Rhizodeposition of organic C by plant: Mechanisms and controls

Sustainable Agriculture

Volumn , Issue , 2009, Pages 97-123

  Nguyen, Christophe ^a  

^a BORDEAUX SCIENCES AGRO   (France)

Author keywords

Carbon; Rhizodeposition; Rhizosphere; Tracer studies

Indexed keywords

EID: 80655141934     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-2666-8_9     Document Type: Chapter

References (199)

1. Abeysekera R.M., MacCully M.E., The epidermal surface of hte maize root tip. II. Abnormalities in a mutant which grows crookedly through the soil, New Phytol. 125 (1993) 801-811.
2. Bacic A., Moody S.F., McComb J.A., Hinch J.M., Extracellular polysaccharides from shaken liquid cultures of Zea mays, Austr. J. Plant Physiol. 14 (1987) 633-641.
3. Bais H.P., Loyolavargas V.M., Flores H.E., Vivanco J.M., Invited review: root-specific metabolism: the biology and biochemistry of underground organs, in vitro cell. Dev. Plant 37 (2001) 730-741.
4. Baligar V.C., Fageria N.K., ElrashidiM.A., Toxicity and nutrient constraints on root growth, Hortscience 33 (1998) 960-965.
5. Barber D.A., Gunn K.B., The effect of mechanical forces on the exudation of organic substances by the roots of cereal plants grown under sterile conditions, New Phytol. 73 (1974) 39-45.
6. Barber D.A., Martin J.K., The release of organic substances by cereal roots into soil, New Phytol. 76 (1976) 69-80.
7. Barcelo J., Poschenrieder C., Fast root growth responses, root exudates, and internal detoxification as clues to the mechanisms of aluminium toxicity and resistance: a review, Environ. Exp. Bot. 48 (2002) 75-92.
8. Barlow P.W., The root cap, in: Torrey J.G., Clarkson D.T. (Ed).), The Development and Function of Roots. Academic Press, London, 1975, pp. 21-54.
9. Bengough A.G.,McKenzie B.M., Sloughing of root cap cells decreases the frictional resistance to maize (Zea mays L.) root growth, J. Exp. Bot. 48 (1997) 885-893.
10. Benizri E., Dedourge O., Di Battista-Leboeuf C., Nguyen C., Piutti S., Guckert A., Effect of maize rhizodeposits on soil microbial community structure, Appl. Soil Ecol. (2002), 261-265.
11. Billes G., Rouhier H., Bottner P., Modification of the carbon and nitrogen allocations in the plant (Triticum aestivum L.) soil system in response to increased atmospheric CO2 concentration, Plant Soil 157 (1993) 215-225.
12. Blagodatsky S.A., Richter O., Microbial growth in soil and nitrogen turnover: a theoretical model considering the activity state of microorganisms, Soil Biol. Biochem. 30 (1998) 1743-1755.
13. Boeuf-Tremblay V., Plantureux S., Guckert A., Influence of mechanical impedance on root exudation of maize seedlings at two development stages, Plant Soil 172 (1995) 279-287.
14. Bouma T.J., Nielsen K.L., Koutstaal B., Sample preparation and scanning protocol for computerised analysis of root length and diameter, Plant Soil 218 (2000) 185-196.
15. Bowen G.D., Rovira A.D., Are modelling approaches useful in the rhizosphere biology? Modern methods in the study of microbial ecology. Bull. Ecol. Res. Committee, Sweden 17 (1973) 443-450.
16. Bret-Harte M.S., Silk W.K., Fluxes and deposition rates of solutes in growing roots of Zea mays, J. Exp. Bot. 45 (1994) 1733-1742.
17. Brigham L.A., Woo H.H., Hawes M.C., Differential expression of proteins and mRNAs from border cells and root tips of pea, Plant Physiol. 109 (1995) 457-463.
18. Brimecombe M.J., De Leij F.A., Lynch J.M., The effect of root exudates on rhizosphere microbial populations, in: Pinton R., Varini Z., Nannipieri P. (Ed).), Biochemistry and Organic Substances at the Soil-Plant Interface. The Rhizosphere, Biochemistry and Organic Substances at the Soil-Plant Interface. Marcel Dekker, New York, 2000, pp. 95-140.
19. Bush D.R., Chiou T.J., Chen L.S., Molecular analysis of plant sugar and amino acid transporters, J. Exp. Bot. 47 (1996) 1205-1210.
20. Chaboud A., Rougier M., Effect of root density in incubation medium on root exudate composition of axenic maize seedlings, J. Plant Physiol. 137 (1991) 602-606.
21. Chakrabarti A.C., Deamer D.W., Permeability of lipid bilayers to amino acids and phosphates, Biochem. Biophy. Acta 1111 (1992) 171-177.
22. Cheng W., Coleman D.C., Carroll C.R., Hoffman C.A., In situ measurement of root respiration and soluble C concentration in the rhizosphere, Soil Biol. Biochem. 25 (1993) 1189-1196.
