메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 140, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 1342-1350

American College of Chest Physicians consensus statement on the use of topical anesthesia, analgesia, and sedation during flexible bronchoscopy in adult patients

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALFENTANIL; ATROPINE; BENZOCAINE; BENZODIAZEPINE DERIVATIVE; COCAINE; DEXTROMETHORPHAN; DIAZEPAM; FENTANYL; FLUMAZENIL; FOSPROPOFOL; GLYCOPYRRONIUM BROMIDE; KETAMINE; LIDOCAINE; LORAZEPAM; MIDAZOLAM; MORPHINE; NALOXONE; OPIATE DERIVATIVE; PETHIDINE; PLACEBO; PROPOFOL; TETRACAINE;

EID: 81055156519     PISSN: 00123692     EISSN: 19313543     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1378/chest.10-3361     Document Type: Conference Paper
Times cited : (204)

References (79)
  • 2
    • 0036204179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Practice guidelines for sedation and analgesia by non-anesthesiologists
    • American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Sedation and Analgesia by Non-Anesthesiologists
    • American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Sedation and Analgesia by Non-Anesthesiologists. Practice guidelines for sedation and analgesia by non-anesthesiologists. Anesthesiology. 2002;96(4):1004-1017.
    • (2002) Anesthesiology , vol.96 , Issue.4 , pp. 1004-1017
  • 3
    • 33144488246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based guidelines - The next generation: Considering resource use and evolution to a single grading system
    • DOI 10.1378/chest.129.1.10
    • Baumann MH, Gutterman DD. American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based guidelines - the next generation: considering resource use and evolution to a single grading system. Chest. 2006;129(1):10-12. (Pubitemid 43265237)
    • (2006) Chest , vol.129 , Issue.1 , pp. 10-12
    • Baumann, M.H.1    Gutterman, D.D.2
  • 4
    • 0027244887 scopus 로고
    • Desirability of using buprenorphine and diazepam as an ajunct to atropine in patients undergoing fibreoptic bronchoscopy
    • Aslam M, Beg M. Desirability of using buprenorphine and diazepam as an adjunct to atropine in patients undergoing fibreoptic bronchoscopy. J Pak Med Assoc. 1993;43(6):120-122. (Pubitemid 23257010)
    • (1993) Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association , vol.43 , Issue.6 , pp. 120-122
    • Aslam, M.1    Beg, M.2
  • 5
    • 0025637801 scopus 로고
    • Fiberoptic bronchoscopy without premedication. A retrospective study
    • Colt HG, Morris JF. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy without premedication. A retrospective study. Chest. 1990;98(6):1327-1330.
    • (1990) Chest , vol.98 , Issue.6 , pp. 1327-1330
    • Colt, H.G.1    Morris, J.F.2
  • 7
    • 0032897656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patient satisfaction with conscious sedation for bronchoscopy
    • DOI 10.1378/chest.115.5.1437
    • Putinati S, Ballerin L, Corbetta L, Trevisani L, Potena A. Patient satisfaction with conscious sedation for bronchoscopy. Chest. 1999;115(5):1437-1440. (Pubitemid 29230659)
    • (1999) Chest , vol.115 , Issue.5 , pp. 1437-1440
    • Putinati, S.1    Ballerin, L.2    Corbctta, L.3    Trcvisani, L.4    Potcna, A.5
  • 8
    • 0020520802 scopus 로고
    • Premedication for fibreoptic bronchoscopy
    • Rees PJ, Hay JG, Webb JR. Premedication for fibreoptic bronchoscopy. Thorax. 1983;38(8):624-627. (Pubitemid 13036995)
    • (1983) Thorax , vol.38 , Issue.8 , pp. 624-627
    • Rees, P.J.1    Hay, J.G.2    Webb, J.R.3
  • 12
    • 0026410988 scopus 로고
    • Bronchoscopy in North America: The ACCP survey
    • Prakash UB, Offord KP, Stubbs SE. Bronchoscopy in North America: the ACCP survey. Chest. 1991;100(6):1668-1675.
