Contribution of mesoscale processes to nutrient budgets in the Arabian Sea

Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

Volumn 116, Issue 11, 2011, Pages

  Resplandy, L ^a   Levy M ^a   Madec, G ^a,b   Pous, S ^a   Aumont, O ^c   Kumar, D ^d  

^a UNIVERSITÉ PIERRE ET MARIE CURIE   (France)

^b NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY CENTRE   (United Kingdom)

^c Centre Bretagne   (France)

^d NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF OCEANOGRAPHY   (India)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADVECTION; ATMOSPHERIC THERMODYNAMICS; BLOOMS (METAL); BUDGET CONTROL; DYNAMICS;

ARABIAN SEA; BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTION; COASTAL UPWELLING; DIFFERENT PROCESS; IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS; MAIN PROCESS; MESOSCALE; MESOSCALE PROCESS; MESOSCALE STRUCTURE; MESOSCALE VARIABILITY; NORTHEAST MONSOON; NUMERICAL MODELS; NUTRIENT BUDGETS; NUTRIENT SUPPLY; PRIMARY PRODUCTION; RESTRATIFICATION; SEASONAL CYCLE; SIGNIFICANT IMPACTS; UPPER LAYER; UPWELLING REGION; VERTICAL ADVECTION; VERTICAL VELOCITY;

NUTRIENTS;

ALGAL BLOOM; IN SITU MEASUREMENT; MESOSCALE EDDY; NUMERICAL MODEL; NUTRIENT BUDGET; PRIMARY PRODUCTION; SATELLITE DATA; SEASONAL VARIATION; SPATIOTEMPORAL ANALYSIS; UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS; UPWELLING;

ARABIAN SEA; INDIAN OCEAN;

EID: 80755127002     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699291     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2011JC007006     Document Type: Article

References (105)

