Neighborhood design, connectivity assessment and obstruction

Urban Design International

Volumn 16, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 285-296

  Stangl, Paul ^a   Guinn, Jeffery M ^a  

^a WESTERN WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

connectivity; evaluation measurement; LEED; neighborhood design; pedestrians; sustainability

Indexed keywords

ASSESSMENT METHOD; AUTOMOBILE; NEIGHBORHOOD; PEDESTRIAN; ROAD; TYPOLOGY; URBAN DESIGN; URBAN DEVELOPMENT;

NORTH AMERICA;

EID: 80055100963     PISSN: 13575317     EISSN: 14684519     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1057/udi.2011.14     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. Agrawal, A., Schlossberg, M. and Irwin, K. (2008) How far, by which route, and why? A spatial analysis of pedestrian preference. Journal of URBAN DESIGN 13(1): 81-98.
2. Alexander, C. (1977) A Pattern Language: Towns, Buildings, Construction. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
3. Badland, H. and Schofield, G. (2005) Transport, urban design, and physical activity: An evidence-based update. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 10(3): 177-196.
4. Ben-Joseph, E. (2005) The Code of the City: Standards and the Hidden Language of Place-Making. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
5. Brand, D. (2007) Bluespace: A typological matrix for port cities. URBAN DESIGN International 12(2): 69-85.
6. Cervero, R. and Duncan, J. (2003) Walking, bicycling, and urban landscapes: Evidence from the San Francisco Bay Area. American Journal of Public Health 93(9): 1478-1483
7. City of Eugene, Oregon. (ND) Land Development Code, sec. 9.6810-9.6820, http://www.eugene-or.gov/portal/server.t/gateway/PTARGS-0-2-5848-319-0-43/ http%253B/cerv501/weblinkcitycode/index.asp, accessed 15 May 2010
8. Congress for the New Urbanism, Natural Resources Defense Council, and the U.S. Green Building Council. (2009) LEED 2009 for Neighborhood Development Rating System. Washington DC: US Green Building Council.
9. Dill, J. (2004) Measuring Network Connectivity for Bicycling and Walking. TRB 2004 Annual Meeting CD-ROM.
10. Duany, A., Plater-Zyberk, E. and Alminana, R. (2003) The New Civic Art: Elements of Town Planning. New York: Rizzoli.
11. Duany, A., Plater-Zyberk, E. and Speck, J. (2000) Suburban Nation: The Rise of Sprawl and the Decline of the American Dream. New York: North Point Press.
12. Handy, S., Boarnet, M., Ewing, R. and Killingsworth, R. (2002) How the built environment affects physical activity. American Journal of Preventive Medicine 23(2): 64-73.
13. Handy, S., Patterson, R. and Butler, K. (2003) Planning for Street Connectivity: Getting from here to There. Planning Advisory Service Report 515. Chicago, IL: American Planning Association.
14. Hess, P., Vernez Moudon, A., Snyder,M. and Stanilov, K. (1999) Site design and pedestrian travel. Transportation Research Record 1674: 9-19.
15. Hillier, B. (1996) Cities as movement economies. URBAN DESIGN International 1(1): 41-60.
16. Hillier, B. (2000) Centrality as a process: Accounting for attraction inequalities in deformed grids. URBAN DESIGN International 3(4): 107-127.
17. Hillier, B. (2002) A theory of the city as object: Or, how spatial laws mediate the social construction of urban space. URBAN DESIGN International 7(3/4): 153-179.
18. Hillier, B., Penn, A., Hanson, J., Grajewski, T. and Xu, J. (1993) Natural movement - or, configuration and attraction in urban pedestrian movement. Environment and Planning B 20(1): 29-66.
19. LaGarde, A. (2009) Sustainable by design? Insights from U.S. LEED-ND Pilot projects. Journal of the American Planning Association 75(4): 424-440.
20. LSA Associates, Inc. (2003) Kansas City Walkability Plan. Adopted by City of Kansas City, City Council, 20 March 2003.
21. Lund, H. (2003) Testing the claims of the New Urbanism: Local access, pedestrian travel, and neighboring behaviors. Journal of the American Planning Association 69(4): 414-429.
22. Marshall, S. (2005) Streets & Patterns. Abingdon, UK: Spon Press.
23. Nelessen, T. (1994) Visions for a New American Dream: Process, Principles and an Ordinance to Plan and Design Small Communities. Chicago, IL: Planners Press.
24. Patton, J. (2007) A pedestrian world: Competing rationalities and the calculation of transportation change. Environment and Planning A 39(4): 928-944.
25. Penn, A., Hillier, B., Banister, D. and Xu, J. (1998) Configurational modeling of urban movement networks. Environment and Planning (B): Planning and Design 25(1): 59-84.
26. Peponis, J., Allen, D., Haynie, D., Scoppa, M. and Zhang, Z. (2007) Measuring the Configuration of Street Networks: The Spatial Profiles of 118 Urban Areas in the 12 Most Populated Regions in the US, Proceedings of the 6th International Space Syntax Symposium. Istanbul: Istanbul Technical University.
27. Peponis, J., Bafna, S. and Zhang, Z. (2008) The connectivity of streets: Reach and directional distance. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 35: 881-901.
28. Peponis, J., Hadjinikolaou, E., Livieratos, C. and Fatouros, D. (1989) The spatial core of urban culture. Ekistics 56(334-335): 341-358.
29. Perry, C.A. (1929) The neighborhood unit, a scheme of arrangement for the family-life community, Monograph one. Neighborhood and Community Planning, Regional Plan of New York and Its Environs. New York: Committee on Regional Plan of New York and Its Environs, pp. 2-140.
30. Randall, T. and Baetz, B. (2001) Evaluating pedestrian connectivity for suburban sustainability. Journal of Urban Planning and Development 127(1): 1-15.
31. Rodriguez, D., Khattak, A. and Evenson, K. (2006) Can New Urbanism encourage physical activity: Comparing a new urbanist neighborhood with conventional suburbs. Journal of the American Planning Association 72(1): 43-54.
32. Ryan, S. and Throgmorton, J. (2003) Sustainable transportation and land development on the periphery: A case study of Freiburg, German and Chula Vista, California. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment 1(8): 37-52.
33. Salingaros, N. (2000a) The structure of pattern languages. Architectural Research Quarterly 4(1): 149-161.
34. Salingaros, N. (2000b) Urban space and its information field. Journal of URBAN DESIGN 4: 29-49.
35. Southworth, M. and Ben-Joseph, E. (2003) Streets and the Shaping of Towns and Cities. Washington: Island Press.
36. Stangl, P. (2011) The US pedestrian plan: Linking theory with practice. Planning Practice and Research 26(3): 289-305.
37. U.S. Green Building Council. (ND) A Local Government Guide to LEED for Neighborhood Development, http://www.usgbc.org.ShowFile.aspx?DocumentID=6131, accessed 10 May 2010.