Improving the diagnosis of tuberculosis: From quantiferon to new techniques to diagnose tuberculosis infections

Current HIV/AIDS Reports

Volumn 8, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 153-163

  Vittor, Amy Y ^a   Garland, Joseph M ^a   Schlossberg, David ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

^b TEMPLE UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

AIDS; Chest; Diagnostics; HIV; Interferon gamma Release Assay; Line probe Assay; Lipoarabinomannan; Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification; Nitrate Reductase Assay; Nucleic Acid Amplification Test; PPD; Radiograph; Serology; Sputum Smear Microscopy.MODS; Thin Layer Agar; Trans renal DNA; TST; Tuberculosis

Indexed keywords

GAMMA INTERFERON; MYCOBACTERIUM ANTIGEN;

AGAR DIFFUSION; ANTIBODY DETECTION; ARTICLE; BACTERIUM CULTURE; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DIAGNOSTIC TEST; ENZYME ASSAY; FLUORESCENCE MICROSCOPY; HUMAN; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTED PATIENT; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; IMMUNOASSAY; INTERFERON GAMMA RELEASE ASSAY; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; LATENT TUBERCULOSIS; LIQUID CULTURE; LOOP MEDIATED ISOTHERMAL AMPLIFICATION; MICROBIAL SENSITIVITY TEST; MICROSCOPIC OBSERVATION DIRECT SUSCEPTIBILITY; MICROSCOPY; MULTIDRUG RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS; MYCOBACTERIO PHAGE ASSAY; NITRATE REDUCTASE ASSAY; NUCLEIC ACID AMPLIFICATION TEST; NUCLEIC ACID ANALYSIS; PATIENT IDENTIFICATION; REAL TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SEROLOGY; SPUTUM CYTODIAGNOSIS; SPUTUM SMEAR; SYMPTOMATOLOGY; THORAX RADIOGRAPHY; TUBERCULIN TEST; TUBERCULOSIS; URINALYSIS;

HIV; HIV INFECTIONS; HUMANS; MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS; REAL-TIME POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; TUBERCULIN TEST; TUBERCULOSIS;