1. Al Saafani, M. A., S. S. C. Shenoi, D. Shankar, M. Aparna, J. Kurian, F. Durand, and P. N. Vinayachandran (2007), Westward movement of eddies into the Gulf of Aden from the Arabian Sea, J. Geophys. Res., 112, C11004, doi:10.1029/2006JC004020.
2. Antoine, D., J.-M. André, and A. Morel (1996), Oceanic primary production: 2. Estimation at global scale from satellite (Coastal Zone Color Scanner) chlorophyll, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 10(1), 57-69.
3. Aumont, O., and L. Bopp (2006), Globalizing results from ocean in situ iron fertilization studies, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 20, GB2017, doi:10.1029/2005GB002591. (Pubitemid 44755540)
4. Aumont, O., E. Maier-Reimer, S. Blain, and P. Monfray (2003), An ecosystem model of the global ocean including Fe, Si, P colimitations, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 17(2), 1060, doi:10.1029/2001GB001745.
5. Banse, K. (1968), Hydrography of the Arabian Sea shelf of India and Pakistan and effects on demersal fishes, Deep Sea Res. Oceanogr. Abstr., 15 (1), 45-48, IN7-IN10, 49-79, doi:10.1016/0011-7471(68)90028-4.
6. Banse, K. (1987), Seasonality of phytoplankton chlorophyll in the central and northern Arabian Sea, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 34(5-6), 713-723, doi:10.1016/0198-0149(87)90032-X.
7. Banse, K. (1994), On the coupling of hydrography, phytoplankton, zoo-plankton, and settling organic Part Icles offshore in the Arabian Sea, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. Earth Planet. Sci., 103, 125-161.
8. Banse, K., and D. C. English (2000), Geographical differences in seasonal-ity of CZCS-derived phytoplankton pigment in the Arabian Sea for 1978-1986, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 47, 1623-1677. (Pubitemid 30170348)
9. Banse, K., and C. McClain (1986), Winter blooms of phytoplankton in the Arabian Sea as observed by the Coastal Zone Color Scanner, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 34, 201-211.
10. Barber, R. T., J. Marra, R. C. Bidigare, L. A. Codispoti, D. Halpern, Z. Johnson, M. Latasa, R. Goericke, and S. L. Smith (2001), Primary productivity and its regulation in the Arabian Sea during 1995, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 48(6-7), 1127-1172, doi:10.1016/S0967-0645(00)00134-X. (Pubitemid 32232376)
11. Barnier, B., et al. (2006), Impact of Part Ial steps and momentum advection schemes in a global ocean circulation model at eddy permitting resolution, Ocean Dyn., 56, 543-567, doi:10.1007/s10236-006-0082-1. (Pubitemid 46039483)
12. Batteen, M. L. (1997), Wind-forced modeling studies of currents, meanders and eddies in the California Current System, J. Geophys. Res., 28, 2199-2221.
13. Bauer, S., G. L. Hitchcock, and D. B. Olson (1991), Influence of monsoon-ally-forced Ekman dynamics upon the surface-layer depth and plankton biomass distribution in the Arabian Sea, Deep Sea Res., 38, 531-553.
14. Behrenfeld, M. J. (2010), Abandoning Sverdrup's critical depth hypothesis on phytoplankton blooms, Ecology, 91(4), 977-989.
15. Behrenfeld, M. J., and P. Falkowski (1997), Photosynthetic rates derived from satellite-based chlorophyll concentration, Limnol. Oceanogr., 42, 1-20. (Pubitemid 27422607)
16. Bernie, D., E. Guilyardi, G. Madec, J. Slingo, and S. Woolnough (2007), Impact of resolving the diurnal cycle in an ocean-atmosphere GCM. Part 1: A diurnally forced OGCM, Clim. Dyn., 29, 575-590, doi:10.1007/s00382-007-0249-6. (Pubitemid 47400023)
17. Blanke, B., and P. Delecluse (1993), Variability of the tropical Atlantic Ocean simulated by a general circulation model with two different mixed-layer physics, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 23, 1363-1388. (Pubitemid 24429521)
18. Blanke, B., S. Speich, A. Bentamy, C. Roy, and B. Sow (2005), Modeling the structure and variability of the southern Benguela upwelling using QuikSCAT wind forcing, J. Geophys. Res., 110, C07018, doi:10.1029/2004JC002529. (Pubitemid 41320265)
19. Bourdallé-Badie, R., and A.-M. Treguier (2006), A climatology of runoff for the global ocean-ice model ORCA025, Mercator Rep., MOO-RP-425-366-MER, Mercator-Ocean, Toulouse, France.
