메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 106, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 2232-2247

Representation of limb kinematics in Purkinje cell simple spike discharge is conserved across multiple tasks

Author keywords

Cerebellum; Forward internal model; Manual tracking; Movement kinematics

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; BRAIN ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY; CEREBELLUM; COMPARATIVE STUDY; EXPERIMENTAL MONKEY; EYE TRACKING; FEEDBACK SYSTEM; FEMALE; HAND; KINEMATICS; LIMB MOVEMENT; MALE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PURKINJE CELL; SPIKE; VELOCITY;

EID: 80755130192     PISSN: 00223077     EISSN: 15221598     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1152/jn.00886.2010     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (62)

References (67)
  • 1
    • 0027376607 scopus 로고
    • Synaptic currents evoked in Purkinje cells by stimulating individual granule cells
    • Barbour B. Synaptic currents evoked in Purkinje cells by stimulating individual granule cells. Neuron 11: 759-769, 1993.
    • (1993) Neuron , vol.11 , pp. 759-769
    • Barbour, B.1
  • 2
    • 33751223820 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning to predict the future: The cerebellum adapts feedforward movement control
    • Bastian AJ. Learning to predict the future: the cerebellum adapts feedforward movement control. Curr Opin Neurobiol 16: 645-649, 2006.
    • (2006) Curr Opin Neurobiol , vol.16 , pp. 645-649
    • Bastian, A.J.1
  • 3
    • 0344434126 scopus 로고
    • Contribution of positional and movement cues to visuomotor reaching in split-brain monkey
    • Russell I, Van Hoff MW, Berlucchi G, Boston: University Park
    • Beaubaton D, Grangetto A, Paillard J. Contribution of positional and movement cues to visuomotor reaching in split-brain monkey. In: Structure and Function of Cerebral Commissures, edited by Russell I, van Hoff MW, Berlucchi G. Boston: University Park, 1978, p. 371-384.
    • (1978) Structure and Function of Cerebral Commissures , pp. 371-384
    • Beaubaton, D.1    Grangetto, A.2    Paillard, J.3
  • 6
    • 0014975073 scopus 로고
    • Action of climbing fibers in cerebellar cortex of the cat
    • Bloedel JR, Roberts WJ. Action of climbing fibers in cerebellar cortex of the cat. J Neurophysiol 34: 17-31, 1971.
    • (1971) J Neurophysiol , vol.34 , pp. 17-31
    • Bloedel, J.R.1    Roberts, W.J.2
  • 7
    • 7444227631 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebellar stroke impairs temporal but not spatial accuracy during implicit motor learning
    • Boyd LA, Winstein CJ. Cerebellar stroke impairs temporal but not spatial accuracy during implicit motor learning. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 18: 134-143, 2004.
    • (2004) Neurorehabil Neural Repair , vol.18 , pp. 134-143
    • Boyd, L.A.1    Winstein, C.J.2
  • 8
    • 0033103362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebellar Purkinje cell simple spike discharge encodes movement velocity in primates during visuomotor arm tracking
    • Coltz JD, Johnson MT, Ebner TJ. Cerebellar Purkinje cell simple spike discharge encodes movement velocity in primates during visuomotor arm tracking. J Neurosci 19: 1782-1803, 1999.
    • (1999) J Neurosci , vol.19 , pp. 1782-1803
    • Coltz, J.D.1    Johnson, M.T.2    Ebner, T.J.3
  • 10
    • 0026522682 scopus 로고
    • Responses of cerebellar Purkinje cells to slip of a hand-held object
    • Dugas C, Smith AM. Responses of cerebellar Purkinje cells to slip of a hand-held object. J Neurophysiol 67: 483-495, 1992.
    • (1992) J Neurophysiol , vol.67 , pp. 483-495
    • Dugas, C.1    Smith, A.M.2
  • 11
    • 58149086730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebellum predicts the future motor state
    • Ebner TJ, Pasalar S. Cerebellum predicts the future motor state. Cerebellum 7: 583-588, 2008.
    • (2008) Cerebellum , vol.7 , pp. 583-588
    • Ebner, T.J.1    Pasalar, S.2
  • 12
    • 0034044869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Manual tracking in two dimensions
    • Engel KC, Soechting JF. Manual tracking in two dimensions. J Neurophysiol 83: 3483-3496, 2000.