    • (1991) Chest , vol.100 , Issue.6 , pp. 1668-1675
    • Prakash, U.B.1    Offord, K.P.2    Stubbs, S.E.3
  • 13
    • 0017816360 scopus 로고
    • Topical anesthesia for bronchoscopy
    • Perry LB. Topical anesthesia for bronchoscopy. Chest. 1978; 73(suppl 5):691-693. (Pubitemid 8351265)
    • (1978) Chest , vol.73 , Issue.5 SUPPL. , pp. 691-693
    • Perry, L.B.1
  • 14
    • 0017814532 scopus 로고
    • Techniques of topical anesthesia for bronchoscopy
    • Fry WA. Techniques of topical anesthesia for bronchoscopy. Chest. 1978;73(suppl 5):694-696. (Pubitemid 8351266)
    • (1978) Chest , vol.73 , Issue.5 SUPPL. , pp. 694-696
    • Fry, W.A.1
  • 15
    • 0015884813 scopus 로고
    • Cocaine and catecholamine interaction. A review
    • Smith RB. Cocaine and catecholamine interaction. A review. Arch Otolaryngol. 1973;98(2):139-141.
    • (1973) Arch Otolaryngol , vol.98 , Issue.2 , pp. 139-141
    • Smith, R.B.1
  • 16
    • 0034873074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of cocaine on the coronary arteries
    • DOI 10.1067/mhj.2001.117607
    • Benzaquen BS, Cohen V, Eisenberg MJ. Effects of cocaine on the coronary arteries. Am Heart J. 2001;142(3):402-410. (Pubitemid 32801623)
    • (2001) American Heart Journal , vol.142 , Issue.3 , pp. 402-410
    • Benzaquen, B.S.1    Cohen, V.2    Eisenberg, M.J.3
  • 17
    • 0042622418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intratracheal cocaine induced myocardial infarction: An unusual complication of fibreoptic bronchoscopy
    • DOI 10.1136/thorax.58.8.733
    • Osula S, Stockton P, Abdelaziz MM, Walshaw MJ. Intratracheal cocaine induced myocardial infarction: an unusual complication of fibreoptic bronchoscopy. Thorax. 2003;58(8):733-734. (Pubitemid 36976288)
    • (2003) Thorax , vol.58 , Issue.8 , pp. 733-734
    • Osula, S.1    Stockton, P.2    Abdelaziz, M.M.3    Walshaw, M.J.4
  • 18
    • 3042602342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reported adverse event cases of methemoglobinemia associated with benzocaine products
    • DOI 10.1001/archinte.164.11.1192
    • Moore TJ, Walsh CS, Cohen MR. Reported adverse event cases of methemoglobinemia associated with benzocaine products. Arch Intern Med. 2004;164(11):1192-1196. (Pubitemid 39030355)
    • (2004) Archives of Internal Medicine , vol.164 , Issue.11 , pp. 1192-1196
    • Moore, T.J.1    Walsh, C.S.2    Cohen, M.R.3
  • 20
    • 0024556722 scopus 로고
    • Severe methaemoglobinaemia after flexible fibreoptic bronchoscopy
    • Kotler RL, Hansen-Flaschen J, Casey MP. Severe methaemoglobinaemia after flexible fibreoptic bronchoscopy. Thorax. 1989;44(3):234-235. (Pubitemid 19087161)
    • (1989) Thorax , vol.44 , Issue.3 , pp. 234-235
    • Kotler, R.L.1    Hansen-Flaschen, J.2    Casey, M.P.3
  • 21
    • 0029083304 scopus 로고
    • Cocaine, lidocaine, tetracaine: Which is best for topical nasal anesthesia?
    • Noorily AD, Noorily SH, Otto RA. Cocaine, lidocaine, tetracaine: which is best for topical nasal anesthesia? Anesth Analg. 1995;81(4):724-727.
    • (1995) Anesth Analg , vol.81 , Issue.4 , pp. 724-727
    • Noorily, A.D.1    Noorily, S.H.2    Otto, R.A.3
  • 22
    • 69049117352 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topical lidocaine through the bronchoscope reduces cough rate during bronchoscopy
    • Antoniades N, Worsnop C. Topical lidocaine through the bronchoscope reduces cough rate during bronchoscopy. Respirology. 2009;14(6):873-876.
