Toxicology rewrites its history and rethinks its future: Giving equal focus to both harmful and beneficial effects

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

Volumn 30, Issue 12, 2011, Pages 2658-2673

  Calabrese, Edward J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS   (United States)

Author keywords

Biphasic; Dose response; Hormesis; Hormetic; Risk assessment

Indexed keywords

20TH CENTURY; ACCURATE PREDICTION; ADAPTIVE MECHANISM; ASSESSMENT PROCESS; BENEFICIAL EFFECTS; BIPHASIC; DOSE RESPONSE; DOSE-RESPONSE MODELS; HAZARD ASSESSMENT; HEALTH EFFECTS; HIGH DOSE; HORMESIS; HORMETIC; LOW DOSE; THRESHOLD MODEL; VALIDATION STUDY;

FORECASTING; HEALTH RISKS; MEDICINE; RATING; RISK ASSESSMENT;

DRUG DOSAGE;

CARCINOGEN; DRINKING WATER;

ADAPTATION; CARCINOGEN; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP; DRUG; FUTURE PROSPECT; HAZARD ASSESSMENT; HEALTH IMPACT; HOMEOSTASIS; MEDICINE; NUMERICAL MODEL; POLLUTION EFFECT; RISK ASSESSMENT; THRESHOLD; TOXICOLOGY; TWENTIETH CENTURY;

BILLING AND CLAIMS; COMPARATIVE TOXICOLOGY; FOOD SAFETY; FUNDING; FUTUROLOGY; GOVERNMENT REGULATION; HAZARD ASSESSMENT; HEALTH; HISTORY OF MEDICINE; HOMEOPATHY; HORMESIS; HUMAN; MASS MEDIUM; ORGANIZATION; PREDICTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROCESS MODEL; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; STANDARD; VALIDATION STUDY;

CARCINOGENS; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG; ECOTOXICOLOGY; ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; FORECASTING; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; HOMEOPATHY; HORMESIS; HUMANS; RESEARCH; RISK; RISK ASSESSMENT;

EID: 81155144590     PISSN: 07307268     EISSN: 15528618     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/etc.687     Document Type: Review

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