    • (2000) J Neurophysiol , vol.83 , pp. 3483-3496
    • Engel, K.C.1    Soechting, J.F.2
  • 13
    • 0030448825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional magnetic resonance imaging of cerebellar activation during the learning of a visuomotor dissociation task
    • Flament D, Ellermann JM, Kim SG, Ugurbil K, Ebner TJ. Functional magnetic resonance imaging of cerebellar activation during the learning of a visuomotor dissociation task. Hum Brain Mapp 4: 210-226, 1996.
    • (1996) Hum Brain Mapp , vol.4 , pp. 210-226
    • Flament, D.1    Ellermann, J.M.2    Kim, S.G.3    Ugurbil, K.4    Ebner, T.J.5
  • 14
    • 0024309106 scopus 로고
    • Cerebellar neuronal activity related to whole-arm reaching movements in the monkey
    • Fortier PA, Kalaska JF, Smith AM. Cerebellar neuronal activity related to whole-arm reaching movements in the monkey. J Neurophysiol 62: 198-211, 1989.
    • (1989) J Neurophysiol , vol.62 , pp. 198-211
    • Fortier, P.A.1    Kalaska, J.F.2    Smith, A.M.3
  • 15
    • 33846227930 scopus 로고
    • Some observations on regressions with grouped data
    • Freund RJ. Some observations on regressions with grouped data. Am Statistician 25: 29-30, 1971.
    • (1971) Am Statistician , vol.25 , pp. 29-30
    • Freund, R.J.1
  • 17
    • 0021369523 scopus 로고
    • Cerebellar cortical activity during antagonist cocontraction and reciprocal inhibition of forearm muscles
    • Frysinger RC, Bourbonnais D, Kalaska JF, Smith AM. Cerebellar cortical activity during antagonist cocontraction and reciprocal inhibition of forearm muscles. J Neurophysiol 51: 32-49, 1984.
    • (1984) J Neurophysiol , vol.51 , pp. 32-49
    • Frysinger, R.C.1    Bourbonnais, D.2    Kalaska, J.F.3    Smith, A.M.4
  • 18
    • 0030811155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship of cerebellar Purkinje cell simple spike discharge to movement kinematics in the monkey
    • Fu QG, Flament D, Coltz JD, Ebner TJ. Relationship of cerebellar Purkinje cell simple spike discharge to movement kinematics in the monkey. J Neurophysiol 78: 478-491, 1997.
    • (1997) J Neurophysiol , vol.78 , pp. 478-491
    • Fu, Q.G.1    Flament, D.2    Coltz, J.D.3    Ebner, T.J.4
  • 19
    • 0020401276 scopus 로고
    • On the relations between the direction of two-dimensional arm movements and cell discharge in primate motor cortex
    • Georgopoulos AP, Kalaska JF, Caminiti R, Massey JT. On the relations between the direction of two-dimensional arm movements and cell discharge in primate motor cortex. J Neurosci 2: 1527-1537, 1982.
    • (1982) J Neurosci , vol.2 , pp. 1527-1537
    • Georgopoulos, A.P.1    Kalaska, J.F.2    Caminiti, R.3    Massey, J.T.4
  • 20
    • 0034607604 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensory representation of passive movement kinematics by rat's spinocerebellar Purkinje cells
    • Giaquinta G, Valle MS, Caserta C, Casabona A, Bosco G, Perciavalle V. Sensory representation of passive movement kinematics by rat's spinocerebellar Purkinje cells. Neurosci Lett 285: 41-44, 2000.
    • (2000) Neurosci Lett , vol.285 , pp. 41-44
    • Giaquinta, G.1    Valle, M.S.2    Caserta, C.3    Casabona, A.4    Bosco, G.5    Perciavalle, V.6
  • 21
    • 0017397676 scopus 로고
    • Purkinje cell activity during motor learning
    • Gilbert PF, Thach WT. Purkinje cell activity during motor learning. Brain Res 128: 309-328, 1977.
    • (1977) Brain Res , vol.128 , pp. 309-328
    • Gilbert, P.F.1    Thach, W.T.2
  • 22
    • 0031838176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal firing patterns of Purkinje cells in the cerebellar ventral paraflocculus during ocular following responses in monkeys. I. Simple spikes
    • Gomi H, Shidara M, Takemura A, Inoue Y, Kawano K, Kawato M. Temporal firing patterns of Purkinje cells in the cerebellar ventral paraflocculus during ocular following responses in monkeys. I. Simple spikes. J Neurophysiol 80: 818-831, 1998.
