Medical management of frontotemporal dementias: The importance of the caregiver in symptom assessment and guidance of treatment strategies

Journal of Molecular Neuroscience

Volumn 45, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 713-723

  Jicha, Gregory A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY   (United States)

Author keywords

Caregiver; Frontotemporal dementia (FTD); Treatment

Indexed keywords

ALPHA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; ALPRAZOLAM; AMANTADINE; AMITRIPTYLINE; ANTIHISTAMINIC AGENT; BACLOFEN; BENZODIAZEPINE DERIVATIVE; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; BROMOCRIPTINE; CARBIDOPA; DIAZEPAM; DONEPEZIL; FLUOXETINE; GALANTAMINE; LEVODOPA; LITHIUM; LORAZEPAM; MEMANTINE; METHYLPHENIDATE; MOCLOBEMIDE; PAROXETINE; PHENYTOIN; RIVASTIGMINE; SELEGILINE; SERTRALINE; TAU PROTEIN; TOPIRAMATE; TRAZODONE; UNINDEXED DRUG; VALPROIC ACID;

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; CAREGIVER; CAREGIVER BURDEN; CHROMOSOME 9; CLINICAL ASSESSMENT; CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS; CONFERENCE PAPER; DRUG EFFICACY; FRONTAL VARIANT FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA; FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA; HUMAN; MOTOR NEURON DISEASE; MYOPATHY; PAGET BONE DISEASE; PARKINSONISM; PREVALENCE; PRIMARY PROGRESSIVE APHASIA; PROGRESSIVE NONFLUENT APHASIA; PROGRESSIVE SUPRANUCLEAR PALSY; SEMANTIC DEMENTIA; TDP 43 PROTEINOPATHY;

ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS; ANTIPARKINSON AGENTS; ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS; CAREGIVERS; DISEASE MANAGEMENT; DRUG DISCOVERY; FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA; HUMANS; HYPNOTICS AND SEDATIVES;

EID: 80855143657     PISSN: 08958696     EISSN: 15591166     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s12031-011-9558-7     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (89)

