunosuppression with FK-506 and cyclosporine regimens after liver transplantation Mayo Clin Proc 69 1994 105 111
33. E. Varo, A. López, and C. Rivero Initial immunosuppression in liver transplant recipients with impaired renal function Transplant Proc 37 2005 3909 3912
34. U. Eisenberger, D. Sollinger, F. Stickel, B. Burckhardt, and F. Frey Relationship between renal resistance index and renal function in liver transplant recipients after cessation of calcineurin inhibitor Clin Transplant 23 2009 499 504
35. S. Farkas, A. Schnitzbauer, G. Kirchner, A. Obed, B. Banas, and H. Schlitt Calcineurin inhibitor minimization protocols in liver transplantation Transpl Int 22 2009 49 60
36. P. Stratta, C. Canavese, M. Quaglia, F. Balzola, M. Bobbio, and A. Busca Posttransplantation chronic renal damage in nonrenal transplant recipients Kidney Int 68 2009 1453 1463
37. S. Flechner, J. Kobashigawa, and G. Klintmalm Calcineurin inhibitor-sparing regimens in solid organ transplantation: focus on improving renal function and nephrotoxicity Clin Transplant 22 2008 1 15
38. B. Stephany, J. Augustine, V. Krishnamurthi, D. Goldfarb, S. Flechner, and W. Braun Differences in proteinuria and graft function in de novo sirolimus-based vs. calcineurin inhibitor-based immunosuppression in live donor kidney transplantation Transplantation 82 2006 368 374
39. M. Neau-Cransac, K. Moreau, C. Deminire, P. Merville, and J. Saric Decrease in sirolimus-induced proteinuria after switch to everolimus in a liver transplant recipient with diabetic nephropathy Transpl Int 22 2009 586 587
40. C. Daniel, L. Renders, K. Amann, E. Schulze-Lohoff, I. Hauser, and C. Hugo Mechanisms of everolimus-induced glomerulosclerosis after glomerular injury in the rat Am J Transplant 5 2005 2849 2861
41. R. Vogelbacher, S. Wittmann, A. Braun, C. Daniel, and C. Hugo The mTOR inhibitor everolimus induces proteinuria and renal deterioration in the remnant kidney model in the rat Transplantation 84 2007 1492 1499
42. E. Dittrich, S. Schmaldienst, A. Soleiman, W. Hörl, and E. Pohanka Rapamycin-associated post-transplantation glomerulonephritis and its remission after reintroduction of calcineurin-inhibitor therapy Transpl Int 17 2004 215 220
43. H. Marti, and F. Frey Nephrotoxicity of rapamycin: an emerging problem in clinical medicine Nephrol Dial Transplant 20 2005 13 15
44. E. Letavernier, M. Pe'raldi, A. Pariente, E. Morelon, and C. Legendre Proteinuria following a switch from calcineurin inhibitors to sirolimus Transplantation 80 2005 1198 1203
45. F. Fervenza, P. Fitzpatrick, J. Mertz, S. Erickson, S. Liggett, and S. Popham Acute rapamycin nephrotoxicity in native kidneys of patients with chronic glomerulopathies Nephrol Dial Transplant 19 2004 1288 1292
46. G. Levy, H. Schmidli, J. Punch, E. Tuttle-Newhall, D. Mayer, and P. Neuhaus Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of everolimus in de novo liver transplant recipients: 12- and 36-month results Liver Transpl 12 2006 1640 1648
47. T. Andoh, E. Burdmann, N. Fransechini, D. Houghton, and W. Bennett Comparison of acute rapamycin nephrotoxicity with cyclosporine and FK506 Kidney Int 50 1996 1110 1117
48. F. Nielsen, P. Ottosen, H. Starklint, and H. Dieperink Kidney function and morphology after short-term combination therapy with cyclosporine A, tacrolimus and sirolimus in the rat Nephrol Dial Transplant 18 2003 491 496
49. B. Kahan Efficacy of sirolimus compared with azathioprine for reduction of acute renal allograft rejection: a randomised multicentre study The Rapamune US Study Group. Lancet 356 2000 194 202
50. I. Morard, J. Dumortier, L. Spahr, A. Hadengue, P. Majno, and P. Morel Conversion to sirolimus-based immunosuppression in maintenance liver transplantation patients Liver Transpl 13 2007 658 664
51. F. Saliba, S. Dharancy, R. Lorho, F. Conti, S. Radenne, and M. Neau-Cransac Conversion to everolimus in maintenance liver transplant patients: A multicenter retrospective analysis Liver Transpl 5 2011 6 7 [Epub ahead of print]