    • (1998) J Neurophysiol , vol.80 , pp. 818-831
    • Gomi, H.1    Shidara, M.2    Takemura, A.3    Inoue, Y.4    Kawano, K.5    Kawato, M.6
  • 23
    • 37849028875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neural substrates of visuomotor learning based on improved feedback control and prediction
    • Grafton ST, Schmitt P, Van HJ, Diedrichsen J. Neural substrates of visuomotor learning based on improved feedback control and prediction. Neuroimage 39: 1383-1395, 2008.
    • (2008) Neuroimage , vol.39 , pp. 1383-1395
    • Grafton, S.T.1    Schmitt, P.2    Van, H.J.3    Diedrichsen, J.4
  • 24
    • 0027218181 scopus 로고
    • Sensory responses to passive hindlimb joint rotation in the cerebellar cortex of the cat
    • Gray C, Perciavalle V, Poppele R. Sensory responses to passive hindlimb joint rotation in the cerebellar cortex of the cat. Brain Res 622: 280-284, 1993.
    • (1993) Brain Res , vol.622 , pp. 280-284
    • Gray, C.1    Perciavalle, V.2    Poppele, R.3
  • 25
    • 0017752653 scopus 로고
    • The natural discharges of Purkinje cells in paravermal regions of lobules V and VI of the monkey's cerebellum
    • Harvey RJ, Porter R, Rawson JA. The natural discharges of Purkinje cells in paravermal regions of lobules V and VI of the monkey's cerebellum. J Physiol 271: 515-536, 1977.
    • (1977) J Physiol , vol.271 , pp. 515-536
    • Harvey, R.J.1    Porter, R.2    Rawson, J.A.3
  • 26
    • 70349241487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamic correspondence between Purkinje cell discharge and forelimb muscle activity during reaching
    • Holdefer RN, Miller LE. Dynamic correspondence between Purkinje cell discharge and forelimb muscle activity during reaching. Brain Res 1295: 67-75, 2009.
    • (2009) Brain Res , vol.1295 , pp. 67-75
    • Holdefer, R.N.1    Miller, L.E.2
  • 29
    • 0037111840 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Properties of unitary granule cell->Purkinje cell synapses in adult rat cerebellar slices
    • Isope P, Barbour B. Properties of unitary granule cell->Purkinje cell synapses in adult rat cerebellar slices. J Neurosci 22: 9668-9678, 2002.
    • (2002) J Neurosci , vol.22 , pp. 9668-9678
    • Isope, P.1    Barbour, B.2
  • 31
    • 0032787485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Internal models for motor control and trajectory planning
    • Kawato M. Internal models for motor control and trajectory planning. Curr Opin Neurobiol 9: 718-727, 1999.
    • (1999) Curr Opin Neurobiol , vol.9 , pp. 718-727
    • Kawato, M.1
  • 32
    • 0032249168 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Internal models for motor control
    • Kawato M, Wolpert D. Internal models for motor control. Novartis Found Symp 218: 291-304, 1998.
    • (1998) Novartis Found Symp , vol.218 , pp. 291-304
    • Kawato, M.1    Wolpert, D.2
  • 33
    • 0014286160 scopus 로고
    • Processing of visual feedback in rapid movements
    • Keele SW, Posner MI. Processing of visual feedback in rapid movements. J Exp Psychol 77: 155-158, 1968.
    • (1968) J Exp Psychol , vol.77 , pp. 155-158
    • Keele, S.W.1    Posner, M.I.2
  • 34
    • 0141521710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebellar loops with motor cortex and prefrontal cortex of a nonhuman primate
    • Kelly RM, Strick PL. Cerebellar loops with motor cortex and prefrontal cortex of a nonhuman primate. J Neurosci 23: 8432-8444, 2003.
    • (2003) J Neurosci , vol.23 , pp. 8432-8444
    • Kelly, R.M.1    Strick, P.L.2
  • 36
    • 0023584358 scopus 로고
    • Cerebellar unit responses of the mossy fibre system to passive movements in the decerebrate cat. I. Responses to static parameters
    • Kolb FP, Rubia FJ, Bauswein E. Cerebellar unit responses of the mossy fibre system to passive movements in the decerebrate cat. I. Responses to static parameters. Exp Brain Res 68: 234-248, 1987.
    • (1987) Exp Brain Res , vol.68 , pp. 234-248
    • Kolb, F.P.1    Rubia, F.J.2    Bauswein, E.3
  • 37
    • 0020838812 scopus 로고
    • The law relating the kinematic and figural aspects of drawing movements
    • Lacquaniti F, Terzuolo C, Viviani P. The law relating the kinematic and figural aspects of drawing movements. Acta Psychol (Amst) 54: 115-130, 1983.