23. Clowes F.A.L., Cell production by cap cells, New Phytol. 77 (1976) 399-407.
24. Clowes F.A.L., Wadekar R., Modelling of the root cap of Zea mays L. in relation to temperature, New Phytol. 108 (1988) 259-262.
25. Coody P.N., Sommers L.E., Nelson D.W., Kinetics of glucose uptake by soil microorganisms, Soil Biol. Biochem. 18 (1986) 283-289.
26. Crawford M.C., Grace P.R., Oades J.M., Allocation of carbon to shoots, roots, soil and rhizosphere respiration by barrel medic (Medicago truncatula) before and after defoliation, Plant Soil 227 (2000) 67-75.
27. Crowley D., Function of siderophores in the plant rhizosphere in: Pinton R., Varini Z., Nannipieri P. (Ed).), Biochemistry and Organic Substances at the Soil-Plant Interface. The Rhizosphere, Biochemistry and Organic Substances at the Soil-Plant Interface. Marcel Dekker, New York, 2000, pp. 223-261.
28. Curl E.A., Truelove B., The Rhizosphere, Advanced Series in Agricultural Sciences 15, Springer, Berlin-Heideberg, 1986.
29. Czarnes S., Hallett P.D., Bengough A.G., Young I.M., Root-and microbial-derived mucilages affect soil structure and water transport, Eur. J. Soil Sci. 51(3) (2000) 435-443.
30. Darrah P.R., Models of rhizosphere. I. Microbial population dynamics around a root releasing soluble and insoluble carbon, Plant Soil 133 (1991) 187-199.
31. Darrah P.R., Models of rhizosphere. II. A quasi threedimensional simulation of the microbial population dynamics around a growing root releasing soluble exudates, Plant Soil 138 (1991) 147-158.
32. Dittmer H.J., Root hair variations in plant species, Am. J. Bot. 36 (1949) 152-155.
33. Domanski G., Kuzyakov Y., Siniakina S.V., Stahr K., Carbon flows in the rhizosphere of ryegrass (Lolium perenne), J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci. 164 (2001) 381-387.
34. Dormaar J.F., Sauerbeck D.R., Seasonal effects on photoassimilated carbon-14 in the root system of blue grama and associated soil organic matter, Soil Biol. Biochem. 15 (1983) 475-479.
35. Fan TWM., Lane AN., Shenker M., Bartley JP., Crowley D., Higashi RM, Comprehensive chemical profiling of gramineous plant root exudates using high-resolution NMR and MS, Phytochem. 57 (2001) 209-221.
36. Farrar J.F., Jones D.L., The control of carbon acquisition by roots, New Phytol. 147 (2000) 43-53.
37. Foster R.C., The fine structure of epidermal cell mucilages of roots, New Phytol. 91 (1982) 727-740.
38. Fusseder A., The longevity and activity of the primary root of maize, Plant Soil 101 (1987) 257-265.
39. Gahoonia T.S., Care D., Nielsen N.E., Root hairs and phosphorus acquisition of wheat and barley cultivars, Plant Soil 191 (1997) 181-188.
40. Gaume A., Machler F., De Leon C., Narro L., Frossard E., Low-P tolerance by maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes: significance of root growth and organic acids and acid phosphatase root exudation, Plant Soil 228 (2001) 253-264.
41. Gaume A., Machler F., Frossard E, Aluminum resistance in two cultivars of Zea mays L.: root exudation of organic acids and influence of phosphorus nutrition, Plant Soil 234 (2001) 73-81.
42. Gilroy S., Jones D.L., Through form and function: root hair development and nutrient uptake, Trends Plant Sci. 5 (2000) 56-60.
43. Gorissen A., Kuikman P.J., Van Ginkel J.H., Van de Beek H., Jansen A.G., ESPAS -an advanced phytotron for measuring carbon dynamics in a whole plant-soil system, Plant Soil 179 (1996) 81-87.
44. Grayston SJ, 2000, Rhizodeposition and its impact on microbial community structure and function in trees, Phyton Ann. Rei Bot. A. 40 (2000) 27-36.
45. Grayston S.J., Vaughan D., Jones D., Rhizosphere carbon flow in trees, in comparison with annual plants: the importance of root exudation and its impact on microbial activity and nutrient availability, Appl. Soil Ecol. 5 (1996) 29-56.
46. Gregory P.J., Atwell B.J., The fate of carbon in pulse-labelled crops of barley and wheat, Plant Soil 136 (1991) 205-213.
47. Griffin G.H., Hale M.G., Shay F.J., Nature and quantity of sloughed organic matter produced by roots of axenic plants, Soil Biol. Biochem. 8 (1976) 29-32.
48. Griffiths B.S., Ritz K., Ebblewhite N., Dobson G., Soil microbial community structure: effects of substrate loading rates, Soil Biol. Biochem. 31 (1999) 145-153.
