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1
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The Female FTSE prepared by the International Centre for Women Leaders at Cranfield University annually since 1998 shows that there has been an increase in female NEDs in the FTSE 100 from 66 (10.82 per cent) in 1999 to 114 (15.2 per cent) in 2009. The actual number of NED female appointments is 131 shared between 114 women: Female FTSE Board Report
-
The Female FTSE prepared by the International Centre for Women Leaders at Cranfield University annually since 1998 shows that there has been an increase in female NEDs in the FTSE 100 from 66 (10.82 per cent) in 1999 to 114 (15.2 per cent) in 2009. The actual number of NED female appointments is 131 shared between 114 women: Female FTSE Board Report (2009).
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Glacial at Best
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women's progress on corporate boards in Australia' in Women on Corporate Boards, eds. S. Vinnicombe et al.
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In FTSE 100 companies had cumulatively 610 non-executive directors and 645 executive directors. In 2009 there were 330 executive directors and 748 nonexecutive directors (Female FTSE
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In FTSE 100 companies had cumulatively 610 non-executive directors and 645 executive directors. In 2009 there were 330 executive directors and 748 nonexecutive directors (Female FTSE.1999
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The Cadbury Report (A. Cadbury, The Financial Aspects of Corporate Governance (1992)) inspired numerous states to look at their corporate governance structures in a similar way: see, for example, Canada, Toronto Stock Exchange, Where Were The Directors? Guidelines for Improved Corporate Governance in Canada (Toronto Report)
-
The Cadbury Report (A. Cadbury, The Financial Aspects of Corporate Governance (1992)) inspired numerous states to look at their corporate governance structures in a similar way: see, for example, Canada, Toronto Stock Exchange, Where Were The Directors? Guidelines for Improved Corporate Governance in Canada (Toronto Report) (1994)
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France, CNPF/AFEP, The Vienot I Report
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France, CNPF/AFEP, The Vienot I Report 1995
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According to the Annual Abstract of Statistics for the 2009 Labour Force Survey, the employment rate for women in the United Kingdom has increased from 56 per cent in 1971 to just below 70 per cent in December, see tables 7.4 and 7.7. A similar pattern exists in the United States, Australia, and across Europe. These figures do not give details about the quality of employment but there is nothing to suggest that there is only peripheral employment in management positions
-
According to the Annual Abstract of Statistics for the 2009 Labour Force Survey, the employment rate for women in the United Kingdom has increased from 56 per cent in 1971 to just below 70 per cent in December, see tables 7.4 and 7.7. A similar pattern exists in the United States, Australia, and across Europe. These figures do not give details about the quality of employment but there is nothing to suggest that there is only peripheral employment in management positions.2009
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(2009)
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15
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81255188568
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Committee on Corporate Governance, Final Report (the Hampel Report)
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Committee on Corporate Governance, Final Report (the Hampel Report) (1998).
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D. Higgs, Review of the Role and Effectiveness of Non-Executive Directors (the Higgs Review) (2003).
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L. Tyson, The Tyson Report on the Recruitment and Development of Non-Executive Directors (2003).
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Lord Davies, Women on Boards (the Davies Report) (2011).
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S. Wheeler, Corporations and the Third Way (2001).
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81255150120
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This is clear from the terms of reference for the Hampel Committee displayed in the annexe to the Report
-
This is clear from the terms of reference for the Hampel Committee displayed in the annexe to the Report.
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Shareholder value has morphed almost seamlessly into the idea of financialization - the creation of profit through financial channels rather than traditional product-based channels, see G. Krippner, 'The Financialization of the American Economy' (2005) 31 Socio-Economic Rev. 173 and P. Ireland, 'Financialization and Corporate Goverance' (2009) 601 Northern Ireland Law Q 1. For the narrative of financialization in the context of Enron, see J. Froud et al., 'The temptation of Houston: a case study of financialization' 151 Critical Perspectives on Accounting
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Shareholder value has morphed almost seamlessly into the idea of financialization - the creation of profit through financial channels rather than traditional product-based channels, see G. Krippner, 'The Financialization of the American Economy' (2005) 31 Socio-Economic Rev. 173 and P. Ireland, 'Financialization and Corporate Goverance' (2009) 601 Northern Ireland Law Q 1. For the narrative of financialization in the context of Enron, see J. Froud et al., 'The temptation of Houston: a case study of financialization' 151 Critical Perspectives on Accounting 885.2004
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There are cyclical crises in corporate governance as the model for wealth accumulation struggles to accommodate the concerns of agency theory in times of corporate growth and the concerns surrounding stewardship in times of economic recession. This is inherent in the nature of markets: see T. Clarke, 'Cycles of Crisis and Regulation: the enduring agency and stewardship problems of corporate governance' 121 Corporate Governance
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There are cyclical crises in corporate governance as the model for wealth accumulation struggles to accommodate the concerns of agency theory in times of corporate growth and the concerns surrounding stewardship in times of economic recession. This is inherent in the nature of markets: see T. Clarke, 'Cycles of Crisis and Regulation: the enduring agency and stewardship problems of corporate governance' 121 Corporate Governance 153.2004
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R. Smith Audit Committees: Combined Code Guidance (the Smith Report) (2003).