    • (1983) Acta Psychol (Amst) , vol.54 , pp. 115-130
    • Lacquaniti, F.1    Terzuolo, C.2    Viviani, P.3
  • 38
    • 0019154813 scopus 로고
    • Simple-spike activity of cerebellar Purkinje cells related to visually guided wrist tracking movement in the monkey
    • Mano N, Yamamoto K. Simple-spike activity of cerebellar Purkinje cells related to visually guided wrist tracking movement in the monkey. J Neurophysiol 43: 713-728, 1980.
    • (1980) J Neurophysiol , vol.43 , pp. 713-728
    • Mano, N.1    Yamamoto, K.2
  • 39
    • 0023491352 scopus 로고
    • Cerebellar neuronal activity related to arm movements in trained rhesus monkeys
    • Marple-Horvat DE, Stein JF. Cerebellar neuronal activity related to arm movements in trained rhesus monkeys. J Physiol 394: 351-366, 1987.
    • (1987) J Physiol , vol.394 , pp. 351-366
    • Marple-Horvat, D.E.1    Stein, J.F.2
  • 40
    • 0020044721 scopus 로고
    • The changes in Purkinje cell simple spike activity following spontaneous climbing fiber inputs
    • McDevitt CJ, Ebner TJ, Bloedel JR. The changes in Purkinje cell simple spike activity following spontaneous climbing fiber inputs. Brain Res 237: 484-491, 1982.
    • (1982) Brain Res , vol.237 , pp. 484-491
    • McDevitt, C.J.1    Ebner, T.J.2    Bloedel, J.R.3
  • 41
    • 70350319233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Encoding and decoding of learned smooth pursuit eye movements in the floccular complex of the monkey cerebellum
    • Medina JF, Lisberger SG. Encoding and decoding of learned smooth pursuit eye movements in the floccular complex of the monkey cerebellum. J Neurophysiol 102: 2039-2054, 2009.
    • (2009) J Neurophysiol , vol.102 , pp. 2039-2054
    • Medina, J.F.1    Lisberger, S.G.2
  • 42
    • 26044443793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional imaging of changes in cerebellar activity related to learning during a novel eye-hand tracking task
    • Miall RC, Jenkinson EW. Functional imaging of changes in cerebellar activity related to learning during a novel eye-hand tracking task. Exp Brain Res 166: 170-183, 2005.
    • (2005) Exp Brain Res , vol.166 , pp. 170-183
    • Miall, R.C.1    Jenkinson, E.W.2
  • 43
    • 34047160866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stereotactic neurosurgical planning, recording, and visualization for deep brain stimulation in non-human primates
    • Miocinovic S, Zhang J, Xu W, Russo GS, Vitek JL, McIntyre CC. Stereotactic neurosurgical planning, recording, and visualization for deep brain stimulation in non-human primates. J Neurosci Methods 162: 32-41, 2007.
    • (2007) J Neurosci Methods , vol.162 , pp. 32-41
    • Miocinovic, S.1    Zhang, J.2    Xu, W.3    Russo, G.S.4    Vitek, J.L.5    McIntyre, C.C.6
  • 44
    • 0032717445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motor cortical representation of speed and direction during reaching
    • Moran DW, Schwartz AB. Motor cortical representation of speed and direction during reaching. J Neurophysiol 82: 2676-2692, 1999.
    • (1999) J Neurophysiol , vol.82 , pp. 2676-2692
    • Moran, D.W.1    Schwartz, A.B.2
  • 45
    • 0023755390 scopus 로고
    • Number of parallel fiber synapses on an individual Purkinje cell in the cerebellum of the rat
    • Napper RM, Harvey RJ. Number of parallel fiber synapses on an individual Purkinje cell in the cerebellum of the rat. J Comp Neurol 274: 168-177, 1988.
    • (1988) J Comp Neurol , vol.274 , pp. 168-177
    • Napper, R.M.1    Harvey, R.J.2
  • 46
    • 0000726067 scopus 로고
    • Measures of explained variance: Cautions and limitations
    • O'Grady KE. Measures of explained variance: cautions and limitations. Psychol Bull 92: 766-777, 1982.