49. Groleau-Renaud V., Plantureux S., Guckert A., Influence of plant morphology on root exudation of maize subjected to mechanical impedance in hydroponic conditions, Plant Soil 201 (1998) 231-239.
50. Guckert A., Breisch H., Reisinger O., Interface sol-racine I. Etude au microscope électronique des relations mucigelargile-microorganismes, Soil Biol. Biochem. 7 (1975) 241-250.
51. Haggquist M.J., Sevnningsson H., Olsson S., Sundin P., Odham, G., Liljenberg C., Long term culturing of plants with aseptic roots. Determination of rape root exudates, Plant Cell Environ. 7 (1984) 549-552.
52. Hale M.G., Moore L.D., Factors affecting root exudation. II: 1970-1978, Adv. Agron. 31 (1979) 93-124.
53. Hawes M.C., Living plant cells released from the root ca: a regulator of microbial populations in the rhizosphere, Plant Soil 129 (1990) 19-27.
54. Hawes M.C., Brigham L.A., Wen F., Woo H.H., Zhu Z., Function of root border cells in plant health: pioneers in the rhizosphere, Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 36 (1998) 311-327.
55. Hawes M.C., Gunawardena U., Miyasaka S., Zhao X., The role of root border cells in plant defense, Trends Plant Sci. 5 (2000) 128-133.
56. Helal H.M., Sauerbeck D.R., Influence of plant roots on C and P metabolism in soil, Plant Soil 76 (1984) 175-182.
57. Helal H.M., Sauerbeck D.R., Effect of plant roots on carbon metabolism of soilmicrobial biomass, Z. PflanzenernAhr. Bodenk. 149 (1986) 181-188.
58. Helal H.M., Sauerbeck D.R., Carbon turnover in the rhizosphere, Z. PflanzenernAhr. Bodenk. 152 (1989) 211-216.
59. Henry C.M., Deacon J.W., Natural (non-pathogenic) death of the cortex of wheat and barley seminal roots, as evidenced by nuclear staining with acridine orange, Plant Soil 60 (1981) 255-274.
60. Henry F., Nguyen C., Paterson E., Sim A., Robin C., How does nitrogen availability alter rhizodeposition in Lolium multiflorum Lam. during vegetative growth? Plant Soil 269 (2005) 181-191.
61. Hodge A., Paterson E., Thornton B.,Millard P., Effects of photon flux density on carbon partitioning and rhizosphere carbon flow of Lolium perenne, J. Exp. Bot. 315 (1997) 1797-1805.
62. Hofer R.M., Root hairs, in: Waisel Y., Eshel A., Kafkafi U. (Ed).), Plant Roots: The Hidden Half, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1991, pp. 129-148.
63. Hagberg M.N., Hagberg P., Extramatrical ectomycorrhizal mycelium contributes one-third of microbial biomass and produces, together with associated roots, half the dissolved organic carbon in a forest soil, New Phytol. 154 (2002) 791-795.
64. Holden J., Use of nuclear staining to assess rates of cell death in cortices of cereal roots, Soil Biol. Biochem. 7 (1975) 333-334.
65. Holland J.N., Cheng W.X., Crossley D.A., Herbivore-induced changes in plant carbon allocation: assessment of belowground C fluxes using carbon-14, Oecologia 107 (1996) 87-94.
66. Iijima M., Griffiths B., Bengouch A.G., Sloughing of cap cells and carbon exudation from maize seedling roots in compacted sand, New Phytol. 145 (2000) 477-482.
67. Jenny H., Grossenbacher K., Root-soil boundary zones as seen in the electron microscope, Proc. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. 27 (1963) 273-277.
68. Jensen B., Rhizodeposition by 14CO2 pulse-labelled spring barley grown in small field plots on sandy loam, Soil Biol. Biochem. 25 (1993) 1553-1559.
69. Johansson G., Release of organic C from growing roots of meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis L.), Soil Biol. Biochem. 24 (1992a) 427-433.
70. Johansson G., Below-ground carbon distribution in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) with and without nitrogen fertilization, Plant Soil 144 (1992b) 93-99.
71. Johansson G., Carbon distribution in grass (Festuca pratensis L.) during regrowth after cutting -utilization of stored and newly assimilated carbon, Plant Soil 151 (1993) 11-20.
72. Johnson D., Leake J.R., Ostle N., Ineson P., Read D.J., In situ (CO2/-C-13 pulse-labelling of upland grassland demonstrates a rapid pathway of carbon flux from arbuscular mycorrhizal mycelia to the soil, New Phytol. 153 (2002) 327-334.
73. Jones D.L., Organic acids in the rhizosphere -a critical review, Plant Soil 205 (1998) 25-44.
74. Jones D.L., Amino acid biodegradation and its potential effects on organic nitrogen capture by plants, Soil Biol. Biochem. 31 (1999) 613-622.
75. Jones D.L., Darrah P.R., Re-sorption of organic compounds by roots of Zea mays L. and its consequences in the rhizosphere II. Experimental and model evidence for simultaneous exudation and re-sorption of compounds, Plant Soil 153 (1993) 47-49.
