Division of labor between lateral and ventral extrastriate representations of faces, bodies, and objects

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

Volumn 23, Issue 12, 2011, Pages 4122-4137

  Taylor, John C ^a   Downing, Paul E ^b  

^a BANGOR UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b BANGOR UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADAPTATION; BRAIN FUNCTION; BRAIN REGION; DISCRIMINATION LEARNING; EXPERIENCE; EXTRASTRIATE BODY AREA; FACE ASYMMETRY; FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; FUSIFORM FACE AREA; HUMAN; LATERAL EXTRATRIATE; NEUROANATOMY; NEUROIMAGING; OCCIPITAL CORTEX; OCCIPITOTEMPORAL CORTEX; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; TEMPORAL CORTEX; TIME; VENTRAL EXTRASTRIATE; VISUAL SYSTEM FUNCTION;

ANIMALS; BRAIN MAPPING; FACE; HUMANS; OCCIPITAL LOBE; PATTERN RECOGNITION, VISUAL; PHOTIC STIMULATION; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC; TEMPORAL LOBE;

EID: 80055116299     PISSN: 0898929X     EISSN: 15308898     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00091     Document Type: Review

References (179)

1. Aflalo, T. N., & Graziano, M. S. (2011). Organization of the macaque extrastriate visual cortex re-examined using the principle of spatial continuity of function. Journal ofNeurophysiology, 105, 305-320.
2. Aguirre, G. K., Zarahn, E., & D'Esposito, M. (1998). An area within human ventral cortex sensitive to "building" stimuli: Evidence and implications. Neuron, 21, 373-383.
3. Allison, T., Puce, A., Spencer, D., & McCarthy, G. (1999). Electrophysiological studies of human face perception. I: Potentials generated in occipito-temporal cortex by face and non-face stimuli. Cerebral Cortex, 9, 415-430.
4. Amedi, A., Malach, R., Hendler, T., Peled, S., & Zohary, E. (2001). Visuo-haptic object-related activation in the ventral visual pathway. Nature Neuroscience, 4, 324-330.
5. Andrews, T., & Ewbank, M. (2004). Distinct representations for facial identity and changeable aspects of faces in the human temporal lobe. Neuroimage, 23, 905-913.
6. Andrews, T., & Schluppeck, D. (2004). Neural responses to Mooney images reveal a modular representation of faces in human visual cortex. Neuroimage, 21, 91-98.
7. Andrews, T. J., Davies-Thompson, J., Kingstone, A., & Young, A. W. (2010). Internal and external features of the face are represented holistically in face-selective regions of visual cortex. Journal of Neuroscience, 30, 3544-3552.
8. Avidan, G., Hasson, U., Malach, R., & Behrmann, M. (2005). Detailed exploration of face-related processing in congenital prosopagnosia: 2. Functional neuroimaging findings. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 17, 1150-1167.
9. Bar, M., Tootell, R., Schacter, D., Greve, D., Fischl, B., Mendola, J., et al. (2001). Cortical mechanisms specific to explicit visual object recognition. Neuron, 29, 529-535.
10. Barton, J. J. S. (2008). Structure and function in acquired prosopagnosia: Lessons from a series of 10 patients with brain damage. Journal of Neuropsychology, 2, 197-225.
11. Beauchamp, M., Lee, K., Haxby, J., & Martin, A. (2002). Parallel visual motion processing streams for manipulable objects and human movements. Neuron, 34, 11.
12. Bell, A. H., Hadj-Bouziane, F., Frihauf, J. B., Tootell, R. B. H., & Ungerleider, L. G. (2009). Object representations in the temporal cortex of monkeys and humans as revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging. Journal of Neurophysiology, 101, 688-700.
13. Betts, L. R., & Wilson, H. R. (2010). Heterogeneous structure in face-selective human occipito-temporal cortex. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 22, 2276-2288.
14. Biederman, I., & Cooper, E. E. (1991). Evidence for complete translational and reflectional invariance in visual object priming. Perception, 20, 585-593.
15. Bouvier, S. E., & Engel, S. A. (2006). Behavioral deficits and cortical damage loci in cerebral achromatopsia. Cerebral Cortex, 16, 183-191.
16. Bracci, S., Ietswaart, M., Peelen, M. V., & Cavina-Pratesi, C. (2010). Dissociable neural responses to hands and non-hand body parts in human left extrastriate visual cortex. Journal of Neurophysiology, 103, 3389-3397.