1. G Adler M Teufel LM Drach 2003 Pharmacological treatment of frontotemporal dementia: treatment response to the MAO-A inhibitor moclobemide Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 18 653 655 12833310 10.1002/gps.894
2. H Allain D Bentue-Ferrer O Tribut M Merienne S Belliard 2003 Drug therapy of frontotemporal dementia Hum Psychopharmacol 18 221 225 12672175 10.1002/hup.472 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXjsFymtb0%3D
3. Z Arvanitakis 2010 Update on frontotemporal dementia Neurologist 16 16 22 20065792 10.1097/NRL.0b013e3181b1d5c6
4. RS Bedlack 2010 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: current practice and future treatments Curr Opin Neurol 23 524 529 20613515 10.1097/WCO. 0b013e32833c7ac2 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXhtV2gsbvK
5. H Bei L Ross J Neuhaus D Knopman J Kramer B Boeve RJ Caselli N Graff-Radford MF Mendez BL Miller AL Boxer 2010 Off-label medication use in frontotemporal dementia Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 25 128 133 10.1177/1533317509356692
6. MC Bellingham 2011 A review of the neural mechanisms of action and clinical efficiency of riluzole in treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: what have we learned in the last decade? CNS Neurosci Ther 17 1 4 31 20236142 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2009.00116.x 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXisVCnurk%3D
7. DM Bowen AW Procter DM Mann JS Snowden MM Esiri D Neary PT Francis 2008 Imbalance of a serotonergic system in frontotemporal dementia: implication for pharmacotherapy Psychopharmacology (Berl) 196 603 610 10.1007/s00213-007-0992-8 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXhvFyktbo%3D
8. AL Boxer BF Boeve 2007 Frontotemporal dementia treatment: current symptomatic therapies and implications of recent genetic, biochemical, and neuroimaging studies Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 21 S79 S87 18090429 10.1097/WAD.0b013e31815c345e
9. AL Boxer AM Lipton K Womack J Merrilees J Neuhaus D Pavlic A Gandhi D Red K Martin-Cook D Svetlik BL Miller 2009 An open-label study of memantine treatment in 3 subtypes of frontotemporal lobar degeneration Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 23 211 217 19812461 10.1097/WAD.0b013e318197852f 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD1MXhtVygurvO
10. BR Brooks RA Thisted SH Appel WG Bradley RK Olney JE Berg LE Pope RA Smith 2004 Treatment of pseudobulbar affect in ALS with dextromethorphan/ quinidine: a randomized trial Neurology 63 1364 1370 15505150 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXotFGku7k%3D
11. BC Cheah S Vucic AV Krishnan MC Kiernan 2010 Riluzole, neuroprotection and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Curr Med Chem 17 1942-1199 20377511 10.2174/092986710791163939
12. TW Chow 2005 Treatment approaches to symptoms associated with frontotemporal degeneration Curr Psychiatry Rep 7 376 380 16216158 10.1007/s11920-005-0040-5
13. TW Chow MA Binns JL Cummings I Lam SE Black BL Miller M Freedman DT Stuss R van Reekum 2009 Apathy symptom profile and behavioral associations in frontotemporal dementia vs dementia of Alzheimer type Arch Neurol 66 888 893 19597092 10.1001/archneurol.2009.92
14. M Cruz V Marinho LF Fontenelle E Engelhardt J Laks 2008 Topiramate may modulate alcohol abuse but not other compulsive behaviors in frontotemporal dementia: case report Cogn Behav Neurol 21 104 106 18541987 10.1097/WNN. 0b013e31816bdf73
15. RC Curtis DS Resch 2000 Case of pick's central lobar atrophy with apparent stabilization of cognitive decline after treatment with risperidone J Clin Psychopharmacol 20 384 385 10831030 10.1097/00004714-200006000-00018 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3cvitFWrtw%3D%3D
16. K Czarnecki N Kumar KA Josephs 2008 Parkinsonism and tardive antecollis in frontotemporal dementia-increased sensitivity to newer antipsychotics? Eur J Neurol 15 199 201 18217890 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2007.02032.x 1:STN:280: DC%2BD1c%2FmsFWjsQ%3D%3D
17. JB Deakin S Rahman PJ Nestor JR Hodges BJ Sahakian 2004 Paroxetine does not improve symptoms and impairs cognition in frontotemporal dementia: a double-blind randomized controlled trial Psychopharmacology (Berl) 172 400 408 10.1007/s00213-003-1686-5 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2c7msVWmsg%3D%3D
18. J Diehl-Schmid H Forstl R Perneczky C Pohl A Kurz 2008 A 6-month, open-label study of memantine in patients with frontotemporal dementia Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 23 754 759 18213609 10.1002/gps.1973