76. Jones D.L., Darrah P.R., Amino-acid influx at the soil-root interface of Zea mays L. and its implications in the rhizosphere, Plant Soil 163 (1994) 1-12.
77. Jones D.L., Darrah P.R., Role of root exudates in plant nutrient acquisition in low input agricultural systems, Agrofor. forum 7 (1996) 1-3.
78. Jones D.L., Darrah P.R., Re-sorption of organic compounds by roots of Zea mays L. and its consequences in the rhizosphere. III. Characteristics of sugar influx and efflux, Plant Soil 178 (1996) 153-160.
79. Jungk A., Root hairs and the acquisition of plant nutrients from soil, J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci. 164 (2001) 121-129.
80. Kaye J.P., Hart S.C., Competition for nitrogen between plants and soil microorganisms, Trends Ecol. Evol. 12 (1997) 139-143.
81. Keith H., Oades J.M., Martin J.K., Input of carbon to soil from wheat plants, Soil Biol. Biochem. 18 (1986) 445-449.
82. Kisselle K.W., Garrett C.J., Fu S., Hendrix P.F., Crossley D.A., Coleman D.C., Potter R.L., Budgets for root-derived C and litter-derived C: comparison between conventional tillage and no tillage soils, Soil Biol. Biochem. 33 (2001) 1067-1075.
83. Knee E.M., Gong F.C., Gao M.S., Teplitski M., Jones A.R., Foxworthy A., Mort A.J., Bauer W.D., Root mucilage from pea and its utilization by rhizosphere bacteria as a sole carbon source, Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. 14 (2001) 775-784.
84. Kraffczyk I., Trolldeiner G., Beringer H., Soluble root exudates of maize: influence of potassium supply and rhizosphere microorganisms, Soil Biol. Biochem. 16 (1984) 315-322.
85. Krasil'nikov N.A., Soil microorganisms and higher plants, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Moscow 1958.
86. Translated in Israel by Dr. Y. Halperin. Published for the National Science Foundation, Washington, DC and the Department of Agriculture, USA by the Israel Program for Scientific Translations (1961). Online, available at http://www.ibiblio.org/soilandhealth/01aglibrary/010112Krasil/010112krasil.toc. html (verified on March 11, 2003).
87. Kuzyakov Y., Domanski G., Carbon input by plants into the soil. Review, J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci. 163 (2000) 421-431.
88. Kuzyakov Y., Kretzschmar A., Stahr K., Contribution of Lolium perenne rhizodeposition to carbon turnover of pasture soil, Plant Soil 213 (1999) 127-136.
89. Lambers H., Growth, respiration, exudation and symbiotic associations: the fate of carbon translocated to the roots, in: Gregory P.J., Lake J.V., Rose D.A. (Ed).), Root Development and Function. Soc. Exp. Biol. Seminar Ser. 30, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1987, pp. 124-145.
90. Leake J.R., Donnelly D.P., Saunders E.M., Boddy L., Read D.J., Rates and quantities of carbon flux to ectomycorrhizal mycelium following C-14 pulse labeling of Pinus sylvestris seedlings: effects of litter patches and interaction with a wood-decomposer fungus, Tree Physiol. 21 (2001) 71-82.
91. Lee K.J., Gaskins M.H., Increased root exudation of 14Ccompounds by sorghum seedlings inoculated with nitrogenfixing bacteria, Plant Soil 69 (1982) 391-399.
92. Liljeroth E., Kuikman P., van Veen J.A., Carbon translocation to the rhizosphere of maize and wheat and influence on the turnover of native soil organic matter at different soil nitrogen levels, Plant Soil 161 (1994) 233-240.
93. Lynch M.A., Staehelin L.A., Immunocytochemical localization of cell wall polysaccharides in the root tip of Avena sativa, Protoplasma 188 (1995) 115-127.
94. Ma J.F., Ryan P.R., Delhaize E., Aluminium tolerance in plants and the complexing role of organic acids, Trends Plant Sci. 6 (2001) 273-278.
95. Ma Z., Bielenberg D.G., Brown K.M., Lynch J.P., Regulation of root hair density by phosphorus availability in Arabidopsis thaliana, Plant Cell Environ. 24 (2001) 459-467.
96. Martens R., Contribution of rhizodeposits to the maintenance and growth of soil microbial biomass, Soil Biol. Biochem. 22 (1990) 141-147.
97. Martin J.K., Factors influencing the loss of organic carbon from wheat roots, Soil Biol. Biochem. 9 (1977) 1-7.
98. Martin J.K., Kemp J.R., Carbon loss from roots of wheat cultivars, Soil Biol. Biochem. 12 (1980) 551-554.
99. Mary B., Fresneau C., Morel J.L., Mariotti A., C and N cycling during decomposition of root mucilage, roots and glucose in soil, Soil Biol. Biochem. 25 (1993) 1005-1014.