17. Brandman, T., & Yovel, G. (2010). The body inversion effect is mediated by face-selective, not body-selective, mechanisms. Journal of Neuroscience, 30, 10534-10540.
18. Buckner, R. L., Goodman, J., Burock, M., Rotte, M., Koutstaal, W., Schacter, D., et al. (1998). Functional-anatomic correlates of object priming in humans revealed by rapid presentation event-related fMRI. Neuron, 20, 285-296.
19. Busigny, T., & Rossion, B. (2010). Acquired prosopagnosia abolishes the face inversion effect. Cortex, 46, 965-981.
20. Caldera, R., & Seghier, M. L. (2009). The fusiform face area responds automatically to statistical regularities optimal for face categorization. Human Brain Mapping, 30, 1615-1625.
21. Chan, A. W.-Y., Kravitz, D. J., Truong, S., Arizpe, J., & Baker, C. I. (2010). Cortical representations of bodies and faces are strongest in commonly experienced configurations. Nature Neuroscience, 13, 417-418.
22. Chouinard, P. A., Whitwell, R. L., & Goodale, M. A. (2009). The lateral-occipital and the inferior-frontal cortex play different roles during the naming of visually presented objects. Human Brain Mapping, 30, 3851-3864.
23. Cook, R., & Duchaine, B. (2011). A look at how we look at others: Orientation inversion and photographic negation disrupt the perception of human bodies. Visual Cognition, 19, 445-468.
24. Costantini, M., Urgesi, C., Galati, G., Romani, G. L., & Aglioti, S. M. (2011). Haptic perception and body representation in lateral and medial occipito-temporal cortices. Neuropsychologia, 49, 821-829.
25. Cross, E. S., Mackie, E. C., Wolford, G., & de C. Hamilton, A. F. (2010). Contorted and ordinary body postures in the human brain. Experimental Brain Research, 204, 397-407.
26. Davies-Thompson, J., Gouws, A., & Andrews, T. J. (2009). An image-dependent representation of familiar and unfamiliar faces in the human ventral stream. Neuropsychologia, 47, 1627-1635.
27. DeYoe, E., Carman, G., Bandettini, P., Glickman, S., Wieser, J., Cox, R., et al. (1996). Mapping striate and extrastriate visual areas in human cerebral cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA., 93, 2382-2386.
28. Dolan, R. J., Fink, G. R., Rolls, E., Booth, M., Holmes, A., Frackowiak, R. S. J., et al. (1997). How the brain learns to see objects and faces in an impoverished context. Nature, 389, 596-599.
29. Downing, P. E., Chan, A. W.-Y., Peelen, M. V., Dodds, C. M., & Kanwisher, N. G. (2006). Domain specificity in visual cortex. Cerebral Cortex, 16, 1453-1461.
30. Downing, P. E., Jiang, Y., Shuman, M., & Kanwisher, N. (2001). A cortical area selective for visual processing of the human body. Science, 293, 2470-2473.
31. Downing, P. E., & Peelen, M. V. (in press). The role of occipitotemporal body-selective regions in person perception. Cognitive Neuroscience, doi:10.1080/17588928.2011.582945.
32. Downing, P. E., Wiggett, A. J., & Peelen, M. V. (2007). Functional magnetic resonance imaging investigation of overlapping lateral occipitotemporal activations using multivoxel pattern analysis. Journal of Neuroscience, 27, 226-233.
33. Drucker, D. M., & Aguirre, G. K. (2009). Different spatial scales of shape similarity in ventral LOC. Cerebral Cortex, 19, 2269-2280.
34. Edelman, S., Grill-Spector, K., Kushnir, T., & Malach, R. (1998). Toward direct visualization of the internal shape representation space by fMRI. Psychobiology, 26, 309-321.
35. Eger, E., Kell, C. A., & Kleinschmidt, A. (2008). Graded size sensitivity of object-exemplar-evoked activity patterns within human LOC subregions. Journal of Neurophysiology, 100, 2038-2047.
36. Engel, S. A., Glover, G. H., & Wandell, B. A. (1997). Retinotopic organization in human visual cortex and the spatial precision of functional MRI. Cerebral Cortex, 7, 181-192.
37. Epstein, R., Higgins, J., Parker, W., Aguirre, G., & Cooperman, S. (2006). Cortical correlates of face and scene inversion: A comparison. Neuropsychologia, 44, 1145-1158.
38. Epstein, R., & Kanwisher, N. (1998). A cortical representation of the local visual environment. Nature, 392, 598-601.
39. Epstein, R. A. (2008). Parahippocampal and retrosplenial contributions to human spatial navigation. Trends in Cognitive Science, 12, 388-396.