EID: 80055035785     PISSN: 15483568     EISSN: 15483576     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11904-011-0083-7     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. World Health Organization: Global Tuberculosis Control 2010. http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2010/9789241564069-eng.pdf. Accessed March 18, 2011.
2. Anandaiah A, Dheda K, Keane J, et al. Novel developments in the epidemic of HIVand TB co-infection. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. Dec 22, 2010 [epub ahead of print]
3. Bakari M, Arbeit RD, Mtei L, et al. Basis for treatment of tuberculosis among HIV-infected patients in Tanzania: the role of chest x-ray and sputum culture. BMC Infect Dis. 2008;8:32.
4. Monkongdee P, McCarthy KD, Cain KP, et al. Yield of acid-fast smear and mycobacterial culture for tuberculosis diagnosis in people with human immunodeficiency virus. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2009;180(9):903-908.
5. Ansari NA, Kombe AH, Kenyon TA, et al. Pathology and causes of death in a group of 128 predominantly HIV-positive patients in Botswana, 1997-1998. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2002;6(1):55-63. (Pubitemid 34263546)
6. Pronyk PM, Kahn K, Hargreaves JR, et al. Undiagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis deaths in rural South Africa. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2004;8(6):796-799. (Pubitemid 38747159)
7. Perkins MD, Cunningham J. Facing the crisis: improving the diagnosis of tuberculosis in the HIV era. J Infect Dis. 2007;196 SUPPL. 1:S15-S27. (Pubitemid 47206081)
8. World Health Organization. Global Plan to Stop TB 2011-2015: transforming the fight towards elimination of tuberculosis. http://www.stoptb.org/assets/ documents/global/plan/TB-GlobalPlanToStopTB2011-2015.pdf. Accessed March 18, 2011.
9. Huebner RE, Schein MF, Bass Jr JB. The tuberculin skin test. Clin Infect Dis. 1993;17(6):968-975. (Pubitemid 23358739)
10. Shafer RW, Edlin BR. Tuberculosis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus: perspective on the past decade. Clin Infect Dis. 1996;22(4):683-704. (Pubitemid 26286315)
11. Mazurek GH, Jereb J, Vernon A, et al. Updated guidelines for using Interferon Gamma Release Assays to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection - United States, 2010. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2010;59(RR-5):1-25. These are recent United States guidelines on the use ofIGRAs and the tuberculin skin test.
12. Pai M, Zwerling A, Menzies D. Systematic review: T-cell-based assays for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection: An update. Ann Intern Med. 2008;149(3):177-84. This is an important review of available IGRA assays.
13. Diel R, Goletti D, Ferrara G, et al. Interferon-gamma release assays for the diagnosis of latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Respir J. 2011;37(1):88-99.
14. Karam F, Mbow F, Fletcher H, et al. Sensitivity of IFN-gamma release assay to detect latent tuberculosis infection is retained in HIV-infected patients but dependent on HIV/AIDS progression. PLoS One. 2008;3(1):e1441.
15. Luetkemeyer AF, Charlebois ED, Flores LL, et al. Comparison of an interferon-gamma release assay with tuberculin skin testing in HIV-infected individuals. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007;175 (7):737-742. (Pubitemid 46536491)
16. Rangaka MX, Wilkinson KA, Seldon R, et al. Effect of HIV-1 infection on T-Cell-based and skin test detection of tuberculosis infection. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2007;175(5):514-520. (Pubitemid 46354256)
17. Stephan C, Wolf T, Goetsch U, et al. Comparing QuantiFERONtuberculosis gold, T-SPOT tuberculosis and tuberculin skin test in HIV-infected individuals from a low prevalence tuberculosis country. AIDS 2008;22(18):2471-2479.
18. Talati NJ, Seybold U, Humphrey B, et al. Poor concordance between interferon-gamma release assays and tuberculin skin tests in diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection among HIV-infected individuals. BMC Infect Dis. 2009;9:15.
19. Santin M, Casas S, Saumoy M, et al. Detection of latent tuberculosis by the tuberculin skin test and a whole-blood interferon-gamma release assay, and the development of active tuberculosis in HIV-seropositive persons. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2011;69(1):59-65.
20. Sutherland R, Yang H, Scriba TJ, et al. Impaired IFN-gammasecreting capacity in mycobacterial antigen-specific CD4 T cells during chronic HIV-1 infection despite long-term HAART. AIDS 2006;20(6):821-829. (Pubitemid 43731563)
21. Cain KP, McCarthy KD, Heilig CM, et al. An algorithm for tuberculosis screening and diagnosis in peoplewith HIV.NEngl JMed. 2010;362(8):707-716.
22. Agizew TB, Arwady MA, Yoon JC, et al. Tuberculosis in asymptomatic HIV-infected adults with abnormal chest radiographs screened for tuberculosis prevention. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2010;14(1):45-51.
23. Garcia GF, Moura AS, Ferreira CS, Rocha MO. Clinical and radiographic features of HIV-related pulmonary tuberculosis according to the level of immunosuppression. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2007;40(6):622-6.
24. Chamie G, Luetkemeyer A, Walusimbi-Nanteza M, et al. Significant variation in presentation of pulmonary tuberculosis across a high resolution of CD4 strata. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2010;14(10):1295-1302.