100. Masucci J.D., Rerie W.G., Foreman D.R., Zhang M., Galway M.E., Marks M.D., Schiefelbein J.W., The homeobox gene GLABRA 2 is required for position-dependent cell differentiation in the root epidermis of Arabidopsis thaliana, Development 122 (1996) 1253-1260.
101. McCully M.E., Roots in soil: unearthing the complexities of roots and their rhizospheres, Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 50 (1999) 695-718.
102. McCully M.E., Boyer J.S., The expansion of maize root-cap mucilage during hydration. 3. Changes in water potential and water content, Physiol. Plantarum 99 (1997) 169-177.
103. McCully M.E., Canny M.J., Localization of translocated 14C in roots and exudates of field grown maize, Physiol. Plantarum 65 (1985) 380-392.
104. McCully M.E., Sealey L.J., The expansion of maize root-cap mucilage during hydration. 2. Observations on soil-grown roots by cryo-scanning electron microscopy, Physiol. Plantarum 97 (1996) 454-462.
105. McDougall B.M., Rovira A.D., Sites of exudation of 14Clabelled compounds from wheat roots, New Phytol. 69 (1970) 999-1003.
106. McLeod R.D., Cap formation during the elongation of lateral roots of Vicia faba L., Ann. Bot. 40 (1976) 877-885.
107. Meharg A.A., A critical review of labelling techniques used to quantify rhizosphere carbon flow, Plant Soil 166 (1994) 55-62.
108. Meharg A.A., Killham K., Distribution of assimilated carbon within the plant and rhizosphere of Lolium Perenne: influence of temperature, Soil Biol. Biochem. 21 (1989) 487-489.
109. Meharg A.A, Killham K., The effect of soil pH on rhizosphere carbon flow of Lolium perenne, Plant Soil 123 (1990a) 1-7.
110. Meharg A.A, Killham K., Carbon distribution within the plant and rhizosphere in laboratory and field-grown Lolium perenne at different stages of development, Soil Biol. Biochem. 22 (1990b) 471-477.
111. Meharg A.A., Killham K., Carbon distribution within the plant and rhizosphere of Lolium perenne subjected to anaerobic soil conditions, Soil Biol. Biochem. 22 (1990c) 643-647.
112. Meharg A.A, Killham K., A novel method of quantifying root exudation in the presence of soil microflora, Plant Soil 133 (1991) 111-116.
113. Merckx R., den Hartog A., Van Veen J.A., Turnover of rootderived material and related microbial biomass formation in soils of different texture, Soil Biol. Biochem. 17 (1985) 565-569.
114. Merckx R., Van Ginkel J.H., Sinnaeve J., Cremers A., Plantinduced changes in the rhizosphere of maize and wheat I. Production and turnover of root-derived material in the rhizosphere of maize and wheat, Plant Soil 96 (1986) 85-93.
115. Merckx R., Dijkstra A., den Hartog A., Van Veen J.A., Production of root derived material and associated microbial growth in soil at different nutrient levels, Biol. Fertil. Soils 5 (1987) 126-132.
116. Michael G., The control of root hair formation: suggested mechanisms, J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci. 164 (2001) 111-119.
117. Mikan C.J., Zak D.R., Kubiske M.E., Pregitzer K.S., Combined effects of atmospheric CO2 and N availability on the belowground carbon and nitrogen dynamics of aspen mesocosms, Oecologia 124 (2000) 432-445.
118. Miki N.K., Clarke K.J., McCully M.E., A histological and histochemical comparison of the mucilages on the root tips of several grasses, Can. J. Bot. 58 (1980) 2581-2593.
119. Miller S.S., Liu J.Q., Allan D.L., Menzhuber C.J., Fedorova M., Vance, C.P., Molecular control of acid phosphatase secretion into the rhizosphere of proteoid roots from phosphorusstressed white lupin, Plant Physiol. 127 (2001) 594-606.
120. Miyasaka S.C., HawesM.C., Possible role of root border cells in detection and avoidance of aluminium toxicity, Plant Physiol. 125 (2001) 1978-1987.
121. Morel J.L., Mench M., Guckert A., Measurement of Pb2C; Cu2C and Cd2C binding with mucilage exudates from maize (Zea mays L.) roots, Biol. Fertil. Soils 2 (1986) 29-34.
122. Morgan J.A.W., Whipps J.M.,Methodological approaches to the study of carbon flow and microbial population dynamics, in: Pinton R., Varini Z., Nannipieri P. (Ed).), Biochemistry and Organic Substances at the Soil-Plant Interface, Marcel Dekker, New York, 2000, pp. 373-409.
123. Morre D.J., Jones D.D., Mollenhauer H.H., Golgi apparatus mediated polysaccharide secretion by outer root cap cells of Zea mays. 1. Kinetics and secretory pathway, Planta 74 (1967) 286-301.
124. Nehls U., Hampp R, Carbon allocation in ectomycorrhizas, Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 57 (2000) 95-100.
125. Neumann G, Martinoia E., Cluster roots -an underground adaptation for survival in extreme environments, Trends Plant Sci. 7 (2002) 162-167.
