Microsatellite variability reveals high genetic diversity and low genetic differentiation in a critical giant panda population

Current Zoology

Volumn 57, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 717-724

  Yang, Jiandong ^a,b   Zhang, Zhihe ^b   Shen, Fujun ^b   Yang, Xuyu ^c   Zhang, Liang ^b   Chen, Limin ^d   Zhang, Wenping ^b   Zhu, Qing ^a   Hou, Rong ^b  

^a SICHUAN AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY   (China)

^b CHENGDU RESEARCH BASE OF GIANT PANDA BREEDING   (China)

^c Sichuan Forestry Department   (China)

^d Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve   (China)

Author keywords

Ailuropoda melanoleuca; Genetic differentiation; Genetic diversity; Microsatellite; Tangjiahe Nature Reserve

Indexed keywords

AILUROPODA; AILUROPODA MELANOLEUCA;

EID: 80055106402     PISSN: 16745507     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/czoolo/57.6.717     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Beaumont MA, Bruford MW, 1999. Microsatellites in conservation genetics. In: Goldstein DB, Schlotterer C ed. Microsatellites: Evolution and Applications. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 165-182.
2. Bellemain E, Swenson JE, Tallmon D, Brunberg S, Taberlet P, 2005. Estimating population size of elusive animals with DNA from hunter-collected feces: Four methods for brown bears. Conserv. Biol. 19: 150-161.
3. Cronin MA, Amstrup SC, Talbot S, Sage K, Amstrup KS, 2009. Genetic variation and relatedness of polar bears Ursus maritimus in the Beaufort Sea, Alaska. J. Hered. 100: 681-690.
4. Earl DA, 2011. Structure Harvester v0.6.4 Available at http://users.soe.ucsc.edu/~dearl/software/ struct_harvest/ (accessed INSERT_DATE).
5. Excoffier L, Laval G, Schneider S, 2005. Arlequin ver. 3.0: An integrated software package for population genetics data analysis. Evol. Bioinform. Online 1: 47-50.
6. Evanno G, Regnaut S, Goudet J. 2005. Detecting the number of clusters of individuals using the software STRUCTURE: A simulation study. Mol. Ecol. 14: 2611-2620.
7. Fang SG, Feng WH, Zhang AJ, Chen HW, Yu JQ. *et al., 1997. The research on genetic diversity of the giant panda. In: Chengdu Zoo and Chengdu Research Base for Giant Panda Breeding ed. Proceeding of the International Symposium on the Protection of the Giant Panda Ailuropoda melanoleuca, Chengdu, China 1997. Chengdu: Sichuan Publishing House of Science and Technology, 141-147.
8. Frankham R, Ballou JD, Briscoe D, 2002. Introduction to Coservation Genetics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
9. Glaubitz JC, 2004. Convert: A user-friendly program to reformat diploid genotypic data for commonly used population genetic software packages. Mol. Ecol. Notes 4: 309-310.
10. Goossens B, Chikhi L, Jalil MF, Ancrenaz M, Lackman-ancrenaz I. *et al., 2005. Patterns of genetic diversity and migration in increasingly fragmented and declining orang-utan Pongo pygmaeus. Mol. Ecol. 14: 441-456.
11. Goudet J, 2001. FSTAT, a program to estimate and test gene diversities and fixation indices (version 2.9.3). Available from http:// www.unil.ch/izea/softwares/fstat.html. Updated from Goudet J (1995) FSTAT v-1.2. A computer program to calculate F-statistics. J. Hered. 86: 485-486.
12. He W, Ling L, Shen FJ, Zhang WP, Zhang ZH. *et al., 2008. Genetic diversities of the giant panda Ailuropoda melanoleuca in Wanglang and Baoxing Nature Reserves. Conserv. Genet. 9: 1541-1546.
13. Hu J, Li YH, Hu JC, Yu XY, 2003. Population ofgiant panda in Qingchuan county, Sichuan. Sichuan Journal of Zoology 22: 46-48 (In Chinese with English abstract).
14. Hu JC, 2001. Research on the Giant Panda. Shanghai: Shanghai Publishing House of Science and Technology.
15. Hu JC, 2005. A report of the comprehensive survey on Tangjiahe Nature Reserve in Sichuan, China. Chengdu: Sichuan Publishing House of Science and Technology.
16. Hu YB, Zhang XJ, Qi DW, Wei FW, 2010. Spatial genetic structure and dispersal of giant pandas on a mountain-range scale. Conserv. Gent. 11: 2145-2155.
17. Jarne P, Lagoda PJ, 1996. Microsatellites, from molecules to populations and back. Trends Ecol. Evol. 11: 424-429.
18. Lewis PO, Zaykin D, 2002. Genetic Data Analysis: Computer program for the analysis of allelic data. Version 1.1. Available: http://lewis.eeb.uconn.edu/lewishome/.
19. Liu JG, Linderman M, Ouyang ZY, An L, Yang J. *et al., 2001. Ecological degradation in protected areas: The case of Wolong nature reserve for giant pandas. Science 292: 98-101.
20. Loucks CJ, Lu Z, Dinerstein E, Wang H, Olson DM. *et al., 2001. Giant pandas in a changing landscape. Science 294: 1465.
21. Lü Z, Johnson WE, Menotti-Raymond M, Yuhki N, Martenson JS. *et al., 2001. Patterns of genetic diversity in remaining giant panda populations. Conserv. Biol. 15: 1596-1607.
22. Marshall TC, Slate J, Kruuk L, Pemberton JM, 1998. Statistical confidence for likelihood-based paternity inference in natural populations. Mol. Ecol. 7: 639-655.