40. Ewbank, M. P., & Andrews, T. J. (2008). Differential sensitivity for viewpoint between familiar and unfamiliar faces in human visual cortex. Neuroimage, 40, 1857-1870.
41. Ewbank, M. P., Lawson, R. P., Henson, R. N., Rowe, J. B., Passamonti, L., & Calder, A. J. (2011). Changes in "top-down" connectivity underlie repetition suppression in the ventral visual pathway. Journal of Neuroscience, 31, 5635-5642.
42. Fairhall, S. L., & Ishai, A. (2007). Effective connectivity within the distributed cortical network for face perception. Cerebral Cortex, 17, 2400-2406.
43. Fang, F., Murray, S. O., & He, S. (2007). Duration-dependent fMRI adaptation and distributed viewer-centered face representation in human visual cortex. Cerebral Cortex, 17, 1402-1411.
44. Friston, K. J., Harrison, L., & Penny, W. (2003). Dynamic causal modelling. Neuroimage, 19, 1273-1302.
45. Gauthier, I., Skudlarski, P., Gore, J., & Anderson, A. (2000). Expertise for cars and birds recruits brain areas involved in face recognition. Nature Neuroscience, 3, 191-197.
46. Gauthier, I., Tarr, M. J., Moylan, J., Skudlarski, P., Gore, J. C., & Anderson, A. W. (2000). The fusiform "face area" is part of a network that processes faces at the individual level. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 12, 495-504.
47. Gilaie-Dotan, S., & Malach, R. (2007). Sub-exemplar shape tuning in human face-related areas. Cerebral Cortex, 17, 325-338.
48. Gillebert, C. R., Op de Beeck, H. P., Panis, S., & Wagemans, J. (2009). Subordinate categorization enhances the neural selectivity in human object-selective cortex for fine shape differences. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 21, 1054-1064.
49. Goesaert, E., & Op de Beeck, H. P. (2010). Continuous mapping of the cortical object vision pathway using traveling waves in object space. Neuroimage, 49, 3248-3256.
50. Golarai, G., Ghahremani, D. G., Whitfield-Gabrieli, S., Reiss, A., Eberhardt, J. L., Gabrieli, J. D. E., et al. (2007). Differential development of high-level visual cortex correlates with category-specific recognition memory. Nature Neuroscience, 10, 512-522.
51. Graziano, M. S., & Gross, C. G. (1998). Spatial maps for the control of movement. Current Opinion Neurobiology, 8, 195-201.
52. Grill-Spector, K., Knouf, N., & Kanwisher, N. (2004). The fusiform face area subserves face perception, not generic within-category identification. Nature Neuroscience, 7, 555-562.
53. Grill-Spector, K., Kourtzi, Z., & Kanwisher, N. (2001). The lateral occipital complex and its role in object recognition. Vision Research, 41, 1409-1422.
54. Grill-Spector, K., Kushnir, T., Edelman, S., Avidan, G., Itzchak, Y., & Malach, R. (1999). Differential processing of objects under various viewing conditions in the human lateral occipital complex. Neuron, 24, 187-203.
55. Grill-Spector, K., Kushnir, T., Hendler, T., Edelman, S., Itzchak, Y., & Malach, R. (1998). A sequence of object-processing stages revealed by fMRI in the human occipital lobe. Human Brain Mapping, 6, 316-328.
56. Grill-Spector, K., Kushnir, T., & Malach, T. H. R. (2000). The dynamics of object-selective activation correlate with recognition performance in humans. Nature Neuroscience, 3, 7.
57. Grill-Spector, K., & Malach, R. (2001). fMR-adaptation: A tool for studying the functional properties of human cortical neurons. Acta Psychologicaogia, 107, 293-321
58. Gross, C. G., Rocha-Miranda, C. E., & Bender, D. B. (1972). Visual properties of neurons in inferotemporal cortex of the macaque. Journal of Neurophysiology, 35, 96-111.
59. Halgren, E., Dale, A. M., Sereno, M. I., Tootell, R. B., Marinkovic, K., & Rosen, B. R. (1999). Location of human face-selective cortex with respect to retinotopic areas. Human Brain Mapping, 7, 29-37.
60. Harley, E. M., Pope, W. B., Villablanca, J. P., Mumford, J., Suh, R., Mazziotta, J. C., et al. (2009). Engagement of fusiform cortex and disengagement of lateral occipital cortex in the acquisition of radiological expertise. Cerebral Cortex, 19, 2746-2754.