25. Pepper T, Joseph P, Mwenya C, et al. Normal chest radiography in pulmonary tuberculosis: implications for obtaining respiratory specimen cultures. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2008;12(4):397-403. (Pubitemid 351507252)
26. Swaminathan S, Paramasivan CN, Kumar SR, et al. Unrecognised tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients: sputum culture is a useful tool. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2004;8(7):896-898. (Pubitemid 38937608)
27. Mtei L, Matee M, Herfort O, et al. High rates of clinical and subclinical tuberculosis among HIV-infected ambulatory subjects in Tanzania. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;40(10):1500-1507. (Pubitemid 40628639)
28. Smith RL, Yew K, Berkowitz KA, Aranda CP. Factors affecting the yield of acid-fast sputum smears in patients with HIV and tuberculosis. Chest. 1994;106(3):684-6. (Pubitemid 24278862)
29. Steingart KR, Henry M, Ng V, et al. Fluorescence versus conventional sputum smear microscopy for tuberculosis: a systematic review. Lancet Infect Dis. 2006;6(9):570-581. (Pubitemid 44262344)
30. Kivihya-Ndugga LE, van Cleeff MR, Githui WA, et al. A comprehensive comparison of Ziehl-Neelsen and fluorescence microscopy for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in a resource-poor urban setting. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2003;7(12):1163-1171. (Pubitemid 38004740)
31. Eyangoh SI, Torrea G, Tejiokem MC, et al. HIV-related incremental yield of bleach sputum concentration and fluorescence technique for the microscopic detection of tuberculosis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2008;27(9):849-855.
32. Crampin AC, Floyd S, Mwaungulu F, et al. Comparison of two versus three smears in identifying culture-positive tuberculosis patients in a rural African setting with high HIV prevalence. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2001;5(11):994-999. (Pubitemid 33134748)
33. Dowdy DW, Lourenco MC, Cavalcante SC, et al. Impact and costeffectiveness of culture for diagnosis of tuberculosis in HIVinfected Brazilian adults. PLoS One. 2008;3(12):e4057.
34. Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND). FIND prices for BACTEC and MGIT and Country List. http://www.finddiagnostics. org/programs/find- negotiated-prices/bactec-mgit.html. Accessed March 17, 2011.
35. Moore DA, Evans CA, Gilman RH, et al. Microscopicobservation drug-susceptibility assay for the diagnosis of TB. N Engl J Med. 2006;355(15):1539-50.
36. Arias M, Mello FC, Pavon A, et al. Clinical evaluation of the microscopic-observation drug-susceptibility assay for detection of tuberculosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;44(5):674-80.
37. Ha DT, Lan NT, Kiet VS, et al. Diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV-positive patients by microscopic observation drug susceptibility assay. J Clin Microbiol. 2010;48(12):4573-9.
38. Martin A, Panaiotov S, Portaels F, et al. The nitrate reductase assay for the rapid detection of isoniazid and rifampicin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a systematic review and metaanalysis. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2008;62(1):56-64. (Pubitemid 351865874)
39. Minion J, Pai M. Bacteriophage assays for rifampicin resistance detection in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: updated meta-analysis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2010;14(8):941-51.
40. Dinnes J, Deeks J, Kunst H, et al. A systematic review of rapid diagnostic tests for the detection of tuberculosis infection. Health Technol Assess. 2007;11(3):1-196.
41. Ling DI, Flores LL, Riley LW, Pai M. Commercial nucleic-acid amplification tests for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in respiratory specimens: meta-analysis and meta-regression. PLoS One. 2008;3(2):e1536.
42. Kivihya-Ndugga L, van Cleeff M, Juma E, et al. Comparison of PCR with the routine procedure for diagnosis of tuberculosis in a population with high prevalences of tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus. J Clin Microbiol. 2004;42(3):1012-5. (Pubitemid 38332818)
43. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Updated guidelines for the use of nucleic acid amplification tests in the diagnosis of tuberculosis. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2009;58(1):7-10.
44. Boehme CC, Nabeta P, Hillemann D, et al. Rapid molecular detection of tuberculosis and rifampin resistance. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(11):1005-15.
45. Boehme CC, Nabeta P, Henostroza G, et al. Operational feasibility of using loop-mediated isothermal amplification for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in microscopy centers of developing countries. J Clin Microbiol. 2007;45(6):1936-40. (Pubitemid 46933929)
46. World Health Organization: Rapid TB blood tests fail to perform as well as smear microscopy. http://apps.who.int/tdr/svc/newsevents/ news/tb-rapid-test-failures. Accessed March 18, 2011
47. Shah M, Variava E, Holmes CB, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of a urine lipoarabinomannan test for tuberculosis in hospitalized patients in a High HIV prevalence setting. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2009;52(2):145-51.
48. Lawn SD, Edwards DJ, Kranzer K, et al. Urine lipoarabinomannan assay for tuberculosis screening before antiretroviral therapy diagnostic yield and association with immune reconstitution disease. AIDS 2009;23(14):1875-80.