126. Neumann G., Ramheld V., The release of root exudates as affected by the plant's physiological status, in: Pinton R., Varini Z., Nannipieri P. (Ed).), Biochemistry and Organic Substances at the Soil-Plant Interface. The Rhizosphere, Biochemistry and Organic Substances at the Soil-Plant Interface. Marcel Dekker, New York, 2000, pp. 41-93.
127. Newman E.I., The rhizosphere: carbon sources and microbial populations, in: Fitter A.H. (Ed).), Ecological Interactions in Soils, Blackwell, London, 1985, pp. 107-121.
128. Newman E.I., Watson A., Microbial abundance in the rhizosphere: a computer model, Plant Soil 48 (1977) 17-56.
129. Nguyen C., Guckert A., Short-term utilisation of 14C-[U]glucose by soil microorganisms in relation to carbon availability, Soil Biol. Biochem. 33 (2001) 53-60.
130. Nguyen C., Henry F., A 14C-glucose assay to compare microbial activity between rhizosphere soil samples, Biol. Fertil. Soils 35 (2002) 270-276.
131. Oades J.M., Mucilages at the root surface, J. Soil Sci. 29 (1978) 1-16.
132. Owen A.G., Jones D.L., Competition for amino acids between wheat roots and rhizosphere microorganisms and the role of amino acids in plant N acquisition, Soil Biol. Biochem. 33 (2001) 651-657.
133. Palta J.A., Gregory P.J., Drought affects the fluxes of carbon to roots and soil in C-13 pulse-labelled plants of wheat, Soil Biol. Biochem. 29 (1997) 1395-1403.
134. Paterson E., Rattray E.A.S., Killham K., Effect of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration on c-partitioning and rhizosphere c-flow for three plant species, Soil Biol. Biochem. 28 (1996) 195-201.
135. Paterson E., Hodge A., Thornton B.,Millard P., Killham K., Carbon partitioning and rhizosphere C-flow in Lolium perenne as affected by CO2 concentration, irradiance and below-ground conditions, Glob. Change Biol. 5 (1999) 669-678.
136. Paterson E., Sim A., Effect of nitrogen supply and defoliation on loss of organic compounds from roots of Festuca rubra, J. Exp. Bot. 51 (2000) 1449-1457.
137. Paull R.E., Jones R.L., Studies on the secretion of maize root cap slime. II Localization of slime production, Plant Physiol. 56 (1975) 307-312.
138. Paull R.E., Johnson C.M., Russell L.J., Studies on the secretion of maize root cap slime. I. Some properties of the secreted polymer, Plant Physiol. 56 (1975) 300-306.
139. Peterson L.R., Farquhar M.L., Root hairs: specialized tubular cells extending root surfaces, Bot. Rev. 62 (1996) 1-40.
140. Pinior A., Wyss U., Piche Y, Vierheilig H., Plants colonized by AM fungi regulate further root colonization by AM fungi through altered root exudation, Can. J. Bot. 77 (1999) 891-897.
141. Prikryl Z., Vancura V., Root exudates of plants. VI. Wheat root exudation as dependent on growth, concentration gradient of exudates and the presence of bacteria, Plant Soil 57 (1980) 69-83.
142. Pritchard S.G., Rogers H.H., Prior S.A., Peterson C.M., Elevated CO2 and plant structure: a review, Glob. Change Biol. 5 (1999) 807-837.
143. Rattray E.A.S., Paterson A., Killham K., Characterisation of the dynamics of C-partitioning within Lolium perenne and to the rhizosphere microbial biomass using 14C pulse chase, Biol. Fertil. Soils 19 (1995) 280-286.
144. Read D.B., Gregory P.J., Surface tension and viscosity of axenic maize and lupin root mucilages, New Phytol. 4 (1997) 623-628.
145. Reid O.P.P., Kidd F.A., Ekwebelam S.A., Nitrogen nutrition, photosynthesis and carbon allocation in ectomycorrhizal pine, Plant Soil 71 (1983) 415-431.
146. Rogers H.H., Runion G.B., Krupa S.V., Plant responses to atmospheric CO2 enrichment with emphasis on roots and the rhizosphere, Environ. Pollut. 83 (1994) 155-189.
147. Rougier M., Secretory activity of the root cap, in: Tanner, B.W., Loewus F.A. (Ed).), Extracellular Carbohydrates, Encyclopedia of Plant Physiol., New Series. Plant Carbohydrates II, Vol. 13, Springer, Berlin, 1981, pp. 542-574.
148. Rouhier H., Billes G., Billes L., Bottner P., Carbon fluxes in the rhizosphere of sweet chestnut seedlings (Castanea sativa) grown under two atmospheric CO2 concentrations: C-14 partitioning after pulse labelling, Plant Soil 180 (1996) 101-111.