23. Martinez-cruz B, Godoy JA, Negro JJ, 2007. Population fragmentation leads to spatial and temporal genetic structure in the endangered Spanish imperial eagle. Mol. Ecol. 16: 477-486.
24. O'Brien SJ, Pan WS, Lu Z, 1994. Pandas, people and policy. Nature 369: 179-180.
25. Pan WS, Lu Z, Zhu XJ, Wang DJ, Wang H. *et al., 2001. A chance for lasting survival. Beijing: Peking University Press.
26. Pimm SL, Raven P, 2000. Biodiversity: Extinction by numbers. Nature 403: 843-845.
27. Pompanon F, Bonin A, Bellemain E, Taberlet P, 2005. Genotyping errors: Causes, consequences and solutions. Nat. Rev. Genet. 6: 847-859.
28. Pritchard JK, Stephens M, Donnelly P, 2000. Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data. Genetics 155: 945-959. Software available:http://pritch.bsd.uchicago.edu/ software.
29. Raymond M, Rousset F, 1995. GENEPOP (version 1.2): Population genetics software for exact tests and ecumenicism. J. Hered. 86: 248-249.
30. Schaller GB, Hu JC, Pan WS, Zhu J, 1985. The Giant Panda of Wolong. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
31. Shen FJ, Watts PC, He W, Zhang ZH, Zhang AJ. *et al., 2007. Di-, tri-and teranucleotide microsatellite loci for the giant panda, Ailuropoda melanoleuca. Mol. Ecol. Notes 7: 1268-1270.
32. Shen FJ, Zhang ZH, He W, Yue BS, Zhang AJ. *et al., 2009. Microsatellite variability reveals the necessity for genetic input from wild giant pandas Ailuropoda melanoleuca into the captive population. Mol. Ecol. 18: 1061-1070.
33. State Forestry Administration, 2006. The Thrid National Survey Report on Giant Panda in China. Beijing: Science Press.
34. Su B, Shi L, He G, Zhang A, Song Y. *et al., 1994. Genetic diversity in the giant panda: Evidence from protein electrophoresis. Chinese Sci. Bull. 39: 1305-1309.
35. Taberlet P, Griffin S, Goossens B, Questiau S, Manceau V. *et al., 1996. Reliable genotyping of samples with very low DNA quantities using PCR. Nucleic. Acids Res. 24: 3189-3194.
36. Valière N, 2002. Gimlet: A computer program for analyzing genetic individual identification data. Mol. Ecol. Notes, 2: 377-379.
37. Van Oosterhout C, Hutchinson WF, Wills DPM, Shipley P, 2004. Software for identifying and correcting genotype errors in microsatellite data. Mol. Ecol. Notes 4: 535-53.
38. Wan QH, Fang SG, Li JG, Zhang LM, Ou WF. *et al., 2005. A family net of giant pandas in the Tangjiahe Natural Reserve: Assessment of current individual migration. Chinese Sci. Bull. 50: 1879-1886.
39. Wei FW, Feng ZJ, Wang ZW, Hu JC, 2000. Habitat use and separation between the giant panda and the red panda. J. Mammal. 81: 448-455.
40. Wright S, 1978. Evolution and the Genetics of Population Variability within and among Natural Populations, Vol. IV. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press.
41. Xu X, Lin L, Zhang ZH, Shen FJ, Zhang L. *et al., 2008. A reliable, non-invasive PCR method for giant panda Ailuropoda melanoleuca sex identification. Conserv. Genet. 9: 739-741.
42. Yan X, 2005. Status, challenge and prospect of wild giant pandas. Acta Theriol. Sin. 25: 402-406 (In Chinese with English abstract).
43. Yong YG, Wei FW, Ye X, Zhang Z, Li Y, 2004. Mating behaviors of wild giant pandas in Foping Natural Reserve. Acta Theriol. Sin. 24: 346-349 (In Chinese with English abstract).
44. Young AG, Clark GM, 2000. Genetics, demography, and viability of fragmented populations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
45. Zhan XJ, Li M, Zhang ZJ, Goossens B, Chen YP. *et al., 2006. Molecular censusing doubles giant panda population estimate in a key nature reserve. Curr. Biol. 16: 451-452.
46. Zhan XJ, Zhang ZJ, Wu H, Goossens B, Li M. *et al., 2007. Molecular analysis of dispersal in giant pandas. Mol. Ecol. 16: 3792-3800.
47. Zhan XJ, Zheng XD, Bruford MW, Wei FW, Tao Y, 2010. A new method for quantifying genotyping errors for noninvasive genetic studies. Conserv. Genet. 11: 1567-1571.
48. Zhang YP, Wang W, Su B, Ryder OA, Fan ZY. *et al., 1995. The filter and apply of giant panda microsatillite DNA. Zool. Res. 16: 301-306 (In Chinese with English abstract).
49. Zhang Y, Ryder OA, Fan Z, Zhang H, He T. *et al., 1997. DNA sequences and genetic diversity of giant panda. Sci. China C 27(2): 139-144 (In Chinese with English abstract).
50. Zhang ZJ, Hu JC, Wu H, Hou WR, 2002. An analysis on population viability for giant panda in Tangjiahe. Acta Ecol. Sin. 22: 990-998 (In Chinese).
51. Zhang BW, Li M, Zhang ZJ, Goossens B, Zhu LF. *et al., 2007. Genetic viability and population history of the giant panda, putting an end to the "evolutionary dead end"?. Mol. Biol. Evol. 24: 1801-1810.
52. Zhu LF, Zhan XJ, Meng T, Zhang SL, Wei FW, 2010. Landscape features influence gene flow as measured by cost-distance and genetic analyses: A case study for giant pandas in the Daxiangling and Xiaoxiangling Mountains. BMC Genet. 11: 72.