20. Bower, A. S., D. M. Fratantoni, W. E. Johns, and H. Peters (2002), Gulf of Aden eddies and their impact on Red Sea Water, Geophys. Res. Lett, 29 (21), 2025, doi:10.1029/2002GL015342.
21. Brandt, P., M. Dengler, A. Rubino, D. Quadfasel, and F. Schott (2003), Intraseasonal variability in the southwestern Arabian Sea and its relation to the seasonal circulation, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 50(12-13), 2129-2141, doi:10.1016/S0967-0645(03)00049-3. (Pubitemid 36738431)
22. Brink, K., R. Arnone, P. Coble, C. Flagg, B. Jones, J. Kindle, C. Lee, and D. Phinney (1998), Monsoons boost biological productivity in Arabian Sea, Eos Trans. AGU, 79, 165.
23. Brock, J. C, and C. R. McClain (1992), Interannual variability in phytoplankton blooms observed in the northwestern Arabian Sea during the Southwest Monsoon, J. Geophys. Res., 97(C1), 733-750. (Pubitemid 23399270)
24. Brock, J. C, C. R. McClain, M. E. Luther, and W. W. Hay (1991), The phytoplankton bloom in the northwestern Arabian Sea during the Southwest Monsoon of 1979, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 20,623-20,642.
25. Brodeau, L., B. Barnier, T. Penduff, A.-M. Tréguier, and S. Gulev (2009), An ERA40 based atmospheric forcing for global ocean circulation models, Ocean Modell, 31, 88-104, doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2009.10.005.
26. Bruce, J. G., D. R. Johnson, and J. C. Kindle (1994), Evidence for eddy formation in the eastern Arabian Sea during the northeast monsoon, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 7651-7664. (Pubitemid 24430861)
27. Capet, X., F. Colas, P. Penven, P. Marchesiello, and J. C. McWilliams (2008), Eddies in eastern boundary subtropical upwelling systems, in Ocean Modeling in an Eddying Regime, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 177, edited by M. W. Hecht and H. Hasumi, pp. 131-148, AGU, Washington, D. C.
28. Chelton, D. B., R. A. deSzoeke, M. G. Schlax, K. E. Naggar, and N. Siwertz (1998), Geographical variability of the first-baroclinic Rossby radius of deformation, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 28, 433-460. (Pubitemid 128594688)
29. de Boyer Montégut, C, G. Madec, A. S. Fischer, A. Lazar, and D. Iudicone (2004), Mixed layer depth over the global ocean: An examination of profile data and a profile-based climatology, J. Geophys. Res., 109, C12003, doi:10.1029/2004JC002378. (Pubitemid 40335109)
30. Dickey, T., J. Marra, D. E. Sigurdson, R. A. Weller, C. S. Kinkade, S. E. Zedler, J. D. Wiggert, and C. Langdon (1998), Seasonal variability of bio-optical and physical properties in the Arabian Sea: October 1994-October 1995, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 45(10-11), 2001-2025, doi:10.1016/S0967-0645(98) 00061-7. (Pubitemid 29006857)
31. Dutkiewicz, S., M. J. Follows, and P. Parekh (2005), Interactions of the iron and phosphorus cycles: A three-dimensional model study, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 19, GB1021, doi:10.1029/2004GB002342. (Pubitemid 40801472)
32. Findlater, J. (1969), A major low-level air current near the Indian Ocean during the northern summer, Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc, 95, 362-380.
33. Fischer, A. S., R. A. Weller, D. L. Rudnick, C. C. Eriksen, C. M. Lee, K. H. Brink, C. A. Fox, and R. R. Leben (2002), Mesoscale eddies, coastal upwelling, and the upper-ocean heat budget in the Arabian Sea, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 49(12), 2231-2264, doi:10.1016/S0967-0645(02) 00036-X. (Pubitemid 34616896)
34. Flagg, C, and H.-S. Kim (1998), Upper ocean currents in the northern Arabian Sea from shipboard ADCP measurements during the 1994-1996 U.S. JGOFS and ONR programs, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 45, 1917-1960.
35. Friedrichs, M. A. M., R. Hood, and J. D. Wiggert (2006), Ecosystem model complexity versus physical forcing: Quantification of their relative impact with assimilated Arabian Sea data, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 53, 576-600. (Pubitemid 43866506)
36. Garrison, D. L., M. M. Gowing, and M. P. Hughes (1998), Nano-and microplankton in the northern Arabian Sea during the Southwest Monsoon, August-September 1995: A US-JGOFS study, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 45(10-11), 2269-2299, doi:10.1016/S0967-0645(98)00071-X. (Pubitemid 29006866)