    • (2009) Respirology , vol.14 , Issue.6 , pp. 873-876
    • Antoniades, N.1    Worsnop, C.2
  • 23
    • 0033997506 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum concentrations of lignocaine before, during and after fiberoptic bronchoscopy
    • Loukides S, Katsoulis K, Tsarpalis K, Panagou P, Kalogeropoulos N. Serum concentrations of lignocaine before, during and after fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Respiration. 2000; 67(1):13-17. (Pubitemid 30114159)
    • (2000) Respiration , vol.67 , Issue.1 , pp. 13-17
    • Loukides, S.1    Katsoulis, K.2    Tsarpalis, K.3    Panagou, P.4    Kalogeropoulos, N.5
  • 24
    • 0031889274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serum concentrations of lignocaine and its metabolite monoethylglycinexylidide during fibre-optic bronchoscopy in local anaesthesia
    • DOI 10.1016/S0954-6111(98)90030-0
    • Milman N, Laub M, Munch EP, Angelo HR. Serum concentrations of lignocaine and its metabolite monoethylglycinexylidide during fibre-optic bronchoscopy in local anaesthesia. Respir Med. 1998;92(1):40-43. (Pubitemid 28112040)
    • (1998) Respiratory Medicine , vol.92 , Issue.1 , pp. 40-43
    • Milman, N.1    Laub, M.2    Munch, E.P.3    Angelo, H.R.4
  • 26
    • 0027278467 scopus 로고
    • Topical nasal anaesthesia for fibreoptic bronchoscopy: Lignocaine spray or gel?
    • Zainudin BM, Rafia MH, Sufarlan AW. Topical nasal anaesthesia for fibreoptic bronchoscopy: lignocaine spray or gel? Singapore Med J. 1993;34(2):148-149. (Pubitemid 23185356)
    • (1993) Singapore Medical Journal , vol.34 , Issue.2 , pp. 148-149
    • Zainudin, B.M.Z.1    Rafia, M.H.2    Sufarlan, A.W.3
  • 27
    • 0024319770 scopus 로고
    • Topical nasal anaesthesia for fibreoptic bronchoscopy: Patients' preference for lignocaine gel
    • Webb AR, Woodhead MA, Dalton HR, Grigg JA, Millard FJ. Topical nasal anaesthesia for fibreoptic bronchoscopy: patients' preference for lignocaine gel. Thorax. 1989;44(8):674-675. (Pubitemid 19197240)
    • (1989) Thorax , vol.44 , Issue.8 , pp. 674-675
    • Webb, A.R.1    Woodhead, M.A.2    Dalton, H.R.3    Grigg, J.A.4    Millard, F.J.C.5
  • 28
    • 0026803251 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of nebulized and sprayed topical anaesthesia for fibreoptic bronchoscopy
    • Keane D, McNicholas WT. Comparison of nebulized and sprayed topical anaesthesia for fibreoptic bronchoscopy. Eur Respir J. 1992;5(9):1123-1125.
    • (1992) Eur Respir J , vol.5 , Issue.9 , pp. 1123-1125
    • Keane, D.1    McNicholas, W.T.2
  • 29
    • 0026651444 scopus 로고
    • Aerosolized lidocaine reduces dose of topical anesthetic for bronchoscopy
    • Foster WM, Hurewitz AN. Aerosolized lidocaine reduces dose of topical anesthetic for bronchoscopy. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1992;146(2):520-522.
    • (1992) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.146 , Issue.2 , pp. 520-522
    • Foster, W.M.1    Hurewitz, A.N.2
  • 30
    • 33646185044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the efficacy of nebulised lignocaine as adjunctive local anaesthesia for fibreoptic bronchoscopy: A randomised, placebo-controlled study
    • Charalampidou S, Harris E, Chummun K, Hawksworth R, Cullen JP, Lane SJ. Evaluation of the efficacy of nebulised lignocaine as adjunctive local anaesthesia for fibreoptic bronchoscopy: a randomised, placebo-controlled study. Ir Med J. 2006;99(1):8-10.
    • (2006) Ir Med J , vol.99 , Issue.1 , pp. 8-10
    • Charalampidou, S.1    Harris, E.2    Chummun, K.3    Hawksworth, R.4    Cullen, J.P.5    Lane, S.J.6
  • 31
    • 24944508054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nebulized lidocaine for flexible bronchoscopy: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
    • DOI 10.1378/chest.128.3.1756
    • Stolz D, Chhajed PN, Leuppi J, Pflimlin E, Tamm M. Nebulized lidocaine for flexible bronchoscopy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Chest. 2005;128(3):1756-1760. (Pubitemid 41324473)
    • (2005) Chest , vol.128 , Issue.3 , pp. 1756-1760
    • Stolz, D.1    Chhajed, P.N.2    Leuppi, J.3    Pflimlin, E.4    Tamm, M.5
  • 32
    • 0025348783 scopus 로고
    • Local anaesthesia for fibreoptic bronchoscopy: Transcricoid injection or the 'spray as you go' technique?