19. ER Dorsey A Rabbani SA Gallagher RM Conti GC Alexander 2010 Impact of FDA black box advisory on antipsychotic medication use Arch Intern Med 170 96 103 20065205 10.1001/archinternmed.2009.456
20. A Fellgiebel MJ Muller C Hiemke P Bartenstein M Schreckenberger 2007 Clinical improvement in a case of frontotemporal dementia under aripiprazole treatment corresponds to partial recovery of disturbed frontal glucose metabolism World J Biol Psychiatry 8 123 126 17455105 10.1080/15622970601016538
21. I Ferrer 1999 Neurons and their dendrites in frontotemporal dementia Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 10 Suppl 1 55 60 10436342 10.1159/000051214
22. M Franceschi D Anchisi O Pelati M Zuffi M Matarrese RM Moresco F Fazio D Perani 2005 Glucose metabolism and serotonin receptors in the frontotemporal lobe degeneration Ann Neurol 57 216 225 15668960 10.1002/ana.20365 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhs1Cisbo%3D
23. M Freedman 2007 Frontotemporal dementia: recommendations for therapeutic studies, designs, and approaches Can J Neurol Sci 34 Suppl 1 S118 S124 17469694
24. GB Frisoni G Pizzolato A Bianchetti F Chierichetti G Ferlin L Battistin M Trabucchi 1994 Single photon emission computed tomography with [99Tc]-HM-PAO and [123I]-IBZM in Alzheimer's disease and dementia of frontal type: preliminary results Acta Neurol Scand 89 199 203 8030401 10.1111/j.1600-0404.1994.tb01661.x 1:STN:280:DyaK2czgtleqtQ%3D%3D
25. S Froelich-Fabre L Skoglund J Ostojic L Kilander M Lindau A Glaser H Basun L Lannfelt 2004 Clinical and molecular aspects of frontotemporal dementia Neurodegener Dis 1 218 224 16908993 10.1159/000080989
26. V Galariotis N Bodi Z Janka J Kalman 2005 Frontotemporal dementia-part III. Clinical diagnosis and treatment Ideggyógy Sz 58 292 297 16252889
27. V Galariotis N Bodi Z Janka J Kalman 2005 Frontotemporal dementia-part II. Differential diagnosis, genetics, molecular pathomechanism and pathology Ideggyógy Sz 58 220 224 16173270
28. TB Gislason M Sjogren L Larsson I Skoog 2003 The prevalence of frontal variant frontotemporal dementia and the frontal lobe syndrome in a population based sample of 85 year olds J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 74 867 871 12810769 10.1136/jnnp.74.7.867 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3s3otlOjtA%3D%3D
29. HW Goforth L Konopka M Primeau A Ruth K O'Donnell R Patel T Poprawski P Shirazi M Rao 2004 Quantitative electroencephalography in frontotemporal dementia with methylphenidate response: a case study Clin EEG Neurosci 35 108 111 15164821
30. I Gozes 2010 Tau pathology and future therapeutics Curr Alzheimer Res 7 8 685 696 20678069 10.2174/156720510793611628 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3MXis1Onsg%3D%3D
31. NR Graff-Radford BK Woodruff 2007 Frontotemporal dementia Semin Neurol 27 48 57 17226741 10.1055/s-2006-956755
32. LA Hansen R Deteresa H Tobias M Alford RD Terry 1988 Neocortical morphometry and cholinergic neurochemistry in Pick's disease Am J Pathol 131 507 518 3381880 1:STN:280:DyaL1c3ltVenug%3D%3D
33. DV Jeste D Blazer D Casey T Meeks C Salzman L Schneider P Tariot K Yaffe 2008 ACNP White Paper: update on use of antipsychotic drugs in elderly persons with dementia Neuropsychopharmacology 33 957 970 17637610 10.1038/sj.npp.1301492 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXjtFOhtL4%3D
34. I Kanazawa S Kwak H Sasaki O Muramoto T Mizutani A Hori N Nukina 1988 Studies on neurotransmitter markers of the basal ganglia in Pick's disease, with special reference to dopamine reduction J Neurol Sci 83 63 74 2450180 10.1016/0022-510X(88)90020-2 1:STN:280:DyaL1c7lsV2ktA%3D%3D
35. ED Kaye A Petrovic-Poljak NP Verhoeff M Freedman 2010 Frontotemporal dementia and pharmacologic interventions J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 22 19 29 20160206 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.22.1.19 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3cXjt1aiu7w%3D
36. A Kertesz 2003 Pick Complex: an integrative approach to frontotemporal dementia: primary progressive aphasia, corticobasal degeneration, and progressive supranuclear palsy Neurologist 9 311 317 14629785 10.1097/01.nrl.0000094943.84390.cf
37. A Kertesz D Munoz 2004 Relationship between frontotemporal dementia and corticobasal degeneration/progressive supranuclear palsy Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 17 282 286 15178937 10.1159/000077155