61. Harnad, S. R. (1990). Categorical perception: The groundwork of cognition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
62. Harris, A., & Aguirre, G. K. (2008). The representation of parts and wholes in face-selective cortex. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 20, 863-878.
63. Harris, A., & Aguirre, G. K. (2010). Neural tuning for face wholes and parts in human fusiform gyrus revealed by fMRI adaptation. Journal of Neurophysiology, 104, 336-345.
64. Hasson, U., Harel, M., Levy, I., & Malach, R. (2003). Large-scale mirror-symmetry organization of human occipito-temporal object areas. Neuron, 37, 1027-1041.
65. Hasson, U., Hendler, T., Ben Bashat, D., & Malach, R. (2001). Vase or face? Neural correlate of shape-selective processes in the human brain. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 13, 744-753.
66. Haushofer, J., Livingstone, M. S., & Kanwisher, N. (2008). Multivariate patterns in object-selective cortex dissociate perceptual and physical shape similarity. PLoS Biology, 6, 1459-1467.
67. Haxby, J., Hoffman, E., & Gobbini, M. (2000). The distributed human neural system for face perception. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4, 223-233.
68. Haxby, J., Ungerleider, L., Clark, V., Schouten, J., Hoffman, E., & Martin, A. (1999). The effect of face inversion on activity in human neural systems for face and object perception. Neuron, 22, 189-199.
69. Haxby, J. V., Gobbini, M. I., Furey, M. L., Ishai, A., Schouten, J. L., & Pietrini, P. (2001). Distributed and overlapping representations of faces and objects in ventral temporal cortex. Science, 293, 2425-2430.
70. Haynes, J.-D., & Rees, G. (2006). Decodingmental states from brain activity in humans. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 7, 523-534.
71. Hemond, C. C., Kanwisher, N. G., Op de Beeck, H. P., & Ferrari, P. (2007). A preference for contralateral stimuli in human object- and face-selective cortex. PLoS ONE, 2, e574.
72. Henson, R. N., Shallice, T., & Dolan, R. J. (2000). Neuroimaging evidence for dissociable forms of repetition priming. Science, 287, 1269-1272.
73. Hesselmann, G., Kell, C. A., Eger, E., & Kleinschmidt, A. (2008). Spontaneous local variations in ongoing neural activity bias perceptual decisions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA., 105, 10984-10989.
74. Hodzic, A., Kaas, A., Muckli, L., Stirn, A., & Singer, W. (2009). Distinct cortical networks for the detection and identification of human body. Neuroimage, 45, 1264-1271.
75. Hodzic, A., Muckli, L., Singer, W., & Stirn, A. (2009). Cortical responses to self and others. Human Brain Mapping, 30, 951-962.
76. James, T., Culham, J., Humphrey, G., Milner, A., & Goodale, M. (2003). Ventral occipital lesions impair object recognition but not object-directed grasping: An fMRI study. Brain, 126, 2463-2475.
77. James, T. W., Humphrey, G. K., Gati, J. S., Servos, P., Menon, R. S., & Goodale, M. A. (2002). Haptic study of three-dimensional objects activates extrastriate visual areas. Neuropsychologia, 40, 1706-1714.
78. Kamitani, Y., & Tong, F. (2006). Decoding seen and attended motion directions from activity in the human visual cortex. Current Biology, 16, 1-16.
79. Kanwisher, N., McDermott, J., & Chun, M. (1997). The fusiform face area: A module in human extrastriate cortex specialized for face perception. Journal of Neuroscience, 17, 4302-4311.
80. Kanwisher, N., Woods, R. P., Iacoboni, M., & Mazziotta, J. C. (1997). A locus in human extrastriate cortex for visual shape analysis. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 9, 133-142.
81. Kanwisher, N., & Yovel, G. (2006). The fusiform face area: A cortical region specialized for the perception of faces. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B, Biological Sciences, 361, 2109-2128.
82. Kanwisher, N. G., Tong, F., & Nakayama, K. (1998). The effect of face inversion on the human fusiform face area. Cognition, 68, 1-11.
83. Karnath, H.-O., Ruter, J., Mandler, A., & Himmelbach, M. (2009). The anatomy of object recognition-visual form agnosia caused by medial occipitotemporal stroke. Journal of Neuroscience, 29, 5854-5862.
84. Kitada, R., Johnsrude, I. S., Kochiyama, T., & Lederman, S. J. (2009). Functional specialization and convergence in the occipito-temporal cortex supporting haptic and visual identification of human faces and body parts: An fMRI study. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 21, 2027-2045.