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Ironically in a period of American economic life which was witnessing large-scale growth, it was the Marxist notion of fictitious capital which proved to be its undoing: see K. Ball, 'Death-Driven Futures, or You Can't Spell Deconstruction Without Enron
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Ironically in a period of American economic life which was witnessing large-scale growth, it was the Marxist notion of fictitious capital which proved to be its undoing: see K. Ball, 'Death-Driven Futures, or You Can't Spell Deconstruction Without Enron' (2007) 651
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Corporate Governance and Impossibilism
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11 J. of Cultural Economy 109
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in Remembering Elites, eds. M. Savage and K. Williams
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Froud, J.1
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81255188563
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See the EU Green Paper of June, Corporate governance in financial institutions and remuneration policies COM(2010)285 final, para. 3.3
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See the EU Green Paper of June, Corporate governance in financial institutions and remuneration policies COM(2010)285 final, para. 3.3.2010
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House of Commons Treasury Committee, Fifth Report, The run on the Rock HC (56-1, at para. 3
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House of Commons Treasury Committee, Fifth Report, The run on the Rock HC (56-1, at para. 31.2007
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36
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81255141940
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Spain has the same comply-or-explain structure to its corporate governance Code but includes diversity as main principle 15:?When women directors are few or nonexistent, the Nomination Committee should take steps to ensure that:?a) The process of filling board vacancies has no implicit bias against women candidates? b) The company makes a conscious effort to include women with the target the candidates for board places
-
Spain has the same comply-or-explain structure to its corporate governance Code but includes diversity as main principle 15:?When women directors are few or nonexistent, the Nomination Committee should take steps to ensure that:?a) The process of filling board vacancies has no implicit bias against women candidates? b) The company makes a conscious effort to include women with the target the candidates for board places.
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37
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81255134254
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See the consultation document that the FRC released post the Davies Report asking for views on whether the Code changes suggested by Davies should be embraced, see FRC, Gender Diversity on Boards
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See the consultation document that the FRC released post the Davies Report asking for views on whether the Code changes suggested by Davies should be embraced, see FRC, Gender Diversity on Boards (2011)
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38
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81255187794
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Much of this debate can be stylized into a discussion of Gilligan's position in her seminal work, C. Gilligan, In a Different Voice: Physiological Theory and Women's Development (1982). Was this a description of women or was it a description of feminine traits? Gilligan spent much of her post-1982 career seeking to answer this question. She was frequently attacked for offering the first when there was an intellectual preference amongst feminist scholars for the second. For the contours of the debate, see C. Greeno and E. Maccoby, 'How Different is the "Different Voice"?' (1986) 111 Signs 310;Z. Luria, 'A Methodological Critique'
-
Much of this debate can be stylized into a discussion of Gilligan's position in her seminal work, C. Gilligan, In a Different Voice: Physiological Theory and Women's Development (1982). Was this a description of women or was it a description of feminine traits? Gilligan spent much of her post-1982 career seeking to answer this question. She was frequently attacked for offering the first when there was an intellectual preference amongst feminist scholars for the second. For the contours of the debate, see C. Greeno and E. Maccoby, 'How Different is the "Different Voice"?' (1986) 111 Signs 310;Z. Luria, 'A Methodological Critique' (1986) 316.
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111 Signs 324
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Gilligan, C.1
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881 Psychological Rev 354. This has only occurred in the United States to date: see J. Barnett and M. Karson, 'Managers, Values and Executive Decisions: An exploration of the role of gender, career stage, organizational level, function, and the importance of ethics, relationships and results in managerial decision-making' 81 J. of Business Ethics 747
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Is it all tough talking at the top?' 21 Gender and Language
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Articles 2 and 3 TEU, Article 8 TFEU and OJC 303, 14.12. 1, Article 23
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Strategy for equality between women and men 2010-2015, COM(2010)
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49
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81255142664
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Those institutional investors and fund managers that hold or offer sustainability-based funds are also interested in the diversity agenda. CalSTERS and CalPERS (the largest American public pension funds) launched the Diverse Directors Data Source in 2006. Pax World Management (with others), representing $73b. between them in American and United Kingdom equities, have been refusing to support directorial appointment slates which do not include women since April
-
Those institutional investors and fund managers that hold or offer sustainability-based funds are also interested in the diversity agenda. CalSTERS and CalPERS (the largest American public pension funds) launched the Diverse Directors Data Source in 2006. Pax World Management (with others), representing $73b. between them in American and United Kingdom equities, have been refusing to support directorial appointment slates which do not include women since April 2010.
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(2010)
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50
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59349099068
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examined corporate reputation (evaluated by selected investment company executives and the directors of the 10 largest PLCs in each industrial sector) and gender diversity at board level. A positive correlation between the two was found only in companies where there was link between product and final consumer: S. Brammer et al., 'Corporate Reputation and Women on the Board' 201 Brit. J. of Management 17
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Brammer et al. examined corporate reputation (evaluated by selected investment company executives and the directors of the 10 largest PLCs in each industrial sector) and gender diversity at board level. A positive correlation between the two was found only in companies where there was link between product and final consumer: S. Brammer et al., 'Corporate Reputation and Women on the Board' 201 Brit. J. of Management 17.2009
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