    • Webb AR, Fernando SS, Dalton HR, Arrowsmith JE, Woodhead MA, Cummin AR. Local anaesthesia for fibreoptic bronchoscopy: transcricoid injection or the "spray as you go "technique? Thorax. 1990;45(6):474-477. (Pubitemid 20225176)
    • (1990) Thorax , vol.45 , Issue.6 , pp. 474-477
    • Webb, A.R.1    Fernando, S.S.D.2    Dalton, H.R.3    Arrowsmith, J.E.4    Woodhead, M.A.5    Cummin, A.R.C.6
  • 33
    • 0025057303 scopus 로고
    • A jet nebuliser for delivery of topical anaesthesia to the respiratory tract. A comparison with cricothyroid puncture and direct spraying for fibreoptic bronchoscopy
    • Isaac PA, Barry JE, Vaughan RS, Rosen M, Newcombe RG. A jet nebuliser for delivery of topical anesthesia to the respiratory tract. A comparison with cricothyroid puncture and direct spraying for fibreoptic bronchoscopy. Anaesthesia. 1990;45(1):46-48. (Pubitemid 20055563)
    • (1990) Anaesthesia , vol.45 , Issue.1 , pp. 46-48
    • Isaac, P.A.1    Barry, J.E.2    Vaughan, R.S.3    Rosen, N.M.R.G.4
  • 34
    • 0026759621 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of three different methods used to achieve local anesthesia for fiberoptic bronchoscopy
    • Graham DR, Hay JG, Clague J, Nisar M, Earis JE. Comparison of three different methods used to achieve local anesthesia for fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Chest. 1992;102(3):704-707.
    • (1992) Chest , vol.102 , Issue.3 , pp. 704-707
    • Graham, D.R.1    Hay, J.G.2    Clague, J.3    Nisar, M.4    Earis, J.E.5
  • 35
    • 0025030318 scopus 로고
    • Local anaesthesia for fibreoptic bronchoscopy: Comparison between intratracheal cocaine and lignocaine
    • Teale C, Gomes PJ, Muers MF, Pearson SB. Local anaesthesia for fibreoptic bronchoscopy: comparison between intratracheal cocaine and lignocaine. Respir Med. 1990;84(5):407-408. (Pubitemid 20287416)
    • (1990) Respiratory Medicine , vol.84 , Issue.5 , pp. 407-408
    • Teale, C.1    Gomes, P.J.2    Muers, M.F.3    Pearson, S.B.4
  • 37
    • 39049111189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Midazolam and other benzodiazepines
    • Olkkola KT, Ahonen J. Midazolam and other benzodiazepines. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2008;182):335-360.
    • (2008) Handb Exp Pharmacol , vol.182 , pp. 335-360
    • Olkkola, K.T.1    Ahonen, J.2
  • 38
    • 0026276160 scopus 로고
    • Comparative study of midazolam and diazepam in premedication of bronchoscopy
    • Kolek V, Jezdinský J. Comparative study of midazolam and diazepam in premedication of bronchoscopy. Acta Univ Palacki Olomuc Fac Med. 1991;131:233-241.
