Estimating marginal returns to education

American Economic Review

Volumn 101, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 2754-2781

  Carneiro, Pedro ^a,b   Heckman, James J ^c,d   Vytlacil, Edward J ^e  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b and Rationality Norwegian School of Economics   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY COLLEGE DUBLIN   (Ireland)

^e YALE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 80054899993     PISSN: 00028282     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1257/aer.101.6.2754     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Aakvik, Arild, James J. Heckman, and Edward J. Vytlacil. 2005. "Estimating Treatment Effects for Discrete Outcomes When Responses to Treatment Vary: An Application to Norwegian Vocational Rehabilitation Programs." Journal of Econometrics, 125(1-2): 15-51.
2. Björklund, Anders, and Robert Moffitt. 1987. "The Estimation of Wage Gains and Welfare Gains in Self-Selection." Review of Economics and Statistics, 69(1): 42-49.
3. Cameron, Stephen V., and James J. Heckman. 1998. "Life Cycle Schooling and Dynamic Selection Bias: Models and Evidence for Five Cohorts of American Males." Journal of Political Economy, 106(2): 262-333. (Pubitemid 128665906)
4. Cameron, Stephen V., and James J. Heckman. 2001. "The Dynamics of Educational Attainment for Black, Hispanic, and White Males." Journal of Political Economy, 109(3): 455-99. (Pubitemid 32579731)
5. Cameron, Stephen V., and Christopher Taber. 2004. "Estimation of Educational Borrowing Constraints Using Returns to Schooling." Journal of Political Economy, 112(1): 132-82. (Pubitemid 38485518)
6. Card, David. 1995. "Using Geographic Variation in College Proximity to Estimate the Return to Schooling." In Aspects of Labour Market Behaviour: Essays in Honour of John Vanderkamp, ed. Louis N. Christofides, E. Kenneth Grant and Robert Swidinsky, 201-22. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
7. Card, David. 1999. "The Causal Effect of Education on Earnings." In Handbook of Labor Economics Volume 3, Part 1, Handbooks in Economics, ed. Orley Ashenfelter and David Card, 1801-63. New York: Elsevier Science.
8. Card, David. 2001. "Estimating the Return to Schooling: Progress on Some Persistent Econometric Problems." Econometrica, 69(5): 1127-60. (Pubitemid 33723035)
9. Carneiro, Pedro, and James J. Heckman. 2002. "The Evidence on Credit Constraints in Post-Secondary Schooling." Economic Journal, 112(482): 705-34. (Pubitemid 35241724)
10. Carneiro, Pedro, James J. Heckman, and Edward J. Vytlacil. 2010. "Evaluating Marginal Policy Changes and the Average Effect of Treatment for Individuals at the Margin." Econometrica, 78(1): 377-94.
11. Carneiro, Pedro, James J. Heckman, and Edward J. Vytlacil. 2011. "Estimating Marginal and Average Returns to Education: Dataset." American Economic Review. http://www.aeaweb.org/articles.php?doi=10.1257/aer. 101.6.2754.
12. Currie, Janet, and Enrico Moretti. 2003. "Mother's Education and the Intergenerational Transmission of Human Capital: Evidence from College Openings." Quarterly Journal of Economics, 118(4): 1495-1532. (Pubitemid 37445870)
13. Fan, Jianqing, and Irène Gijbels. 1996. Local Polynomial Modelling and Its Applications. Vol. 66, Monographs on Statistics and Applied Probability. New York: Chapman and Hall.
14. Hansen, Karsten T., James J. Heckman, and Kathleen J. Mullen. 2004. "The Effect of Schooling and Ability on Achievement Test Scores." Journal of Econometrics, 121(1-2): 39-98.
15. Heckman, James J. 2010. "Building Bridges between Structural and Program Evaluation Approaches to Evaluating Policy." Journal of Economic Literature, 48(2): 356-98.
16. Heckman, James J., and Daniel Schmierer. 2010. "Tests of Hypotheses Arising in the Correlated Random Coefficient Model." Economic Modelling, 27(6): 1355-67.
17. Heckman, James J., and Edward J. Vytlacil. 1999. "Local Instrumental Variables and Latent Variable Models for Identifying and Bounding Treatment Effects." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 96(8): 4730-34. (Pubitemid 29190404)
18. Heckman, James J., and Edward J. Vytlacil. 2000. "The Relationship between Treatment Parameters within a Latent Variable Framework." Economics Letters, 66(1): 33-39.