38. A Kertesz N Nadkarni W Davidson AW Thomas 2000 The Frontal Behavioral Inventory in the differential diagnosis of frontotemporal dementia J Int Neuropsychol Soc 6 460 468 10902415 10.1017/S1355617700644041 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3czptlWkug%3D%3D
39. A Kertesz D Morlog M Light M Blair W Davidson S Jesso R Brashear 2008 Galantamine in frontotemporal dementia and primary progressive aphasia Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 25 178 185 18196898 10.1159/000113034 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD1cXht1Sgt7w%3D
40. CM Kipps PJ Nestor CE Dawson J Mitchell JR Hodges 2008 Measuring progression in frontotemporal dementia: implications for therapeutic interventions Neurology 70 2046 2052 18505978 10.1212/01.wnl.0000313366.76973.8a 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1czkt1Cltw%3D%3D
41. HS Kirshner 2008 Controversies in behavioral neurology: the use of atypical antipsychotic drugs to treat neurobehavioral symptoms in dementia Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 8 471 474 18957183 10.1007/s11910-008-0075-1 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXhsF2qsr8%3D
42. F Lebert W Stekke C Hasenbroekx F Pasquier 2004 Frontotemporal dementia: a randomised, controlled trial with trazodone Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 17 355 359 15178953 10.1159/000077171 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXks1aqsb0%3D
43. P Lillo JR Hodges 2009 Frontotemporal dementia and motor neurone disease: overlapping clinic-pathological disorders J Clin Neurosci 16 1131 1135 19556136 10.1016/j.jocn.2009.03.005
44. M Lindau V Jelic SE Johansson C Andersen LO Wahlund O Almkvist 2003 Quantitative EEG abnormalities and cognitive dysfunctions in frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 15 106 114 12566600 10.1159/000067973 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3s%2FlsF2lsQ%3D%3D
45. RM Liscic 2009 Frontotemporal dementias: update on recent developments in molecular genetics and neuropathology Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 60 117 122 19329383 10.2478/10004-1254-60-2009-1921
46. PS Mathuranath PJ Nestor GE Berrios W Rakowicz JR Hodges 2000 A brief cognitive test battery to differentiate Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia Neurology 55 1613 1620 11113213 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3M%2FnvFSrsw%3D%3D
47. PS Mathuranath JH Xuereb T Bak JR Hodges 2000 Corticobasal ganglionic degeneration and/or frontotemporal dementia? A report of two overlap cases and review of literature J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 68 304 312 10675211 10.1136/jnnp.68.3.304 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c7jvFCnug%3D%3D
48. MF Mendez 2009 Frontotemporal dementia: therapeutic interventions Front Neurol Neurosci 24 168 178 19182475 10.1159/000197896
49. MF Mendez JS Shapira A McMurtray E Licht 2007 Preliminary findings: behavioral worsening on donepezil in patients with frontotemporal dementia Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 15 84 87 17194818 10.1097/01.JGP.0000231744.69631.33
50. J Merrilees J Klapper J Murphy C Lomen-Hoerth BL Miller 2010 Cognitive and behavioral challenges in caring for patients with frontotemporal dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Amyotroph Lateral Scler 11 298 302 20222805 10.3109/17482961003605788
51. A Miller 2006 Pseudobulbar affect in multiple sclerosis: toward the development of innovative therapeutic strategies J Neurol Sci 245 153 159 16674978 10.1016/j.jns.2005.09.018
52. RG Miller CE Jackson EJ Kasarskis JD England D Forshew W Johnston S Kalra JS Katz H Mitsumoto J Rosenfeld C Shoesmith MJ Strong SC Woolley 2009 Practice parameter update: the care of the patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: drug, nutritional, and respiratory therapies (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology Neurology 73 1218 1226 19822872 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181bc0141 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1Mnos1Sitg%3D%3D
53. E Mioshi CM Kipps K Dawson J Mitchell A Graham JR Hodges 2007 Activities of daily living in frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer disease Neurology 68 2077 2084 17562828 10.1212/01.wnl.0000264897.13722.53 1:STN:280: DC%2BD2szkvFWnsA%3D%3D
54. Y Mitsuyama T Inoue 2009 Clinical entity of frontotemporal dementia with motor neuron disease Neuropathology 29 649 654 19780984 10.1111/j.1440-1789. 2009.01059.x
55. R Moretti P Torre RM Antonello G Cazzato A Bava 2002 Effects of selegiline on fronto-temporal dementia: a neuropsychological evaluation Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 17 391 392 11994896 10.1002/gps.602