    • (1982) Psychol Bull , vol.92 , pp. 766-777
    • O'Grady, K.E.1
  • 47
    • 0025833606 scopus 로고
    • Scaling of the metrics of visually-guided arm movements during motor learning in primates
    • Ojakangas CL, Ebner TJ. Scaling of the metrics of visually-guided arm movements during motor learning in primates. Exp Brain Res 85: 314-323, 1991.
    • (1991) Exp Brain Res , vol.85 , pp. 314-323
    • Ojakangas, C.L.1    Ebner, T.J.2
  • 48
    • 0027071741 scopus 로고
    • Purkinje cell complex and simple spike changes during a voluntary arm movement learning task in the monkey
    • Ojakangas CL, Ebner TJ. Purkinje cell complex and simple spike changes during a voluntary arm movement learning task in the monkey. J Neurophysiol 68: 2222-2236, 1992.
    • (1992) J Neurophysiol , vol.68 , pp. 2222-2236
    • Ojakangas, C.L.1    Ebner, T.J.2
  • 49
    • 0347088824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatiotemporal tuning of motor cortical neurons for hand position and velocity
    • Paninski L, Fellows MR, Hatsopoulos NG, Donoghue JP. Spatiotemporal tuning of motor cortical neurons for hand position and velocity. J Neurophysiol 91: 515-532, 2004a.
    • (2004) J Neurophysiol , vol.91 , pp. 515-532
    • Paninski, L.1    Fellows, M.R.2    Hatsopoulos, N.G.3    Donoghue, J.P.4
  • 50
    • 4744360960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Superlinear population encoding of dynamic hand trajectory in primary motor cortex
    • Paninski L, Shoham S, Fellows MR, Hatsopoulos NG, Donoghue JP. Superlinear population encoding of dynamic hand trajectory in primary motor cortex. J Neurosci 24: 8551-8561, 2004b.
    • (2004) J Neurosci , vol.24 , pp. 8551-8561
    • Paninski, L.1    Shoham, S.2    Fellows, M.R.3    Hatsopoulos, N.G.4    Donoghue, J.P.5
  • 51
    • 33750466581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Force field effects on cerebellar Purkinje cell discharge with implications for internal models
    • Pasalar S, Roitman AV, Durfee WK, Ebner TJ. Force field effects on cerebellar Purkinje cell discharge with implications for internal models. Nat Neurosci 9: 1404-1411, 2006.
    • (2006) Nat Neurosci , vol.9 , pp. 1404-1411
    • Pasalar, S.1    Roitman, A.V.2    Durfee, W.K.3    Ebner, T.J.4
  • 52
    • 0842349517 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinematic analysis of manual tracking in monkeys: Characterization of movement intermittencies during a circular tracking task
    • Roitman AV, Massaquoi SG, Takahashi K, Ebner TJ. Kinematic analysis of manual tracking in monkeys: characterization of movement intermittencies during a circular tracking task. J Neurophysiol 91: 901-911, 2004.
    • (2004) J Neurophysiol , vol.91 , pp. 901-911
    • Roitman, A.V.1    Massaquoi, S.G.2    Takahashi, K.3    Ebner, T.J.4
  • 53
    • 56349086398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Single trial coupling of Purkinje cell activity to speed and error signals during circular manual tracking
    • Roitman AV, Pasalar S, Ebner TJ. Single trial coupling of Purkinje cell activity to speed and error signals during circular manual tracking. Exp Brain Res 192: 241-251, 2009.
    • (2009) Exp Brain Res , vol.192 , pp. 241-251
    • Roitman, A.V.1    Pasalar, S.2    Ebner, T.J.3
  • 54
    • 27144482149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Position, direction of movement, and speed tuning of cerebellar Purkinje cells during circular manual tracking in monkey
    • Roitman AV, Pasalar S, Johnson MT, Ebner TJ. Position, direction of movement, and speed tuning of cerebellar Purkinje cells during circular manual tracking in monkey. J Neurosci 25: 9244-9257, 2005.
    • (2005) J Neurosci , vol.25 , pp. 9244-9257
    • Roitman, A.V.1    Pasalar, S.2    Johnson, M.T.3    Ebner, T.J.4
  • 55
    • 0017893359 scopus 로고
    • Responses of cerebellar units to a passive movement in the decerebrate cat
    • Rubia FJ, Kolb FP. Responses of cerebellar units to a passive movement in the decerebrate cat. Exp Brain Res 31: 387-401, 1978.