85. Kourtzi, Z. (2010). Visual learning for perceptual and categorical decisions in the human brain. Vision Research, 50, 433-440.
86. Kourtzi, Z., Erb, M., Grodd, W., & Bulthoff, H. (2003). Representation of the perceived 3-D object shape in the human lateral occipital complex. Cerebral Cortex, 13, 911-920.
87. Kourtzi, Z., & Kanwisher, N. (2000). Cortical regions involved in perceiving object shape. Journal of Neuroscience, 20, 3310-3318.
88. Kourtzi, Z., & Kanwisher, N. G. (2001). Representation of perceived object shape by the human lateral occipital complex. Science, 293, 1506-1509.
89. Kovacs, G., Cziraki, C., Vidnyanszky, Z., Schweinberger, S., & Greenlee, M. (2008). Position-specific and position-invariant face aftereffects reflect the adaptation of different cortical areas. Neuroimage, 43, 156-164.
90. Kravitz, D. J., Kriegeskorte, N., & Baker, C. I. (2010). High-level visual object representations are constrained by position. Cerebral Cortex, 20, 2916-2925.
91. Kravitz, D. J., Vinson, L. D., & Baker, C. I. (2008). How position dependent is visual objet recognition. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 12, 114-122.
92. Kriegeskorte, N., Goebel, R., & Bandettini, P. (2006). Information-based functional brain mapping. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA., 103, 3863-3868.
93. Kriegeskorte, N., Mur, M., Ruff, D. A., Kiani, R., Bodurka, J., Esteky, H., et al. (2008). Matching categorical object representations in inferior temporal cortex of man and monkey. Neuron, 60, 1126-1141.
94. Large, M. E., Cavina-Pratesi, C., Vilis, T., & Culham, J. C. (2008). The neural correlates of change detection in the face perception network. Neuropsychologia, 46, 2169-2176.
95. Larsson, J., & Heeger, D. J. (2006). Two retinotopic visual areas in human lateral occipital cortex. Journal of Neuroscience, 26, 13128-13142.
96. Leopold, D. A., O'Toole, A. J., Vetter, T., & Blanz, V. (2001). Prototype-referenced shape encoding revealed by high-level aftereffects. Nature Neuroscience, 4, 89-94.
97. Lerner, Y., Epshtein, B., Ullman, S., & Malach, R. (2008). Class information predicts activation by object fragments in human object areas. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 20, 1189-1206
98. Lerner, Y., Hendler, T., Ben-Bashat, D., Harel, M., & Malach, R. (2001). A hierarchical axis of processing in the human visual cortex. Cerebral Cortex, 11, 287-297.
99. Lerner, Y., Hendler, T., & Malach, R. (2002). Object-completion effects in the human lateral occipital complex. Cerebral Cortex, 12, 163-177.
100. Levy, I., Hasson, U., Avidan, G., Hendler, T., & Malach, R. (2001). Center-periphery organization of human object areas. Nature Neuroscience, 4, 533-539.
101. Li, J., Liu, J., Liang, J., Zhang, H., Zhao, J., Rieth, C. A., et al. (2010). Effective connectivities of cortical regions for top-down face processing: A dynamic causal modeling study. Brain Research, 1340, 40-51.
102. Liu, J., Harris, A., & Kanwisher, N. (2010). Perception of face parts and face configurations: An fMRI study. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 22, 203-211.
103. Loffler, G., Yourganov, G., Wilkinson, F., & Wilson, H. R. (2005). fMRI evidence for the neural representation of faces. Nature Neuroscience, 8, 1386-1390.
104. Mahon, B. Z., Anzellotti, S., Schwarzbach, J., Zampini, M., & Caramazza, A. (2009). Category-specific organization in the human brain does not require visual experience. Neuron, 63, 397-405.
105. Mahon, B. Z., & Caramazza, A. (2011). What drives the organization of object knowledge in the brain? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 15, 97-103.
106. Malach, R., Levy, I., & Hasson, U. (2002). The topography of high-order human object areas. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 6, 176-184.
107. Malach, R., Reppas, J., Benson, R., Kwong, K. K., Jiang, H., Kennedy, W. A., et al. (1995). Object-related activity revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging in human occipital cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA., 92, 8135-8139.
108. Martin, A. (2007). The representation of object concepts in the brain. Annual Review of Psychology, 58, 25-45.
109. Mazard, A., Schiltz, C., & Rossion, B. (2006). Recovery from adaptation to facial identity is larger for upright than inverted faces in the human occipito-temporal cortex. Neuropsychologia, 44, 912-922.