    • (1991) Acta Univ Palacki Olomuc Fac Med , vol.131 , pp. 233-241
    • Kolek, V.1    Jezdinský, J.2
  • 39
    • 0029919578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of lorazepam as premedication for bronchoscopy
    • Maltais F, Laberge F, Laviolette M. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of lorazepam as premedication for bronchoscopy. Chest. 1996;109(5):1195-1198. (Pubitemid 26145655)
    • (1996) Chest , vol.109 , Issue.5 , pp. 1195-1198
    • Maltais, F.1    Laberge, F.2    Laviolette, M.3
  • 40
    • 0020702040 scopus 로고
    • A double-blind controlled study comparing temazepam with papaveretum as premedication for fibreoptic bronchoscopy
    • DOI 10.1016/S0007-0971(83)80058-8
    • Dorward AJ, Berkin KE, Elliott JA, Stack BH. A double-blind controlled study comparing temazepam with papaveretum as premedication for fibreoptic bronchoscopy. Br J Dis Chest. 1983;77(1):60-65. (Pubitemid 13183044)
    • (1983) British Journal of Diseases of the Chest , vol.77 , Issue.1 , pp. 60-65
    • Dorward, A.J.1    Berkin, K.E.2    Elliott, J.A.3    Stack, B.H.R.4
  • 41
    • 4844220204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pre-medication for bronchoscopy: A randomised double blind trial comparing alfentanil with midazolam
    • DOI 10.1016/j.rmed.2004.03.023, PII S0954611104001519
    • Houghton CM, Raghuram A, Sullivan PJ, O'Driscoll R. Pre-medication for bronchoscopy: a randomised double blind trial comparing alfentanil with midazolam. Respir Med. 2004; 98(11):1102-1107. (Pubitemid 39317940)
    • (2004) Respiratory Medicine , vol.98 , Issue.11 , pp. 1102-1107
    • Houghton, C.M.1    Raghuram, A.2    Sullivan, P.J.3    O'Driscoll, R.4
  • 42
    • 4544223587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cough suppression during flexible bronchoscopy using combined sedation with midazolam and hvdrocodone: A randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial
    • DOI 10.1136/thx.2003.019836
    • Stolz D, Chhajed PN, Leuppi JD, Brutsche M, Pflimlin E, Tamm M. Cough suppression during flexible bronchoscopy using combined sedation with midazolam and hydrocodone: a randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial. Thorax. 2004;59(9):773-776. (Pubitemid 39215374)
    • (2004) Thorax , vol.59 , Issue.9 , pp. 773-776
    • Stolz, D.1    Chhajed, P.N.2    Leuppi, J.D.3    Brutsche, M.4    Pflimlin, E.5    Tamm, M.6
  • 44
    • 34249742654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dextromethorphan premedication reduces midazolam requirement: Objective and subjective parameters in peribronchoscopy
    • DOI 10.1159/000099334
    • Schwarz Y, Greif J, Lurie O, Tarrasch R, Weinbroum AA. Dextromethorphan premedication reduces midazolam requirement: objective and subjective parameters in peribronchoscopy. Respiration. 2007;74(3):314-319. (Pubitemid 46828142)
    • (2007) Respiration , vol.74 , Issue.3 , pp. 314-319
    • Schwarz, Y.1    Greif, J.2    Lurie, O.3    Tarrasch, R.4    Weinbroum, A.A.5
  • 45
    • 44749092241 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Benzodiazepine and opioid sedation attenuate the sympathetic response to fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Prophylactic labetalol gave no additional benefit. Results of a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study
    • Fox BD, Krylov Y, Leon P, et al. Benzodiazepine and opioid sedation attenuate the sympathetic response to fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Prophylactic labetalol gave no additional benefi t. Results of a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. Respir Med. 2008;102(7):978-983.
    • (2008) Respir Med , vol.102 , Issue.7 , pp. 978-983
    • Fox, B.D.1    Krylov, Y.2    Leon, P.3
  • 48
    • 0023880120 scopus 로고
    • Nalbuphine combined with midazolam for outpatient sedation. An assessment in fibreoptic bronchoscopy patients
    • Sury MR, Cole PV. Nalbuphine combined with midazolam for outpatient sedation. An assessment in fibreoptic bronchoscopy patients. Anaesthesia. 1988;43(4):285-288.