52. A. Cotterell, R. Fisher, A. King, T. Gehr, S. Dawson, and R. Sterling Calcineurin inhibitor-induced chronic nephrotoxicity in liver transplant patients is reversible using rapamycin as the primary immunosuppressive agent Clin Transplant 16 2002 49 51
53. R. Sindhi, J. Seward, G. Mazariegos, K. Soltys, L. Seward, and A. Smith Replacing calcineurin inhibitors with mTOR inhibitors in children Pediatr Transplant 9 2005 391 397
54. S. Shenoy, K. Hardinger, J. Crippin, N. Desai, K. Korenblat, and M. Lisker-Melman Sirolimus conversion in liver transplant recipients with renal dysfunction: a prospective, randomized, single-center trial Transplantation 83 2007 1389 1392
55. C. Watson, A. Gimson, G. Alexander, M. Allison, P. Gibbs, and J. Smith A randomized controlled trial of late conversion from calcineurin inhibitor (CNI)-based to sirolimus-based immunosuppression in liver transplant recipients with impaired renal function Liver Transpl 13 2007 1694 1702
56. P. De Simone, P. Carrai, A. Precisi, S. Petruccelli, L. Baldoni, and E. Balzano Conversion to everolimus monotherapy in maintenance liver transplantation: feasibility, safety, and impact on renal function Transpl Int 22 2009 279 286
57. F. Schena, M. Pascoe, J. Alberu, M. del Carmen Rial, R. Oberbauer, and D. Brennan Conversion from calcineurin inhibitors to sirolimus maintenance therapy in renal allograft recipients: 24-month efficacy and safety results from the CONVERT trial Transplantation 87 2009 233 242
58. E. Wijdicks Neurotoxicity of immunosuppressive drugs Liver Transpl 7 2001 937 942
59. E. Wijdicks, R. Wiesner, and R. Krom Neurotoxicity in liver transplant recipients with cyclosporine immunosuppression Neurology 45 1995 1962 1964
60. A. Jain, D. Brody, I. Hamad, N. Rishi, E. Kanal, and J. Fung Conversion to neoral for neurotoxicity after primary adult liver transplantation under tacrolimus Transplantation 69 2000 172 176
61. S. Friman, and L. Bäckman A new microemulsion formulation of cyclosporin: pharmacokinetic and clinical features Clin Pharmacokinet 30 1996 181 193
62. E. Wijdicks, L. Dahlke, and R. Wiesner Oral cyclosporine decreases severity of neurotoxicity in liver transplant recipients Neurology 52 1999 1708 1710
63. S. Emre, Y. Genyk, L. Schluger, T. Fishbein, S. Guy, and P. Sheiner Treatment of tacrolimus-related adverse effects by conversion to cyclosporine in liver transplant recipients Transpl Int 13 2000 73 78
64. B. Maramattom, and E. Wijdicks Sirolimus may not cause neurotoxicity in kidney and liver transplant recipients Neurology 63 2004 1958 1959
65. D. van de Beek, W. Kremers, S. Kushwaha, C. McGregor, and E. Wijdicks No major neurologic complications with sirolimus use in heart transplant recipients Mayo Clin Proc 84 2009 330 332
66. M. Vivarelli, G. Vetrone, M. Zanello, G. La Barba, A. Cucchetti, and A. Lauro Sirolimus as the main immunosuppressant in the early postoperative period following liver transplantation: a report of six cases and review of the literature Transpl Int 19 2006 1022 1025
67. P. Thuluvath, K. Krok, D. Segev, and H. Yoo Trends in post-liver transplant survival in patients with hepatitis C between 1991 and 2001 in the United States Liver Transpl 13 2007 719 724
68. S. Pelletier, J. Iezzoni, T. Crabtree, Y. Hahn, R. Sawyer, and T. Pruett Prediction of liver allograft fibrosis after transplantation for hepatitis C virus: persistent elevation of serum transaminase levels versus necroinflammatory activity Liver Transpl 6 2000 44 53
69. M. Berenguer, L. Ferrell, J. Watson, M. Prieto, M. Kim, and M. Rayón HCV-related fibrosis progression following liver transplantation: increase in recent years J Hepatol 32 2000 673 684
70. M. Berenguer, V. Aguilera, M. Prieto, F. San Juan, J. Rayón, and S. Benlloch Significant improvement in the outcome of HCV-infected transplant recipients by avoiding rapid steroid tapering and potent induction immunosuppression J Hepatol 44 2006 717 722