149. Rovira A.D., Plant root exudates, Bot. Rev. 35 (1969) 35-57.
150. Rovira A.D., Foster R.C., Martin J.K., Note on terminology: origin, nature and nomenclature of the organic materials in the rhizosphere, in: Harley J.L., Russell R.S. (Ed).), The Soil Root Interface, Academic Press, London, 1979, pp. 1-4.
151. Samsevitch S.A., Active excretions of plant roots and their significance, Translated from Fiziologiya Rastenii 12 (1965) 837-846.
152. Schiefelbein J., Constructing a plant cell. The genetic control of root hair development, Plant Physiol. 124 (2000) 1525-1531.
153. Schlesinger W.H., Andrews J.A., Soil respiration and the global carbon cycle, Biogeochemistry 48 (2000) 7-20.
154. Schobert C., Kackenberger W., Komor E., Uptake of amino acids by plants from the soil: a comparative study with castor bean seedling grown under natural and axenic soil conditions, Plant Soil 109 (1988) 181-188.
155. Schobert C., Komor E., Amino acid uptake by Ricinus communis roots: characterization and physiological significance, Plant Cell Environ. 10 (1987) 493-500.
156. Sealey L.J.,McCully M.E., Canny M.J., The expansion of maize root-cap mucilage during hydration. 1. Kinetics, Physiol. Plantarum 93 (1995) 38-46.
157. Shamoot S., McDonald L., Bartholomew W.V., Rhizodeposition of organic debris in soil, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Pro. 32 (1968) 817-820.
158. Shepherd T., Davies H.V., Carbon loss from the roots of forage rape (Brassica napus L.) seedlings following pulse labelling with 14CO2, Ann. Bot. 72 (1993) 155-163.
159. Sievers A., HenselW., Root cap, in:Waisel Y., Eshel A., Kafkafi U. (Ed).), Plant Roots: The Hidden Half, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1991, pp. 11-37.
160. Soderberg K.H., Baath E., Bacterial activity along a young barley root measured by the thymidine and leucine incorporation techniques, Soil Biol. Biochem. 30 (1998) 1259-1268.
161. Soldal T., Nissen P., Multiphasic uptake of amino acids by barley roots, Physiol. Plantarum 43 (1978) 181-188.
162. Sollins P., Homann P., Caldwell B.A., Stabilization and destabilization of soil organic matter: mechanisms and controls, Geoderma 74 (1996) 65-105.
163. Sun Y.P., Unestam T., Lucas S.D., Johanson K.J., Kenne L., Finlay R., Exudation-reabsorption in a mycorrhizal fungus, the dynamic interface for interaction with soil and soil microorganisms, Mycorrhiza 9 (1999) 137-144.
164. Swinnen J., Van Veen J.A., Merckx R., Losses of 14C from roots of pulse-labelled wheat and barley during washing from soil, Plant Soil 166 (1994) 93-99.
165. Swinnen J., Van Veen J.A., Merckx R., 14C pulse-labeling of field-grown spring wheat: an evaluation of its use in rhizosphere carbon budget estimations, Soil Biol. Biochem. 26 (1994) 161-170.
166. Swinnen J., Van Veen J.A., Merckx R., Rhizosphere carbon fluxes in field-grown spring wheat: model calculations based on 14C partitioning after pulse-labeling, Soil Biol. Biochem. 26 (1994) 171-182.
167. Swinnen J., Van Veen J.A., Merckx R., Carbon fluxes in the rhizosphere of winter wheat and spring barley with conventional vs integrated farming, Soil Biol. Biochem. 26 (1995) 811-820.
168. Toal M.E., Yeomans C., Killham K., Meharg A.A., A review of rhizosphere carbon flow modelling, Plant Soil 222 (2000) 263-281.
169. Todorovic C., Nguyen C., Robin C., Guckert A., Root andmicrobial involvement in the kinetics of 14C-partitioning to rhizosphere respiration after a pulse labelling of maize assimilates, Plant Soil 228 (2001) 179-189.
170. Todorovic C., Nguyen C., Robin C., Guckert A., 14C-assimilate partitioning within white clover plant-soil system: effects of photoperiod/temperature treatments and defoliation, Eur. J. Agron. 11 (1999) 13-21.
171. Traore O., Groleau-Renaud V., Plantureux S., Tubeileh A., Boeuf-Tremblay V., Effect of root mucilage and modelled root exudates on soil structure, Eur. J. Soil Sci. 51 (2000) 575-581.
172. Van Ginkel J.H., Gorissen A., Van Veen J.A., Carbon and nitrogen allocation in Lolium perenne in response to elevated atmospheric CO2 with emphasis on soil carbon dynamics, Plant Soil 188 (1997) 299-308.
173. Vancura V., Prikryl Z., Kalachova L., Wurst M., Some quantitative aspects of root exudation, in: Lohm U., Persson T. (Ed)), Soil Organisms as Components of Ecosystems, Ecological Bulletin, Swedish Natural Science Research Council, 25, Stockohlm, 1977, pp. 381-386.