56. R Moretti P Torre RM Antonello G Cazzato A Bava 2003 Frontotemporal dementia: paroxetine as a possible treatment of behavior symptoms. A randomized, controlled, open 14-month study Eur Neurol 49 13 19 12464713 10.1159/000067021 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xpt1Wis7w%3D
57. R Moretti P Torre RM Antonello T Cattaruzza G Cazzato A Bava 2004 Rivastigmine in frontotemporal dementia: an open-label study Drugs Aging 21 931 937 15554751 10.2165/00002512-200421140-00003 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXktlWhtA%3D%3D
58. A Mudher D Shepherd TA Newman P Mildren JP Jukes A Squire A Mears JA Drummond S Berg D MacKay AA Asuni R Bhat S Lovestone 2004 GSK-3beta inhibition reverses axonal transport defects and behavioural phenotypes in Drosophila Mol Psychiatry 9 522 530 14993907 10.1038/sj.mp.4001483 1:CAS:528: DC%2BD2cXjsV2nu78%3D
59. M Neumann M Tolnay IR Mackenzie 2009 The molecular basis of frontotemporal dementia Expert Rev Mol Med 11 e23 19638255 10.1017/ S1462399409001136
60. T Odawara K Shiozaki E Iseki H Hino K Kosaka 2003 Alterations of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in atypical Pick's disease without Pick bodies J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 74 965 967 12810794 10.1136/jnnp.74.7.965 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3s3otlOhtQ%3D%3D
61. A Padovani C Agosti E Premi G Bellelli B Borroni 2007 Extrapyramidal symptoms in frontotemporal dementia: prevalence and clinical correlations Neurosci Lett 422 39 42 17574750 10.1016/j.neulet.2007.05.049 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXnvFylsb0%3D
62. HS Panitch RA Thisted RA Smith DR Wynn JP Wymer A Achiron TL Vollmer RN Mandler DW Dietrich M Fletcher LE Pope JE Berg A Miller 2006 Randomized, controlled trial of dextromethorphan/quinidine for pseudobulbar affect in multiple sclerosis Ann Neurol 59 780 787 16634036 10.1002/ana.20828 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XkvFKhsb4%3D
63. RJ Perry JR Hodges 2000 Differentiating frontal and temporal variant frontotemporal dementia from Alzheimer's disease Neurology 54 2277 2284 10881252 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3czkt12nuw%3D%3D
64. AW Procter M Qurne PT Francis 1999 Neurochemical features of frontotemporal dementia Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 10 Suppl 1 80 84 10436347 10.1159/000051219 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXlsFGrsr8%3D
65. CI Prodan M Monnot ED Ross 2009 Behavioural abnormalities associated with rapid deterioration of language functions in semantic dementia respond to sertraline J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 80 1416 1417 19917830 10.1136/jnnp.2009.173260 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1MjmsVSntw%3D%3D
66. S Rahman TW Robbins JR Hodges MA Mehta PJ Nestor L Clark BJ Sahakian 2006 Methylphenidate ('Ritalin') can ameliorate abnormal risk-taking behavior in the frontal variant of frontotemporal dementia Neuropsychopharmacology 31 651 658 16160709 10.1038/sj.npp.1300886 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XhsVKqur0%3D
67. E Ratnavalli C Brayne K Dawson JR Hodges 2002 The prevalence of frontotemporal dementia Neurology 58 1615 1621 12058088 1:STN:280: DC%2BD38zhsFWguw%3D%3D
68. PR Recupero SE Rainey 2007 Managing risk when considering the use of atypical antipsychotics for elderly patients with dementia-related psychosis J Psychiatr Pract 13 143 152 17522557 10.1097/01.pra.0000271655.02093.49
69. DA Reed NA Johnson C Thompson S Weintraub MM Mesulam 2004 A clinical trial of bromocriptine for treatment of primary progressive aphasia Ann Neurol 56 750 15505780 10.1002/ana.20301
70. JO Rinne M Laine V Kaasinen MK Norvasuo-Heila K Nagren H Helenius 2002 Striatal dopamine transporter and extrapyramidal symptoms in frontotemporal dementia Neurology 58 1489 1493 12034784 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XkslSmtr8%3D
71. P Rizzu JC Van Swieten M Joosse M Hasegawa M Stevens A Tibben MF Niermeijer M Hillebrand R Ravid BA Oostra M Goedert CM van Duijn P Heutink 1999 High prevalence of mutations in the microtubule-associated protein tau in a population study of frontotemporal dementia in the Netherlands Am J Hum Genet 64 414 421 9973279 10.1086/302256 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXhslOlt7c%3D
72. A Robles R Tourino F Gude M Noya 1999 The tropicamide test in patients with dementia of Alzheimer type and frontotemporal dementia Funct Neurol 14 203 207 10713893 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c7nvVagsA%3D%3D