71. M. Berenguer, A. Royuela, and J. Zamora Immunosuppression with calcineurin inhibitors with respect to the outcome of HCV recurrence after liver transplantation: results of a meta-analysis Liver Transpl 13 2007 21 29
72. R. Firpi, H. Zhu, G. Morelli, M. Abdelmalek, C. Soldevila-Pico, and V. Machicao Cyclosporine suppresses hepatitis C virus in vitro and increases the chance of a sustained virological response after liver transplantation Liver Transpl 12 2006 51 57
73. K. Watashi, M. Hijikata, M. Hosaka, M. Yamaji, and K. Shimotohno Cyclosporin A suppresses replication of hepatitis C virus genome in cultured hepatocytes Hepatology 38 2003 1282 1288
74. M. Nakagawa, N. Sakamoto, Y. Tanabe, T. Koyama, Y. Itsui, and Y. Takeda Suppression of hepatitis C virus replication by cyclosporin a is mediated by blockade of cyclophilins Gastroenterology 129 2005 1031 1041
75. J. Guitard, K. Sandres-Sauné, N. Kamar, D. Ribes, S. Faguer, and L. Esposito Hepatitis C virus viral load after conversion from tacrolimus to cyclosporine in liver transplant patients: a pilot study Transplant Proc 39 2007 2603 2605
76. M. Berenguer, V. Aguilera, F. San Juan, S. Benlloch, A. Rubin, and R. López-Andujar Effect of calcineurin inhibitors in the outcome of liver transplantation in hepatitis C virus-positive recipients Transplantation 90 2010 1204 1209
77. M. Neef, M. Ledermann, H. Saegesser, V. Schneider, and J. Reichen Low-dose oral rapamycin treatment reduces fibrogenesis, improves liver function, and prolongs survival in rats with established liver cirrhosis J Hepatol 45 2006 786 796
78. P. Mannová, and L. Beretta Activation of the N-Ras-PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway by hepatitis C virus: control of cell survival and viral replication J Virol 79 2005 8742 8749
79. L. Peng, D. Liang, W. Tong, J. Li, and Z. Yuan Hepatitis C virus NS5A activates the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, contributing to cell survival by disrupting the interaction between FK506-binding protein 38 (FKBP38) and mTOR J Biol Chem 285 2010 20870 20881
80. H. Ishida, K. Li, M. Yi, and S. Lemon P21-activated kinase 1 is activated through the mammalian target of rapamycin/p70 S6 kinase pathway and regulates the replication of hepatitis C virus in human hepatoma cells J Biol Chem 282 2007 11836 11848
81. R. Shao, L. Zhang, L. Peng, E. Sun, W. Chung, and J. Jang Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 suppresses hepatitis C virus replication in an mTOR-dependent manner J Virol 84 2010 6060 6069
82. J. Trotter Sirolimus in liver transplantation Transplant Proc 35 2003 193S 200S
83. D. Wagner, D. Kniepeiss, S. Schaffellner, E. Jakoby, H. Mueller, and A. Fahrleitner-Pammer Sirolimus has a potential to influent viral recurrence in HCV positive liver transplant candidates Int Immunopharmacol 10 2010 990 993
84. S. Asthana, C. Toso, G. Meeberg, D. Bigam, A. Mason, and J. Shapiro The impact of sirolimus on hepatitis C recurrence after liver transplantation Can J Gastroenterol 25 2011 28 34
85. G.J. McKenna, J. Trotter, E. Klintmalm, S. Chinnakotla, N. Onaca, and R. Ruiz Limiting HCV progression in transplant recipients through conversion to sirolimus based immunosuppression Transplantation 90 2010 124
86. S. Asthana, K. Burak, V. Bain, G. Meeberg, D. Bigam, and A. Shapiro Transplantation 90 2010 122
87. N. Kneteman, J. Oberholzer, M. Al Saghier, G. Meeberg, M. Blitz, and M. Ma Sirolimus-based immunosuppression for liver transplantation in the presence of extended criteria for hepatocellular carcinoma Liver Transpl 10 2004 1301 1311
88. C. Toso, G. Meeberg, D. Bigam, J. Oberholzer, A. Shapiro, and K. Gutfreund De novo sirolimus-based immunosuppression after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: long-term outcomes and side effects Transplantation 83 2007 1162 1168
89. M. Hojo, T. Morimoto, M. Maluccio, T. Asano, K. Morimoto, and M. Lagman Cyclosporine induces cancer progression by a cell-autonomous mechanism Nature 397 1999 530 534