    • (1978) Exp Brain Res , vol.31 , pp. 387-401
    • Rubia, F.J.1    Kolb, F.P.2
  • 56
    • 0032719752 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motor cortical activity during drawing movements: Population representation during lemniscate tracing
    • Schwartz AB, Moran DW. Motor cortical activity during drawing movements: population representation during lemniscate tracing. J Neurophysiol 82: 2705-2718, 1999.
    • (1999) J Neurophysiol , vol.82 , pp. 2705-2718
    • Schwartz, A.B.1    Moran, D.W.2
  • 57
    • 0027488969 scopus 로고
    • Inverse-dynamics model eye movement control by Purkinje cells in the cerebellum
    • Shidara M, Kawano K, Gomi H, Kawato M. Inverse-dynamics model eye movement control by Purkinje cells in the cerebellum. Nature 365: 50-52, 1993.
    • (1993) Nature , vol.365 , pp. 50-52
    • Shidara, M.1    Kawano, K.2    Gomi, H.3    Kawato, M.4
  • 58
    • 0019488819 scopus 로고
    • The coactivation of antagonist muscles
    • Smith AM. The coactivation of antagonist muscles. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 59: 733-747, 1981.
    • (1981) Can J Physiol Pharmacol , vol.59 , pp. 733-747
    • Smith, A.M.1
  • 59
    • 0025292685 scopus 로고
    • Visual responses of Purkinje cells in the cerebellar flocculus during smooth-pursuit eye movements in monkeys. I. Simple spikes
    • Stone LS, Lisberger SG. Visual responses of Purkinje cells in the cerebellar flocculus during smooth-pursuit eye movements in monkeys. I. Simple spikes. J Neurophysiol 63: 1241-1261, 1990.
    • (1990) J Neurophysiol , vol.63 , pp. 1241-1261
    • Stone, L.S.1    Lisberger, S.G.2
  • 60
    • 0014328567 scopus 로고
    • Discharge of Purkinje and cerebellar nuclear neurons during rapidly alternating arm movements in the monkey
    • Thach WT. Discharge of Purkinje and cerebellar nuclear neurons during rapidly alternating arm movements in the monkey. J Neurophysiol 31: 785-797, 1968.
    • (1968) J Neurophysiol , vol.31 , pp. 785-797
    • Thach, W.T.1
  • 61
    • 0014818955 scopus 로고
    • Discharge of cerebellar neurons related to two maintained postures and two prompt movements. II. Purkinje cell output and input
    • Thach WT. Discharge of cerebellar neurons related to two maintained postures and two prompt movements. II. Purkinje cell output and input. J Neurophysiol 33: 537-547, 1970.
    • (1970) J Neurophysiol , vol.33 , pp. 537-547
    • Thach, W.T.1
  • 62
    • 0034521343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Information processing in the spinocerebellar system
    • Valle MS, Bosco G, Poppele R. Information processing in the spinocerebellar system. Neuroreport 11: 4075-4079, 2000.
    • (2000) Neuroreport , vol.11 , pp. 4075-4079
    • Valle, M.S.1    Bosco, G.2    Poppele, R.3
  • 63
    • 0020026261 scopus 로고
    • Trajectory determines movement dynamics
    • Viviani P, Terzuolo C. Trajectory determines movement dynamics. Neuroscience 7: 431-437, 1982.
    • (1982) Neuroscience , vol.7 , pp. 431-437
    • Viviani, P.1    Terzuolo, C.2
  • 64
    • 0028799979 scopus 로고
    • An internal model for sensorimotor integration
    • Wolpert DM, Ghahramani Z, Jordan MI. An internal model for sensorimotor integration. Science 269: 1880-1882, 1995.
    • (1995) Science , vol.269 , pp. 1880-1882
    • Wolpert, D.M.1    Ghahramani, Z.2    Jordan, M.I.3
  • 66
    • 33846911707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Encoding of movement dynamics by Purkinje cell simple spike activity during fast arm movements under resistive and assistive force fields
    • Yamamoto K, Kawato M, Kotosaka S, Kitazawa S. Encoding of movement dynamics by Purkinje cell simple spike activity during fast arm movements under resistive and assistive force fields. J Neurophysiol 97: 1588-1599, 2007.
    • (2007) J Neurophysiol , vol.97 , pp. 1588-1599
    • Yamamoto, K.1    Kawato, M.2    Kotosaka, S.3    Kitazawa, S.4
  • 67
    • 0004252445 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall
    • Zar JH. Biostatistical Analysis. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1999.
    • (1999) Biostatistical Analysis
    • Zar, J.H.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.