    • (1988) Anaesthesia , vol.43 , Issue.4 , pp. 285-288
    • Sury, M.R.1    Cole, P.V.2
  • 49
    • 0028244724 scopus 로고
    • Safety and patient acceptability of intravenous midazolam for fibre optic bronchoscopy
    • DOI 10.1016/0954-6111(94)90061-2
    • Williams TJ, Nicoulet I, Coleman E, McAlaney C. Safety and patient acceptability of intravenous midazolam for fibre optic bronchoscopy. Respir Med. 1994;88(4):305-307. (Pubitemid 24157706)
    • (1994) Respiratory Medicine , vol.88 , Issue.4 , pp. 305-307
    • Williams, T.J.1    Nicoulet, I.2    Coleman, E.3    McAlaney, C.4
  • 50
    • 0032941609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Midazolam sedation to produce complete amnesia for bronchoscopy: 2 years' experience at a district general hospital
    • DOI 10.1016/S0954-6111(99)90320-7
    • Williams TJ, Bowie PE. Midazolam sedation to produce complete amnesia for bronchoscopy: 2 years' experience at a district general hospital. Respir Med. 1999;93(5):361-365. (Pubitemid 29209884)
    • (1999) Respiratory Medicine , vol.93 , Issue.5 , pp. 361-365
    • Williams, T.J.1    Bowie, P.E.2
  • 51
    • 0018133529 scopus 로고
    • Effect of age on amnesia and sedation induced by flunitrazepam during local anaesthesia for bronchoscopy
    • Korttila K, Saarnivaara L, Tarkkanen J, Himberg JJ, Hytönen M. Effect of age on amnesia and sedation induced by flunitrazepam during local anaesthesia for bronchoscopy. Br J Anaesth. 1978;50(12):1211-1218. (Pubitemid 9077697)
    • (1978) British Journal of Anaesthesia , vol.50 , Issue.12 , pp. 1211-1218
    • Korttila, K.1    Saarnivaara, L.2    Tarkkanen, J.3
  • 53
    • 69249208504 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • William Osler, urolithiasis and God's own medicine
    • Golden RL. William Osler, urolithiasis and God's own medicine. Urology. 2009;74(3):517-521.
    • (2009) Urology , vol.74 , Issue.3 , pp. 517-521
    • Golden, R.L.1
  • 55
    • 0033032463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of codeine phosphate premedication in fibre-optic bronchoscopy under in sufficient local anaesthesia and midazolam sedation
    • DOI 10.1053/rmed.1999.0585
    • Tsunezuka Y, Sato H, Tsukioka T, Nakamura Y, Watanabe Y. The role of codeine phosphate premedication in fibre-optic bronchoscopy under insufficient local anaesthesia and midazolam sedation. Respir Med. 1999;93(6):413-415. (Pubitemid 29265352)
    • (1999) Respiratory Medicine , vol.93 , Issue.6 , pp. 413-415
    • Tsunezuka, Y.1    Sato, H.2    Tsukioka, T.3    Nakamura, Y.4    Watanabe, Y.5
  • 57
    • 0026602783 scopus 로고
    • Sedation for bronchofiberoscopy: Comparison between propofol infusion and intravenous boluses of fentanyl and diazepam
    • Randell T. Sedation for bronchofiberoscopy: comparison between propofol infusion and intravenous boluses of fentanyl and diazepam. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1992;36(3):221-225.
    • (1992) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.36 , Issue.3 , pp. 221-225
    • Randell, T.1
  • 58
    • 71049142746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Propofol versus combined sedation in flexible bronchoscopy: A randomised non-inferiority trial
    • Stolz D, Kurer G, Meyer A, et al. Propofol versus combined sedation in flexible bronchoscopy: a randomised non-inferiority trial. Eur Respir J. 2009;34(5):1024-1030.
    • (2009) Eur Respir J , vol.34 , Issue.5 , pp. 1024-1030
    • Stolz, D.1    Kurer, G.2    Meyer, A.3
  • 59
    • 0027490175 scopus 로고
    • A comparative evaluation of propofol and midazolam as sedative agents in fiberoptic bronchoscopy
    • Clarkson K, Power CK, O'Connell F, Pathmakanthan S, Burke CM. A comparative evaluation of propofol and midazolam as sedative agents in fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Chest. 1993;104(4):1029-1031. (Pubitemid 23306046)
    • (1993) Chest , vol.104 , Issue.4 , pp. 1029-1031
    • Clarkson, K.1    Power, C.K.2    O'Connell, F.3    Pathmakanthan, S.4    Burke, C.M.5
  • 61
    • 73249128438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Titrated sedation with propofol or midazolam for flexible bronchoscopy: A randomised trial
    • Clark G, Licker M, Younossian AB, et al. Titrated sedation with propofol or midazolam for flexible bronchoscopy: a randomised trial. Eur Respir J. 2009;34(6):1277-1283.