73. HJ Rosen J Cummings 2007 A real reason for patients with pseudobulbar affect to smile Ann Neurol 61 92 96 17212357 10.1002/ana.21056 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2sXjs1yrtLY%3D
74. SM Rosso L Donker Kaat T Baks M Joosse I de Koning Y Pijnenburg D de Jong D Dooijes W Kamphorst R Ravid MF Niermeijer F Verheij HP Kremer P Scheltens CM van Duijn P Heutink JC van Swieten 2003 Frontotemporal dementia in The Netherlands: patient characteristics and prevalence estimates from a population-based study Brain 126 2016 2022 12876142 10.1093/brain/awg204
75. E Salmon D Perani F Collette D Feyers E Kalbe V Holthoff S Sorbi K Herholz 2008 A comparison of unawareness in frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 79 176 179 17898032 10.1136/jnnp.2007.122853 1:STN:280:DC%2BD1c%2Fksleksg%3D%3D
76. C Salzman DV Jeste RE Meyer J Cohen-Mansfield J Cummings GT Grossberg L Jarvik HC Kraemer BD Lebowitz K Maslow BG Pollock M Raskind SK Schultz P Wang JM Zito GS Zubenko 2008 Elderly patients with dementia-related symptoms of severe agitation and aggression: consensus statement on treatment options, clinical trials methodology, and policy J Clin Psychiatry 69 889 898 18494535 10.4088/JCP.v69n0602
77. R Schiffer LE Pope 2005 Review of pseudobulbar affect including a novel and potential therapy J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 17 447 454 16387982 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.17.4.447 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xlt1amtLs%3D
78. H Seelaar JD Rohrer YA Pijnenburg NC Fox JC van Swieten 2011 Clinical, genetic and pathological heterogeneity of frontotemporal dementia: a review J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 82 5 476 486 20971753 10.1136/jnnp.2010.212225
79. M Sjogren L Minthon U Passant K Blennow A Wallin 1998 Decreased monoamine metabolites in frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease Neurobiol Aging 19 379 384 9880039 10.1016/S0197-4580(98)00086-4 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXktFKnsQ%3D%3D
80. DL Sparks WR Markesbery 1991 Altered serotonergic and cholinergic synaptic markers in Pick's disease Arch Neurol 48 796 799 1898253 1:STN:280:DyaK3MznvVOrtQ%3D%3D
81. DL Sparks VM Woeltz WR Markesbery 1991 Alterations in brain monoamine oxidase activity in aging, Alzheimer's disease, and Pick's disease Arch Neurol 48 718 721 1859299 1:STN:280:DyaK3MzhsFehsg%3D%3D
82. MM Swanberg 2007 Memantine for behavioral disturbances in frontotemporal dementia: a case series Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 21 164 166 17545743 10.1097/WAD.0b013e318047df5d
83. JR Swartz BL Miller IM Lesser AL Darby 1997 Frontotemporal dementia: treatment response to serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors J Clin Psychiatry 58 212 216 9184615 10.4088/JCP.v58n0506 1:CAS:528:DyaK2sXkt1emuro%3D
84. JQ Trojanowski K Duff H Fillit W Koroshetz J Kuret D Murphy L Refolo 2008 New directions for frontotemporal dementia drug discovery Alzheimers Dement 4 89 93 18631953 10.1016/j.jalz.2007.06.001 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXltlSmtbs%3D
85. GR Uhl DC Hilt JC Hedreen PJ Whitehouse DL Price 1983 Pick's disease (lobar sclerosis): depletion of neurons in the nucleus basalis of Meynert Neurology 33 1470 1473 6685239 1:STN:280:DyaL2c%2FktValtA%3D%3D
86. PS Wang MA Brookhart S Setoguchi AR Patrick S Schneeweiss 2006 Psychotropic medication use for behavioral symptoms of dementia Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 6 490 495 17074284 10.1007/s11910-006-0051-6
87. DR Weinberger R Gibson R Coppola DW Jones S Molchan T Sunderland KF Berman RC Reba 1991 The distribution of cerebral muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in vivo in patients with dementia. A controlled study with 123IQNB and single photon emission computed tomography Arch Neurol 48 169 176 1993008 1:STN:280:DyaK3M7ivVajsA%3D%3D
88. PL Wood P Etienne S Lal NP Nair MH Finlayson S Gauthier J Palo M Haltia A Paetau ED Bird 1983 A post-mortem comparison of the cortical cholinergic system in Alzheimer's disease and Pick's disease J Neurol Sci 62 211 217 6142096 10.1016/0022-510X(83)90200-9 1:CAS:528:DyaL2cXhtVWjtL8%3D
89. Y Yang HP Schmitt 2001 Frontotemporal dementia: evidence for impairment of ascending serotoninergic but not noradrenergic innervation. Immunocytochemical and quantitative study using a graph method Acta Neuropathol 101 256 270 11307626 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MvotlGkuw%3D%3D