174. Varney G.T., McCully M.E., The branch roots of Zea. II. Developmental loss of the apical meristem in fied-grown roots, New Phytol. 118 (1991) 535-546.
175. Vermeer J., McCully M.E., The rhizosphere in Zea: new insight into its structure and development, Planta 156 (1982) 45-61.
176. Vinolas L.C., Healey J.R., Jones D.L., Kinetics of soil microbial uptake of free amino acids, Biol. Fertil. Soils 33 (2001) 67-74.
177. VonWiren N., Marschner H., Ramheld V., Roots of iron efficient maize also absorb phytosiderophore-chelated zinc, Plant Physiol. 111 (1996) 1119-1125.
178. Warembourg F.R., Billès G., Estimating carbon transfers in the plant rhizosphere., in: Harley J.L., Russell R.S. (Ed).), The Soil Root Interface, Academic Press, London, 1979, pp. 183-196.
179. Warembourg F., Estelrich H.D., Towards a better understanding of carbon flow in the rhizosphere: a time dependent approach using carbon-14, Biol. Fertil. Soils 30 (2000) 528-534.
180. Warembourg F.R., Estelrich H.D., Plant phenology and soil fertility effects on below-ground carbon allocation for an annual (Bromus madritensis) and a perennial (Bromus erectus) grass species, Soil Biol. Biochem. 33 (2001) 1291-1303.
181. Warembourg F.R., Kummerow J., Photosynthesis/translocation studies in terrestrial ecosystems, in: Coleman D.C., Fry B. (Ed).), Carbon Isotope Techniques, Chapter 2, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1991 pp. 11-37.
182. Watt M., McCully M.E., Jeffree C.E., Plant and bacterial mucilages of the maize rhizosphere: comparison of their soil binding properties and histochemistry in a model system, Plant Soil 151 (1993) 151-165.
183. Watt M., McCully M.E., Canny M.J., Formation and stabilization of rhizosheath of Zea mays L. Effect of soil water content, Physiol. Plantarum 106 (1994) 179-186.
184. Wen F., Hawes M.C., Effect of pectin methylesterase gene expression on pea root development, Plant Cell 11 (1999) 1129-1140.
185. Wenzel C.L., McCully M.E., Early senescence of cortical cells in the roots of cereals, How good is the evidence? Am. J. Bot. 78 (1991) 1528-1541.
186. Werker E., KislevM., Mucilage on the root surface and root hairs of Sorghum: heterogeneity in structure, manner of production and site of accumulation, Ann. Bot. 42 (1978) 809-816.
187. Werner D., Organic signals between plants and microorganisms, in: Pinton R., Varini Z., Nannipieri P. (Ed).), Biochemistry and Organic Substances at the Soil-Plant Interface. The Rhizosphere, Biochemistry and Organic Substances at the Soil-Plant Interface. Marcel Dekker, New York, 2000, pp. 197-222.
188. Whipps J.M., Environmental factors affecting the loss of carbon from the roots of wheat and barley seedlings, J. Exp. Bot. 35 (1984) 767-773.
189. Whipps J.M., Effect of CO2 concentration on growth, carbon distribution and loss of carbon from the roots of maize, J. Exp. Bot. 36 (1985) 644-651.
190. Whipps J.M., Carbon economy, in: Lynch J.M. (Ed).,The Rhizosphere, Wiley, Chichester, 1990, pp. 59-97.
191. Whipps J.M., Lynch J.M., Substrate flow and utilization in the rhizosphere of cereals, New Phytol. 95 (1983) 605-623.
192. Whipps J.M., Carbon loss from the roots of tomato and pea seedlings grown
193. Wu B.Y., Nara K., Hogetsu T., Spatiotemporal transfer of carbon-14-labelled photosynthate from ectomycorrhizal Pinus densiflora seedlings to extraradical mycelia, Mycorrhiza 12 (2002) 83-88.
194. Wulfsohn D., Nyengaard J.R., Gundersen H.J.G., Cutler A.J., Squires T.M., Non-destructive, stereological estimation of plant root lengths, branching pattern and diameter distribution, Plant Soil 214 (1999) 15-26.
195. Xia J., Saglio P.H., Characterisation of the hexose transport system in maize root tips, Plant Physiol. 88 (1988) 1015-1020.
196. Zagal E., Carbon distribution and nitrogen partitioning in a soilplant system with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and rape (Brassica napus L.) grown in a 14CO2 atmosphere, Plant Soil 166 (1994)63-74.
197. Zak D.R., Pregitzer K.S., King J.S., Holmes W.E., Elevated atmospheric CO2, fine roots and the response of soil microorganisms: a review and hypothesis, New Phytol. 147 (2000) 201-222.
198. Zhao X.W.,Misaghi I.J., Hawes M.C., Stimulation of border cell production in response to increased carbon dioxide levels, Plant Physiol. 122 (2000) 181-188.
199. Zhao X.W., Schmitt M., Hawes M.C., Species-dependent effects of border cell and root tip exudates on nematode behaviour, Phytopathology 90 (2000) 1239-1245.