110. McKeeff, T. J., & Tong, F. (2007). The timing of perceptual decisions for ambiguous face stimuli in the human ventral visual cortex. Cerebral Cortex, 17, 669-678.
111. McKone, E., Kanwisher, N. G., & Duchaine, B. C. (2007). Can generic expertise explain special processing for faces? Trends in Cognitive Sciences (Regul Ed), 11, 8-15.
112. Medina, J., & Coslett, H. B. (2010). From maps to form to space: Touch and the body schema. Neuropsychologia, 48, 645-654.
113. Minnebusch, D. A., & Daum, I. (2009). Neuropsychological mechanisms of visual face and body perception. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 33, 1133-1144.
114. Mooney, C. M. (1957). Age in the development of closure ability in children. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 11, 219-226.
115. Moro, V., Urgesi, C., Pernigo, S., Lanteri, P., Pazzaglia, M., & Aglioti, S. M. (2008). The neural basis of body form and body action agnosia. Neuron, 60, 235-246.
116. Mukamel, R. (2004). Enhanced temporal non-linearities in human object-related occipito-temporal cortex. Cerebral Cortex, 14, 575-585.
117. Nestor, A., Vettel, J. M., & Tarr, M. J. (2008). Task-specific codes for face recognition: How they shape the neural representation of features for detection and individuation. PLoS ONE, 3, e3978.
118. Norman, K. A., Polyn, S. M., Detre, G. J., & Haxby, J. V. (2006). Beyond mind-reading: Multivoxel pattern analysis of fMRI data. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 10, 424-430.
119. Oosterhof, N. N., Wiggett, A. J., Diedrichsen, J., Tipper, S. P., & Downing, P. E. (2010). Surface-based information mapping reveals crossmodal vision-action representations in human parietal and occipitotemporal cortex. Journal of Neurophysiology, 104, 1077-1089.
120. Op de Beeck, H. P. (in press). The role of categories, features, and learning for the representation of visual object similarity in the human brain. In G. Kreiman & N. Kriegeskorte (Eds.), Understanding visual population codes. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
121. Op de Beeck, H. P., & Baker, C. I. (2010). The neural basis of visual object learning. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 14, 22-30.
122. Op de Beeck, H. P., Baker, C. I., Dicarlo, J. J., & Kanwisher, N. G. (2006). Discrimination training alters object representations in human extrastriate cortex. Journal of Neuroscience, 26, 13025-13036.
123. Op de Beeck, H. P., Haushofer, J., & Kanwisher, N. G. (2008). Interpreting fMRI data: Maps, modules and dimensions. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 9, 123-135.
124. Op de Beeck, H. P., Torfs, K., & Wagemans, J. (2008). Perceived shape similarity among unfamiliar objects and the organisation of the human object vision pathway. Journal of Neuroscience, 28, 10111-10123.
125. Panis, S., Wagemans, J., & Op de Beeck, H. P. (2011). Dynamic norm-based encoding for unfamiliar shapes in human visual cortex. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 23, 1829-1843.
126. Park, S., & Chun, M. M. (2009). Different roles of the parahippocampal place area (PPA) and retrosplenial cortex (RSC) in panoramic scene perception. Neuroimage, 47, 1747-1756.
127. Peelen, M., Wiggett, A., & Downing, P. (2006). Patterns of fMRI activity dissociate overlapping functional brain areas that respond to biological motion. Neuron, 49, 815-822.
128. Peelen, M. V., & Downing, P. E. (2005). Selectivity for the human body in the fusiform gyrus. Journal of Neurophysiology, 93, 603-608.
129. Peelen, M. V., & Downing, P. E. (2007a). The neural basis of visual body perception. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 8, 636-648.
130. Peelen, M. V., & Downing, P. E. (2007b). Using multivoxel pattern analysis of fMRI data to interpret overlapping functional activations. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 11, 4-5.
131. Peelen, M. V., Glaser, B., Vuilleumier, P., & Eliez, S. (2009). Differential development of selectivity for faces and bodies in the fusiform gyrus. Developmental Science, 12, F16-F25.
132. Pelphrey, K. A., Lopez, J., & Morris, J. P. (2009). Developmental continuity and change in responses to social and nonsocial categories in human extrastriate visual cortex. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 3, 25.
133. Pitcher, D., Charles, L., Devlin, J. T., Walsh, V., & Duchaine, B. (2009). Triple dissociation of faces, bodies, and objects in extrastriate cortex. Current Biology, 19, 319-324.
134. Pitcher, D., Walsh, V., & Duchaine, B. (2011). The role of the occipital face area in the cortical face perception network. Experimental Brain Research, 209, 481-493.