90. C. Freise, L. Ferrell, T. Liu, N. Ascher, and J. Roberts Effect of systemic cyclosporine on tumor recurrence after liver transplantation in a model of hepatocellular carcinoma Transplantation 67 1999 510 513
91. I. Yokoyama, B. Carr, H. Saitsu, S. Iwatsuki, and T. Starzl Accelerated growth rates of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation Cancer 68 1991 2095 2100
92. E. Regalia, C. Sansalone, V. Mazzaferro, P. Reggiani, G. Rondinara, and A. Lucianetti Pattern of recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation: Milan multicenter experience Transplant Proc 26 1994 3579 3580
93. M. Vivarelli, A. Cucchetti, F. Piscaglia, G. La Barba, L. Bolondi, and A. Cavallari Analysis of risk factors for tumor recurrence after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: key role of immunosuppression Liver Transpl 11 2005 497 503
94. G. Schumacher, M. Oidtmann, S. Rosewicz, J. Langrehr, S. Jonas, and A. Mueller Sirolimus inhibits growth of human hepatoma cells in contrast to tacrolimus which promotes cell growth Transplant Proc 34 2002 1392 1393
95. M. Guba, P. von Breitenbuch, M. Steinbauer, G. Koehl, S. Flegel, and M. Hornung Rapamycin inhibits primary and metastatic tumor growth by antiangiogenesis: involvement of vascular endothelial growth factor Nat Med 8 2002 128 135
96. M. Guba, M. Yezhelyev, M. Eichhorn, G. Schmid, I. Ischenko, and A. Papyan Rapamycin induces tumor-specific thrombosis via tissue factor in the presence of VEGF Blood 105 2005 4463 4469
97. J. Easton, and P. Houghton MTOR and cancer therapy Oncogene 25 2006 6436 6446
98. P. Patel, R. Chadalavada, R. Chaganti, and R. Motzer Targeting von Hippel-Lindau pathway in renal cell carcinoma Clin Cancer Res 12 2006 7215 7220
99. G. Stallone, A. Schena, B. Infante, S. Di Paolo, A. Loverre, and G. Maggio Sirolimus for Kaposi's sarcoma in renal-transplant recipients N Engl J Med 352 2005 1317 1323
100. H. Kauffman, W. Cherikh, Y. Cheng, D. Hanto, and B.D. Kauffman Maintenance immunosuppression with target-of-rapamycin inhibitors is associated with a reduced incidence of de novo malignancies Transplantation 80 2005 833 839
101. R. Salgo, J. Gossmann, H. Schöfer, H. Kachel, J. Kuck, and H. Geiger Switch to a sirolimus-based immunosuppression in long-term renal transplant recipients: reduced rate of (pre-)malignancies and nonmelanoma skin cancer in a prospective, randomized, assessor-blinded, controlled clinical trial Am J Transplant 10 2010 1385 1393
102. M. Elsharkawi, L. Staib, D. Henne-Bruns, and J. Mayer Complete remission of postransplant lung metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma under therapy with sirolimus and mycophenolate mofetil Transplantation 79 2005 855 857
103. M. Zimmerman, J. Trotter, M. Wachs, T. Bak, J. Campsen, and A. Skibba Sirolimus-based immunosuppression following liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma Liver Transpl 15 2008 633 638
104. J. Zhou, J. Fan, Z. Wang, Z. Wu, S. Qiu, and X. Huang Conversion to sirolimus immunosuppression in liver transplantation recipients with hepatocellular carcinoma: Report of an initial experience World J Gastroenterol 12 2006 3114 3118
105. M. Vivarelli, A. Dazzi, M. Zanello, A. Cucchetti, M. Cescon, and M. Ravaioli Effect of different immunosuppressive schedules on recurrence-free survival after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma Transplantation 89 2010 227 231
106. S. Chinnakotla, G. Davis, S. Vasani, P. Kim, K. Tomiyama, and E. Sanchez Impact of sirolimus on the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation Liver Transpl 15 2009 1834 1842
107. C. Toso, S. Merani, D. Bigam, A. Shapiro, and N. Kneteman Sirolimus-based immunosuppression is associated with increased survival after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma Hepatology 51 2011 1237 1243
108. A. Schnitzbauer, C. Zuelke, C. Graeb, J. Rochon, I. Bilbao, and P. Burra BMC Cancer 10 2010 190