    • (2009) Eur Respir J , vol.34 , Issue.6 , pp. 1277-1283
    • Clark, G.1    Licker, M.2    Younossian, A.B.3
  • 62
    • 25444472368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of alfetanil and ketamine in combination with propofol for patient-controlled sedation during fiberoptic bronchoscopy
    • DOI 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2005.00842.x
    • Hwang J, Jeon Y, Park HP, Lim YJ, Oh YS. Comparison of alfetanil and ketamine in combination with propofol for patient-controlled sedation during fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2005;49(9):1334-1338. (Pubitemid 41375060)
    • (2005) Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica , vol.49 , Issue.9 , pp. 1334-1338
    • Hwang, J.1    Jeon, Y.2    Park, H.-P.3    Lim, Y.-J.4    Oh, Y.-S.5
  • 63
    • 77949264815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nurse-administered propofol sedation: Feasibility and safety in bronchoscopy
    • Bosslet GT, Devito ML, Lahm T, Sheski FD, Mathur PN. Nurse-administered propofol sedation: feasibility and safety in bronchoscopy. Respiration. 2010;79(4):315-321.
    • (2010) Respiration , vol.79 , Issue.4 , pp. 315-321
    • Bosslet, G.T.1    Devito, M.L.2    Lahm, T.3    Sheski, F.D.4    Mathur, P.N.5
  • 64
    • 0019434641 scopus 로고
    • Modification of the effect of fiberoptic bronchoscopy on pulmonary mechanics
    • Belen J, Neuhaus A, Markowitz D, Rotman HH. Modification of the effect of fiberoptic bronchoscopy on pulmonary mechanics. Chest. 1981;79(5):516-519. (Pubitemid 11101806)
    • (1981) Chest , vol.79 , Issue.5 , pp. 516-519
    • Belen, J.1    Neuhaus, A.2    Markowitz, D.3    Rotman, H.H.4
  • 65
    • 0033851425 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of atropine premedication in flexible bronchoscopy
    • Hewer RD, Jones PM, Thomas PS, McKenzie DK. A prospective study of atropine premedication in flexible bronchoscopy. Aust N Z J Med. 2000;30(4):466-469.
    • (2000) Aust N Z J Med , vol.30 , Issue.4 , pp. 466-469
    • Hewer, R.D.1    Jones, P.M.2    Thomas, P.S.3    McKenzie, D.K.4
  • 66
    • 0028016106 scopus 로고
    • Ipratropium bromide protects against bronchoconstriction during bronchoscopy
    • DOI 10.1007/BF00164311
    • Inoue H, Aizawa H, Takata S, et al. Ipratropium bromide protects against bronchoconstriction during bronchoscopy. Lung. 1994;172(5):293-298. (Pubitemid 24232809)
    • (1994) Lung , vol.172 , Issue.5 , pp. 293-298
    • Inou, H.1    Aizawa, H.2    Takata, S.3    Koto, H.4    Matsumoto, K.5    Shigyo, M.6    Hara, N.7
  • 67
    • 0018147405 scopus 로고
    • The effects of fiberoptic bronchoscopy with and without atropine premedication on pulmonary function in humans
    • Neuhaus A, Markowitz D, Rotman HH, Weg JG. The effects of fiberoptic bronchoscopy with and without atropine premedication on pulmonary function in humans. Ann Thorac Surg. 1978;25(5):393-398. (Pubitemid 8329105)
    • (1978) Annals of Thoracic Surgery , vol.25 , Issue.5 , pp. 393-398
    • Neuhaus, A.1    Markowitz, D.2    Rotman, H.H.3    Weg, J.G.4
  • 68
    • 0022998554 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the effects of atropine and glycopyrrolate on pulmonary mechanics in patients undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy
    • Thorburn JR, James MF, Feldman C, Moyes DG, Du Toit PS. Comparison of the effects of atropine and glycopyrrolate on pulmonary mechanics in patients undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Anesth Analg. 1986;65(12):1285-1289. (Pubitemid 17184392)
    • (1986) Anesthesia and Analgesia , vol.65 , Issue.12 , pp. 1285-1289
    • Thornburn, J.R.1    James, M.F.M.2    Feldman, C.3
  • 69
    • 0031954756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of atropine premedication in fiberoptic bronchoscopy using intravenous midazolam sedation
    • Williams T, Brooks T, Ward C. The role of atropine premedication in fiberoptic bronchoscopy using intravenous midazolam sedation. Chest. 1998;113(5):1394-1398. (Pubitemid 28223834)
    • (1998) Chest , vol.113 , Issue.5 , pp. 1394-1398