135. Pitcher, D., Walsh, V., Yovel, G., & Duchaine, B. C. (2007). TMS evidence for the involvement of the right occipital face area in early face processing. Current Biology, 17, 1568-1573.
136. Pourtois, G., Peelen, M., Spinelli, L., Seeck, M., & Vuilleumier, P. (2007). Direct intracranial recording of body-selective responses in human extrastriate visual cortex. Neuropsychologia, 45, 2621-2625.
137. Puce, A., Allison, T., Asgari, M., Gore, J. C., & McCarthy, G. (1996). Differential sensitivity of human visual cortex to faces, letterstrings, and textures: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Journal of Neuroscience, 16, 5205-5215.
138. Reed, C. L., Stone, V. E., Bozova, S., & Tanaka, J. W. (2003). The body-inversion effect. Psychological Science, 14, 302-308.
139. Reed, C. L., Stone, V. E., Grubb, J. D., & Mcgoldrick, J. E. (2006). Turning configural processing upside down: Part and whole body postures. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 32, 73-87.
140. Rhodes, G. (1985). Lateralized processes in face perception. British Journal of Psychology, 76, 249-271.
141. Rhodes, G., Michie, P. T., Hughes, M. E., & Byatt, G. (2009). The fusiform face area and occipital face area show sensitivity to spatial relations in faces. European Journal of Neuroscience, 30, 721-733.
142. Rossion, B. (2008). Constraining the cortical face network by neuroimaging studies of acquired prosopagnosia. Neuroimage, 40, 423-426.
143. Rossion, B., Caldara, R., Seghier, M., Schuller, A.-M., Lazeyras, F., & Mayer, E. (2003). A network of occipito temporal face sensitive areas besides the right middle fusiform gyrus is necessary for normal face processing. Brain, 126, 15.
144. Rotshtein, P., Henson, R. N. A., Treves, A., Driver, J., & Dolan, R. J. (2005). Morphing Marilyn into Maggie dissociates physical and identity face representations in the brain. Nature Neuroscience, 8, 107-113.
145. Rotshtein, P., Vuilleumier, P., Winston, J. S., Driver, J., & Dolan, R. J. (2007). Distinct and convergent visual processing of high and low spatial frequency information in faces. Cerebral Cortex, 17, 2713-2724.
146. Sawamura, H., Orban, G. A., & Vogels, R. (2006). Selectivity of neuronal adaptation does not match response selectivity: A single-cell study of the fMRI adaptation paradigm. Neuron, 49, 307-318.
147. Schiltz, C., Dricot, L., Goebel, R., & Rossion, B. (2010). Holistic perception of individual faces in the right middle fusiform gyrus as evidenced by the composite face illusion. Journal of Vision, 10, 1-16.
148. Schiltz, C., & Rossion, B. (2006). Faces are represented holistically in the human occipito-temporal cortex. Neuroimage, 32, 1385-1394.
149. Schwarzlose, R. F., Baker, C. I., & Kanwisher, N. (2005). Separate face and body selectivity on the fusiform gyrus. Journal of Neuroscience, 25, 11055-11059.
150. Schwarzlose, R. F., Swisher, J. D., Dang, S., & Kanwisher, N. (2008). The distribution of category and location information across object-selective regions in human visual cortex. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA., 105, 4448-4452.
151. Sereno, M. I., Dale, A. M., Reppas, J. B., Kwong, K. K., Belliveau, J. W., Brady, T. J., et al. (1995). Borders of multiple visual areas in humans revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging. Science, 268, 889-893.
152. Silvanto, J., Schwarzkopf, D. S., Gilaie-Dotan, S., & Rees, G. (2010). Differing causal roles for lateral occipital cortex and occipital face area in invariant shape recognition. European Journal of Neuroscience, 32, 165-171.
153. Steeves, J., Culham, J., Duchaine, B., Pratesi, C., Valyear, K., Schindler, I., et al. (2006). The fusiform face area is not sufficient for face recognition: Evidence from a patient with dense prosopagnosia and no occipital face area. Neuropsychologia, 44, 594-609.
154. Stokes, M., Thompson, R., Cusack, R., & Duncan, J. (2009). Top-down activation of shape-specific population codes in visual cortex during mental imagery. Journal of Neuroscience, 29, 1565-1572.
155. Summerfield, C., Enger, T., Mangels, J., & Hirsch, J. (2006). Mistaking a house for a face: Neural correlates of misperception in healthy humans. Cerebral Cortex, 16, 500-508.