49. Dheda K, Davids V, Lenders L, et al. Clinical utility of a commercial LAM-ELISA assay for TB diagnosis in HIV-infected patients using urine and sputum samples. PLoS One. 2010;5(3): e9848.
50. Patel VB, Singh R, Connolly C, et al. Comparison of a clinical prediction rule and a LAM antigen-detection assay for the rapid diagnosis of TBM in a high HIV prevalence setting. PLoS One. 2010;5(12):e15664.
51. Cannas A, Goletti D, Girardi E, et al. Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA detection in soluble fraction of urine from pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2008;12(2):146-51. (Pubitemid 351212405)
52. Liebeschuetz S, Bamber S, Ewer K, et al. Diagnosis of tuberculosis in South African children with a T-cell-based assay: a prospective cohort study. Lancet. 2004;364(9452):2196-203. (Pubitemid 40018449)
53. Tsiouris SJ, Coetzee D, Toro PL, et al. Sensitivity analysis and potential uses of a novel gamma interferon release assay for diagnosis of tuberculosis. J Clin Microbiol. 2006;44:2844-50. (Pubitemid 44228579)
54. Raby E, Moyo M, Devendra A, et al. The effects of HIVon the sensitivity of a whole blood IFN-gamma release assay in Zambian adults with active tuberculosis. PLoS One. 2008;3(6):e2489.
55. Kabeer BSA, Sikhamani R, Swaminathan S, et al. Role of Interferon Gamma release assay in active TB diagnosis among HIV infected individuals. PLoS One. 2009;4(5):e5718.
56. Swaminathan S, Subbaraman R, Venkatesan P, et al. Tuberculin skin test results in HIV-infected patients in India: implications for latent tuberculosis treatment. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2008;12 (2):168-73. (Pubitemid 351212408)
57. Pai M, Kalantri S, Dheda K. New tools and emerging technologies for the diagnosis of tuberculosis: Part I. Latent tuberculosis. Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2006;6(3):413-22. (Pubitemid 44174345)
58. Fujita A, Ajisawa A, Harada N, et al. Performance of a wholeblood interferon-gamma release assay with mycobacterium RD-1 specific antigens among HIV-infected persons. Clin Dev Immunol. 2011;2011:325295.
59. Mori T, Sakatani M, Yamagishi F, et al. Specific detection of tuberculosis infection. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004;170:59-64.
60. Cattamanchi A, Smith R, Steingart KR. Interferon-Gamma Release assays for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection in HIV-infected individuals: a systematic review and metaanalysis. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2011;56:230-8.
61. Aabye MG, Ravn P, PrayGod G, Jeremiah K, Mugomela A, et al. The Impact of HIV Infection and CD4 Cell Count on the Performance of an Interferon Gamma Release Assay in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis. PLoS One. 2009;4(1):e4220.
62. Chapman AL, Munkanta M, Wilkinson KA, et al. Rapid detection of active and latent tuberculosis infection in HIV-positive individuals by enumeration of Mycobacterium tuberculosisspecific T cells. AIDS 2002;16(17):2285-93. (Pubitemid 35449014)
63. Lawn SD, Bangani N, Vogt M. Utility of interferon-gamma ELISPOT assay responses in highly tuberculosis-exposed patients with advanced HIV infection in Africa. BMC Infect Dis. 2007;7:99.
64. Mandalakas AM, Hesseling AC, Chegou NN, et al. High level of discordant IGRA results in HIV-infected adults and children. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2008;12(4):417-23. (Pubitemid 351507255)
65. Leidl L, Mayanja-Kizza H, Sotgiu G, et al. Relationship of immunodiagnostic assays for tuberculosis and numbers of circulating CD4 T-cells in HIV-infection. Eur Respir J. 2010;35 (3):619-26.
66. Cattamanchi A, Dowdy DW, Davis JL, et al. Sensitivity of direct versus concentrated sputum smear microscopy in HIV-infected patients suspected of having pulmonary tuberculosis. BMC Infect Dis. 2009;9:53.
67. Shah S, Demissie M, Lambert L, et al. Intensified tuberculosis case finding among HIV-Infected persons from a voluntary counseling and testing center in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2009;50(5):537-45.
68. Prasanthi K, Kumari AR. Efficacy of fluorochrome stain in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis co-infected with HIV. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2005;23(3):179-81. (Pubitemid 41188492)
69. Martin A, Munga Waweru P, Babu Okatch F, et al. Implementation of the thin layer agar method for diagnosis of smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis in a setting with a high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection in Homa Bay, Kenya. J Clin Microbiol. 2009;47(8):2632-4.
70. Martin A, Fissette K, Varaine F, et al. Thin layer agar compared to BACTEC MGIT 960 for early detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Microbiol Methods. 2009;78(1):107-8.
71. Srisuwanvilai LO, Monkongdee P, Podewils LJ, et al. Performance of the BACTEC MGIT 960 compared with solid media for detection of Mycobacterium in Bangkok, Thailand. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2008;61(4):402-7. (Pubitemid 351982001)
72. Barnard M, Albert H, Coetzee G, et al. Rapid molecular screening for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in a high-volume public health laboratory in South Africa. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2008;177 (7):787-92. (Pubitemid 351490566)
73. Steingart KR, Henry M, Laal S, et al. Commercial serological antibody detection tests for the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis: a systematic review. PLoS Med. 2007;4(6):e202