37. Gauns, M., M. Madhupratap, N. Ramaiah, R. Jyothibabu, V. Fernandes, J. T. Paul, and S. P. Kumar (2005), Comparative accounts of biological productivity characteristics and estimates of carbon fluxes in the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 52(14-15), 2003-2017, doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2005. 05.009. (Pubitemid 41242661)
38. Griffies, S. M., et al. (2009), Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments (COREs), Ocean Modell., 26(1-2), 1-46, doi:10.1016/j.ocemod. 2008.08.007.
39. Hitchcock, G. L., E. L. Key, and J. Masters (2000), The fate of upwelled waters in the Great Whirl, August 1995, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 47(7-8), 1605-1621, doi:10.1016/S0967-0645(99)00156-3. (Pubitemid 30170347)
40. Honjo, S., J. Dymond, W. Prell, and V. Ittekkot (1999), Monsoon-controlled export fluxes to the interior of the Arabian Sea, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 46(8-9), 1859-1902, doi:10.1016/S0967-0645(99)00047-8. (Pubitemid 29360472)
41. Karleskind, P., M. Lévy, and L. Mémery (2011), Modifications of mode water properties by sub-mesoscales in a bio-physical model of the northeast Atlantic, Ocean Modell., 39, 47-60, doi:10.1016/j.ocemod. 2010.12.003.
42. Kawamiya, M. (2001), Mechanism of offshore nutrient supply in the western Arabian Sea, J. Mar. Res., 59, 675-696. (Pubitemid 34122675)
43. Kawamiya, M., and A. Oschlies (2003), An eddy-permitting, coupled ecosystem-circulation model of the Arabian Sea: Comparison with observations, J. Mar. Syst, 38(3-4), 221-257, doi:10.1016/S0924-7963(02)00241-5. (Pubitemid 36093092)
44. Keen, T., J. Kindle, and D. Young (1997), The interaction of Southwest Monsoon upwelling, advection and primary production in the northwest Arabian Sea, J. Mar. Syst, 13, 61-82. (Pubitemid 27461745)
45. Kim, H.-S., C. N. Flagg, and S. Howden (2001), Northern Arabian Sea variability from TOPEX/Poseidon altimetry data, an extension of the JGOFS/ONR shipboard ADCP study, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 48, 1069-1096. (Pubitemid 32232373)
46. Klein, P., B. L. Hua, G. Lapeyre, X. Capet, S. L. Gentil, and H. S. Sasaki (2008), Upper ocean turbulence from high 3-d resolution simulations, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 38, 1748-1763.
47. Kobayashi, T., and T. Suga (2006), The Indian Ocean HydroBase: A high-quality climatological dataset for the Indian Ocean, Prog. Oceanogr., 68 (1), 75-114, doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2005.07.001. (Pubitemid 41802993)
48. Koné, V., O. Aumont, M. Lévy, and L. Resplandy (2009), Physical and biogeochemical controls of the phytoplankton seasonal cycle in the Indian Ocean: A modeling study, in Indian Ocean Biogeochemical Processes and Ecological Variability, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 185, edited by J. D. Wiggert et al., pp. 147-166, AGU, Washington, D. C.
49. Kravtsova, V., V. Mikhailov, and N. Efremova (2009), Variations of the hydrological regime, morphological structure, and landscapes of the Indus River delta (Pakistan) under the effect of large-scale water management measures, Water Resour., 36, 365-379, doi:10.1134/S0097807809040010.
50. Lapeyre, G., P. Klein, and B. Hua (2006), Oceanic restratification forced by surface frontogenesis, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 36, 1577-1590. (Pubitemid 44550282)
51. Large, W. G., and S. G. Yeager (2004), Diurnal to decadal global forcing for ocean and sea-ice models, NCAR Tech. Note, TN-460+STR, 22 pp., Natl. Cent. for Atmos. Res., Boulder, Colo.
52. Lee, C, et al. (1998), Part Iculate organic carbon fluxes: Compilation of results from the 1995 US JGOFS Arabian Sea Process Study, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 45(10-11), 2489-2501, doi:10.1016/S0967-0645(98) 00079-4. (Pubitemid 29006873)
53. Lee, C. M., B. H. Jones, K. H. Brink, and A. S. Fischer (2000), The upper-ocean response to monsoonal forcing in the Arabian Sea: Seasonal and spatial variability, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 47, 1177-1226. (Pubitemid 30170332)