    • Williams, T.1    Brooks, T.2    Ward, C.3
  • 70
    • 0019395033 scopus 로고
    • The response to atropine sulfate given by aerosol and intramuscular routes to patients undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy
    • Zavala DC, Godsey K, Bedell GN. The response to atropine sulfate given by aerosol and intramuscular routes to patients undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Chest. 1981;79(5):512-515. (Pubitemid 11101805)
    • (1981) Chest , vol.79 , Issue.5 , pp. 512-515
    • Zavala, D.C.1    Godsey, K.2    Bedell, G.N.3
  • 72
    • 0033914951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of anticholinergics in bronchoscopy: A randomized clinical trial
    • Cowl CT, Prakash UB, Kruger BR. The role of anticholinergics in bronchoscopy. A randomized clinical trial. Chest. 2000;118(1):188-192. (Pubitemid 30485508)
    • (2000) Chest , vol.118 , Issue.1 , pp. 188-192
    • Cowl, C.T.1    Prakash, U.B.S.2    Kruger, B.R.3
  • 73
  • 74
    • 68849105575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anticholinergic premedication for flexible bronchoscopy: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of atropine and glycopyrrolate
    • Malik JA, Gupta D, Agarwal AN, Jindal SK. Anticholinergic premedication for flexible bronchoscopy: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of atropine and glycopyrrolate. Chest. 2009;136(2):347-354.
    • (2009) Chest , vol.136 , Issue.2 , pp. 347-354
    • Malik, J.A.1    Gupta, D.2    Agarwal, A.N.3    Jindal, S.K.4
  • 76
    • 0037337812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distraction therapy with nature sights and sounds reduces pain during flexible bronchoscopy: A complementary approach to routine analgesia
    • DOI 10.1378/chest.123.3.941
    • Diette GB, Lechtzin N, Haponik E, Devrotes A, Rubin HR. Distraction therapy with nature sights and sounds reduces pain during flexible bronchoscopy: a complementary approach to routine analgesia. Chest. 2003;123(3):941-948. (Pubitemid 36315513)
    • (2003) Chest , vol.123 , Issue.3 , pp. 941-948
    • Diette, G.B.1    Lechtzin, N.2    Haponik, E.3    Devrotes, A.4    Rubin, H.R.5
  • 77
    • 0032822173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of music on state anxiety scores in patients undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy
    • DOI 10.1378/chest.116.3.819
    • Colt HG, Powers A, Shanks TG. Effect of music on state anxiety scores in patients undergoing fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Chest. 1999;116(3):819-824. (Pubitemid 29428505)
    • (1999) Chest , vol.116 , Issue.3 , pp. 819-824
    • Colt, H.G.1    Powers, A.2    Shanks, T.G.3
  • 78
    • 0041343200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and clinical pharmacodynamics of the new propofol prodrug GPI 15715 in volunteers
    • DOI 10.1097/00000542-200308000-00012
    • Fechner J, Ihmsen H, Hatterscheid D, et al. Pharmacokinetics and clinical pharmacodynamics of the new propofol prodrug GPI 15715 in volunteers [retracted in: Anesthesiology. 2010; 112(4):1056-1057]. Anesthesiology. 2003;99(2):303-313. (Pubitemid 36909556)
    • (2003) Anesthesiology , vol.99 , Issue.2 , pp. 303-313
    • Fechner, J.1    Ihmsen, H.2    Hatterscheid, D.3    Schiessl, C.4    Vornov, J.J.5    Burak, E.6    Schwilden, H.7    Schuttler, J.8
  • 79
    • 58249124362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A phase 3, randomized, doubleblind study to assess the efficacy and safety of fospropofol disodium injection for moderate sedation in patients undergoing flexible bronchoscopy
    • Silvestri GA, Vincent BD, Wahidi MM, Robinette E, Hansbrough JR, Downie GH. A phase 3, randomized, doubleblind study to assess the efficacy and safety of fospropofol disodium injection for moderate sedation in patients undergoing flexible bronchoscopy. Chest. 2009;135(1):41-47.
    • (2009) Chest , vol.135 , Issue.1 , pp. 41-47
    • Silvestri, G.A.1    Vincent, B.D.2    Wahidi, M.M.3    Robinette, E.4    Hansbrough, J.R.5    Downie, G.H.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.