156. Talairach, J., & Tournoux, P. (1988). Co-planar stereotaxic atlas of the human brain. New York: Thieme.
157. Taylor, J. C., Wiggett, A. J., & Downing, P. E. (2007). Functional MRI analysis of body and body part representations in the extrastriate and fusiform body areas. Journal of Neurophysiology, 98, 1626-1633.
158. Taylor, J. C., Wiggett, A. J., & Downing, P. E. (2010). fMRI-adaptation studies of viewpoint tuning in the extrastriate and fusiform body areas. Journal of Neurophysiology, 103, 1467-1477.
159. Thomas, C., Avidan, G., Humphreys, K., Jung, K. J., Gao, F., & Behrmann, M. (2009). Reduced structural connectivity, in ventral visual cortex in congenital prosopagnosia. Nature Neuroscience, 12, 29-31.
160. Tong, F., Nakayama, K., Moscovitch, M., Weinrib, O., & Kanwisher, N. (2000). Response properties of the human fusiform face area. Cognitive Neuropsychology, 17, 257-280.
161. Tsao, D. Y., Freiwald, W. A., Tootell, R. B., & Livingstone, M. S. (2006). A cortical region consisting entirely of face-selective cells. Science, 311, 670-674.
162. Ullman, S. (2007). Object recognition and segmentation by a fragment-based hierarchy. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 11, 58-64.
163. Urgesi, C., Berlucchi, G., & Aglioti, S. M. (2004). Magnetic stimulation of extrastriate body area impairs visual processing of nonfacial body parts. Current Biology, 14, 2130-2134.
164. Urgesi, C., Calvo-Merino, B., Haggard, P., & Aglioti, S. M. (2007). Transcranial magnetic stimulation reveals two cortical pathways for visual body processing. Journal of Neuroscience, 27, 8023-8030.
165. Vocks, S., Busch, M., Gronemeyer, D., Schulte, D., Herpertz, S., & Suchan, B. (2010). Differential neuronal responses to the self and others in the extrastriate body area and the fusiform body area. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 10, 422-429.
166. Weiner, K. S., & Grill-Spector, K. (2010). Sparsely-distributed organization of face and limb activations in human ventral temporal cortex. Neuroimage, 52, 1559-1573.
167. Weiner, K. S., & Grill-Spector, K. (2011). Not one extrastriate body area: Using anatomical landmarks, hMT+, and visual field maps to parcellate limb-selective activations in human lateral occipitotemporal cortex. Neuroimage, 56, 2183-2199.
168. Wiggett, A. J., Pritchard, I. C., & Downing, P. E. (2009). Animate and inanimate objects in human visual cortex: Evidence for task-independent category effects. Neuropsychologia, 47, 3111-3117.
169. Willems, R. M., Peelen, M. V., & Hagoort, P. (2010). Cerebral lateralization of face-selective and body-selective visual areas depends on handedness. Cerebral Cortex, 20, 1719-1725.
170. Williams, M. A., Dang, S., & Kanwisher, N. G. (2007). Only some spatial patterns of fMRI response are read out in task performance. Nature Neuroscience, 10, 685-686.
171. Wilson, H. R., Loffler, G., & Wilkinson, F. (2002). Synthetic faces, face cubes, and the geometry of face space. Vision Research, 42, 2909-2923.
172. Xu, Y. (2005). Revisiting the role of the fusiform face area in visual expertise. Cerebral Cortex, 15, 1234-1242.
173. Yin, C., Shimojo, S., Moore, C., & Engel, S. (2002). Dynamic shape integration in extrastriate cortex. Current Biology, 12, 1379-1385.
174. Yin, R. K. (1969). Looking at upside-down faces. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 81, 141-145.
175. Young, A. W., Hellawell, D., & Hay, D. C. (1987). Configurational information in face perception. Perception, 16, 747-759.
176. Yovel, G., & Kanwisher, N. (2004). Face perception: Domain specific not process specific. Neuron, 44, 889-898.
177. Yovel, G., & Kanwisher, N. (2005). The neural basis of the behavioral face-inversion effect. Current Biology, 15, 2256-2262.
178. Yovel, G., Pelc, T., & Lubetzky, I. (2010). It's all in your head: Why is the body inversion effect abolished for headless bodies? Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 36, 759-767.
179. Zhang, H. C., Liu, J. G., Huber, D. E., Rieth, C. A., Tian, J., & Lee, K. (2008). Detecting faces in pure noise images: A functional MRI study on top-down perception. NeuroReport, 19, 229-293.