54. Leth, O., and J. F. Middleton (2004), A mechanism for enhanced upwelling off central Chile: Eddy advection, J. Geophys. Res., 109, C12020, doi:10.1029/2003JC002129. (Pubitemid 40335126)
55. Levitus, S., T. Boyer, M. Conkright, T. O'Brian, J. Antonov, C. Stephens, L. Stathopolos, D. Johnson, and R. Gelfeld (1998), World Ocean Database 1998, Tech. Rep., NESDID18, NOAA, Silver Spring, Md.
56. Lévy, M., L. Mémery, and G. Madec (1999), The onset of the spring bloom in the MEDOC area: Mesoscale spatial variability, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 46, 1137-1160, doi:10.1016/S0967-0637(98)00105-8. (Pubitemid 29273126)
57. Lévy, M., L. Mémery, and G. Madec (2000), Combined effects of mesoscale processes and atmospheric high-frequency variability on the spring bloom in the MEDOC area, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 47, 27-53, doi:10.1016/S0967- 0637(99)00051-5.
58. Lévy, M., P. Klein, and A.-M. Treguier (2001), Impacts of sub-mesoscale physics on phytoplankton production and subduction, J. Mar. Res., 59, 535-565, doi:10.1357/002224001762842181. (Pubitemid 33028437)
59. Lévy, M., D. Shankar, J.-M. André, S. S. C. Shenoi, F. Durand, and C. de Boyer Montégut (2007), Basin-wide seasonal evolution of the Indian Ocean's phytoplankton blooms, J. Geophys. Res., 112, C12014, doi:10.1029/2007JC004090.
60. Lévy, M., P. Klein, A.-M. Tréguier, D. Iovino, G. Madec, S. Masson, and K. Takahashi (2010), Modifications of gyre circulation by sub-mesoscale physics, Ocean Modell, 34, 1-15, doi:10.1016/j.ocemod.2010.04.001.
61. Lierheimer, L. J., and K. Banse (2002), Seasonal and interannual variability of phytoplankton pigment in the Laccadive (Lakshadweep) Sea as observed by the Coastal Zone Color Scanner, Proc. Ind. Acad. Sci. Earth Planet. Sci., 111, 163-185. (Pubitemid 34657767)
62. Ludwig, W., J. L. Probst, and S. Kempe (1996), Predicting the oceanic input of the organic carbon by continental erosion, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 10, 23-41.
63. Lumpkin, R., and Z. Garraffo (2005), Evaluating the decomposition of tropical Atlantic drifter observations, J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol, 22, 1403-1415. (Pubitemid 43091053)
64. Madec, G. (2008), NEMO, the ocean engine, Note du Pole de Model, 27, Inst. Pierre-Simon Laplace, Paris. [Available at http://www.nemo-ocean. eu/About-NEMO/Reference-manuals].
65. Madhupratap, S. P. K., P. M. A. Bhattathiri, M. D. Kumar, S. Raghukumar, K. K. C. Nair, and N. Ramaiah (1996), Mechanism of the biological response to winter cooling in the northern Arabian Sea, Nature, 384, 549-552.
66. Manghnani, V., J. M. Morrison, T. S. Hopkins, and E. Böhm (1998), Advection of upwelled waters in the form of plumes off Oman during the Southwest Monsoon, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 45, 2027-2052. (Pubitemid 29006858)
67. Marra, J., and R. T. Barber (2005), Primary productivity in the Arabian Sea: A synthesis of JGOFS data, Prog. Oceanogr., 65(2-4), 159-175, doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2005.03.004. (Pubitemid 40743046)
68. Marra, J., T. D. Dickey, C. Ho, C. S. Kinkade, D. E. Sigurdson, R. A. Weller, and R. T. Barber (1998), Variability in primary production as observed from moored sensors in the central Arabian Sea in 1995, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 45(10-11), 2253-2267, doi:10.1016/S0967-0645(98)00070-8. (Pubitemid 29006865)
69. McCreary, J. P., K. E. Kohler, R. R. Hood, and D. B. Olson (1996), A four-component ecosystem model of biological activity in the Arabian Sea, Prog. Oceanogr, 37(3-4), 193-240, doi:10.1016/S0079-6611(96)00005-5.
70. McGillicuddy, D. J., Jr., L. A. Anderson, S. C. Doney, and M. E. Maltrud (2003), Eddy-driven sources and sinks of nutrients in the upper ocean: Results from a 0.1° resolution model of the North Atlantic, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 17(2), 1035, doi:10.1029/2002GB001987.
71. Moffett, J. W., T. J. Goepfert, and S. W. A. Naqvi (2007), Reduced iron associated with secondary nitrite maxima in the Arabian Sea, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 54, 1341-1349. (Pubitemid 47095313)
72. Molines, J.-M., B. Barnier, T. Penduff, L. Brodeau, A.-M. Treguier, S. Theetten, and G. Madec (2006), Definition of the global 1/2° experiment with CORE forcing, ORCA05-G50, Rep. LEGI-DRA-1-11-2006, Lab. des Ecoulements Géophys.et Ind., Grenoble, France.
73. Moore, J. K., S. C. Doney, and K. Lindsay (2004), Upper ocean ecosystem dynamics and iron cycling in a global three-dimensional model, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 18, GB4028, doi:10.1029/2004GB002220. (Pubitemid 40440589)
74. Murtugudde, R. J., P. McCreary, and A. J. Busalacchi (2000), Oceanic processes associated with anomalous events in the Indian Ocean with relevance to 1997-1998, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 3295-3306.
75. Naqvi, S. W. A., H. Yoshinari, T. Naik, D. A. Jayakumar, M. A. Altabet, P. Narvekar, A. Devol, J. A. Brandes, and L. A. Codispoti (1998), Budgetary and biogeochemical implications of N2O isotope signatures in the Arabian Sea, Nature, 394(6692), 462-464. (Pubitemid 28373953)
76. Nurser, A. J. G., and J. W. Zhang (2000), Eddy-induced mixed layer shallowing and mixed layer/thermocline exchange, J. Geophys. Res., 105 (C9), 851-868.
77. Olascoaga, M. J., N. Idrisi, and A. Romanou (2005), Biophysical isopyc-nic-coordinate modelling of plankton dynamics in the Arabian Sea, Ocean Modell, 8, 55-80. (Pubitemid 38994777)
78. Oschlies, A. (2002a), Improved representation of upper ocean dynamics and mixed layer depths in a model of the north atlantic on switching from eddy-permitting to eddy-resolving grid resolution, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 32, 2277-2298. (Pubitemid 35029131)
79. Oschlies, A. (2002b), Can eddies make ocean deserts bloom?, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 16(4), 1106, doi:10.1029/2001GB001830.
80. Pacanowski, R., and A. Gnanadesikan (1998), Transient response in a z-level ocean model that resolves topography with Part Ial cells, Mon. Weather Rev., 126, 3248-3270. (Pubitemid 128585149)
81. Penduff, T., M. Juza, L. Brodeau, G. C. Smith, B. Barnier, J.-M. Molines, and A.-M. Treguier (2009), Impact of model resolution on sea-level variability characteristics at various space and time scales: Insights from four DRAKKAR global simulations and the AVISO altimeter data, Ocean Sci. Discuss., 6, 1-32.
82. Prasanna Kumar, S., and J. Narvekar (2005), Seasonal variability of the mixed layer in the central Arabian Sea and its implication on nutrients and primary productivity, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 52, 1848-1861. (Pubitemid 41242650)
83. Prasanna Kumar, S., N. Ramaiah, M. Gauns, V. V. S. S. Sarma, P. M. Muraleedharan, S. Raghukumar, M. D. Kumar, and M. Madhupratap (2001), Physical forcing of biological productivity in the northern Arabian Sea during the Northeast Monsoon, DeepSea Res., Part II, 48 (6-7), 1115-1126, doi:10.1016/S0967-0645(00)00133-8. (Pubitemid 32232375)
84. Rao, R., R. Molinari, and J. Festa (1989), Evolution of the climatological near-surface thermal structure of the tropical Indian Ocean: 1. Description of mean monthly mixed layer depth, and sea surface temperature, surface current, and surface meteorological fields, J. Geophys. Res., 94, 10,801-10,815.
85. Resplandy, L., M. Lévy, F. d'Ovidio, and L. Merlivat (2009), Impact of submesoscale variability in estimating the air-sea CO2 exchange: Results from a model study of the POMME experiment, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 23, GB1017, doi:10.1029/2008GB003239.
86. Saji, N. H., B. N. Goswami, P. N. Vinayachandran, and T. Yamagata (1999), A dipole mode in the tropical Indian Ocean, Nature, 401, 360-363. (Pubitemid 29454955)
87. Schott, F. A., and J. P. McCreary (2001), The monsoon circulation of the Indian Ocean, Prog. Oceanogr., 51, 1-123. (Pubitemid 34029663)
88. Schott, F. A., J. Fischer, U. Garternicht, and D. Quadfasel (1997), Summer monsoon response of the northern Somali Current, 1995, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 2565-2568.
89. Shankar, D., and S. R. Shetye (1997), On the dynamics of the Lakshadweep high and low in the southeastern Arabian Sea, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 551-562.
90. Shchepetkin, A. F., and J. C. McWilliams (2005), The regional oceanic modeling system (ROMS): A split-explicit, free-surface, topography-following- coordinate oceanic model, Ocean Modell, 9(4), 347-404, doi:10.1016/j.ocemod. 2004.08.002. (Pubitemid 40306754)
91. Smith, S. L., L. A. Codispoti, J. M. Morrison, and R. T. Barber (1998), The 1994-1996 Arabian Sea expedition: An integrated, interdisciplinary investigation of the response of the northwestern Indian Ocean to monsoonal forcing, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 45(10-11), 1905-1915, doi:10.1016/S0967- 0645(98)00058-7. (Pubitemid 29006854)
92. Takahashi, T., W. S. Broecker, and S. Langer (1985), Redfield ratio based on chemical data from isopycnal surfaces, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 6907-6924.
93. Toon, R. K., S. E. Lohrenz, C. E. Rathbun, A. M. Wood, R. A. Arnone, B. H. Jones, J. C. Kindle, and A. D. Weidemann (2000), Photosynthe-sis-irradiance parameters and community structure associated with coastal filaments and adjacent waters in the northern Arabian Sea, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 47(7-8), 1249-1277, doi:10.1016/S0967-0645(99)00143-5. (Pubitemid 30170334)
94. Treguier, A., et al. (2001), An eddy-permitting model of the Atlantic circulation: Evaluating open boundary conditions, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 22,115-22,129.
95. Van Leer, B. (1979), Towards the ultimate conservative difference scheme, V. A second order sequel to Godunov's method, J. Comput. Phys., 32, 101-136.
96. Veldhuis, M. J. W., G. W. Kraay, J. D. L. V. Bleijswijk, and M. A. Baars (1997), Seasonal and spatial variability in phytoplankton biomass, productivity and growth in the northwestern Indian Ocean: The Southwest and Northeast Monsoon, 1992-1993, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 44(3), 425-449, doi:10.1016/S0967- 0637(96)00116-1. (Pubitemid 27185954)
97. Webster, P. J., A. M. Moore, J. P. Loschnigg, and R. R. Leben (1999), Coupled oceanic atmospheric dynamics in the Indian Ocean during 1997-98, Nature, 401, 356-360. (Pubitemid 29454954)
98. Weller, R. A., A. S. Fischer, D. L. Rudnick, C. C. Eriksen, T. D. Dickey, J. Marra, C. Fox, and R. Leben (2002), Moored observations of upper-ocean response to the monsoons in the Arabian Sea during 1994-1995, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 49(12), 2195-2230, doi:10.1016/S0967-0645 (02)00035-8. (Pubitemid 34616895)
99. Wiggert, J. D., B. H. Jones, T. D. Dickey, K. H. Brink, R. A. Weller, J. Marra, and L. A. Codispoti (2000), The Northeast Monsoon's impact on mixing, phytoplankton biomass and nutrient cycling in the Arabian Sea, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 47, 1353-1385. (Pubitemid 30170338)
100. Wiggert, J. D., R. G. Murtugudde, and C. R. McClain (2002), Processes controlling interannual variations in wintertime (Northeast Monsoon) primary productivity in the central Arabian Sea, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 49, 2319-2343. (Pubitemid 34616899)
101. Wiggert, J. D., R. Hood, K. Banse, and J. Kindle (2005), Monsoon-driven biogeochemical processes in the Arabian Sea, Prog. Oceanogr., 65(2-4), 176-213, doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2005.03.008. (Pubitemid 40743047)
102. Wiggert, J. D., R. Murtugudde, and J. Christian (2006), Annual ecosystem variability in the tropical Indian Ocean: Results of a coupled bio-physical ocean general circulation model, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 53, 644-676. (Pubitemid 43866501)
103. Willebrand, J., B. Barnier, C. Böning, C. Dieterich, P. D. Killworth, C. L. Provost, Y. Jia, J.-M. Molines, and A. L. New (2001), Circulation characteristics in three eddy-permitting models of the North Atlantic, Prog. Oceanogr., 48(2-3), 123-161, doi:10.1016/S0079-6611(01)00003-9. (Pubitemid 32540702)
104. Young, D. K., and J. C. Kindle (1994), Physical processes affecting availability of dissolved silicate for diatom production in the Arabian Sea, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 22,619-22,632.
105. Zhang, Y., W. B. Rossow, A. A. Lacis, V. Oinas, and M. I. Mishchenko (2004), Calculation of radiative fluxes from the surface to top of atmosphere based on ISCCP and other global data sets: Refinements of the radiative transfer model and the input data, J. Geophys. Res., 109, D19105, doi:10.1029/ 2003JD004457. (Pubitemid 40005275)