19. Heckman, James J., and Edward J. Vytlacil. 2001a. "Local Instrumental Variables." In Nonlinear Statistical Modeling: Proceedings of the Thirteenth International Symposium in Economic Theory and Econometrics: Essays in Honor of Takeshi Amemiya, ed. Cheng Hsiao, Kimio Morimune, and James L. Powell, 1-46. New York: Cambridge University Press.
20. Heckman, James J., and Edward J. Vytlacil. 2001b. "Policy-Relevant Treatment Effects." American Economic Review, 91(2): 107-11. (Pubitemid 33595730)
21. Heckman, James J., and Edward J. Vytlacil. 2005. "Structural Equations, Treatment Effects, and Econometric Policy Evaluation." Econometrica, 73(3): 669-738. (Pubitemid 41623678)
22. Heckman, James J., and Edward J. Vytlacil. 2007a. "Econometric Evaluation of Social Programs, Part I: Causal Models, Structural Models and Econometric Policy Evaluation." In Handbook of Econometrics, Vol. 6B. Handbooks in Economics 2, ed. James J. Heckman and Edward E. Leamer, 4779-4874. New York: North-Holland.
23. Heckman, James J., and Edward J. Vytlacil. 2007b. "Econometric Evaluation of Social Programs, Part II: Using the Marginal Treatment Effect to Organize Alternative Econometric Estimators to Evaluate Social Programs, and to Forecast their Effects in New Environments." In Handbook of Econometrics, Vol. 6B. Handbooks in Economics 2, ed. James J. Heckman and Edward E. Leamer, 4875-5144. New York: North-Holland.
24. Heckman, James J., Hidehiko Ichimura, and Petra E. Todd. 1997. "How Details Makes a Difference: Semiparametric Estimation of the Partially Linear Regression Model." Unpublished.
25. Heckman, James J., Daniel Schmierer, and Sergio Urzua. 2010. "Testing the Correlated Random Coefficient Model." Journal of Econometrics, 158(2): 177-203.
26. Heckman, James J., Justin L. Tobias, and Edward J. Vytlacil. 2001. "Four Parameters of Interest in the Evaluation of Social Programs." Southern Economic Journal, 68(2): 210-23. (Pubitemid 33350650)
27. Heckman, James J., Sergio Urzua, and Edward J. Vytlacil. 2006. "Understanding Instrumental Variables in Models with Essential Heterogeneity." Review of Economics and Statistics, 88(3): 389-432. (Pubitemid 44554714)
28. Heckman, James J., Sergio Urzua, and Edward J. Vytlacil. 2008. "Instrumental Variables in Models with Multiple Outcomes: The General Unordered Case." Annales d'Economie et de Statistique, 2008(91-92): 151-74.
29. Heckman, James J., Hidehiko Ichimura, Jeffrey Smith, and Petra Todd. 1998. "Characterizing Selection Bias Using Experimental Data." Econometrica, 66(5): 1017-98. (Pubitemid 128467217)
30. Ichimura, Hidehiko. 1993. "Semiparametric Least Squares (SLS) and Weighted SLS Estimation of Single-Index Models." Journal of Econometrics, 58(1-2): 71-120.
31. Imbens, Guido W. 2010. "Better LATE than Nothing: Some Comments on Deaton (2009) and Heckman and Urzua (2009)." Journal of Economic Literature, 48(2): 399-423.
32. Imbens, Guido W., and Joshua D. Angrist. 1994. "Identification and Estimation of Local Average Treatment Effects." Econometrica, 62(2): 467-75.
33. Kane, Thomas J., and Cecilia Elena Rouse. 1995. "Labor-Market Returns to Two- and Four-Year College." American Economic Review, 85(3): 600-14.
34. Kling, Jeffrey R. 2001. "Interpreting Instrumental Variables Estimates of the Returns to Schooling." Journal of Business and Economic Statistics, 19(3): 358-64.
35. McFadden, Daniel. 1974. "Conditional Logit Analysis of Qualitative Choice Behavior." In Frontiers of Econometrics, ed. Paul Zarembka, 105-42. New York: Academic Press.
36. Moffitt, Robert A. 2008. "Estimating Marginal Treatment Effects in Heterogeneous Populations." Annales d'Economie et de Statistique, 2008(91-92): 239-61.
37. Murray, Charles. 2008a. "Are Too Many People Going to College?" The American, Monday, Sept. 8 (http://www.american.com/archive/2008/september- october-magazine/are-too-many-peoplegoing- to-college).
38. Murray, Charles. 2008b. Real Education: Four Simple Truths for Bringing America's Schools Back to Reality. New York: Three Rivers Press.
39. Quandt, Richard E. 1958. "The Estimation of the Parameters of a Linear Regression System Obeying Two Separate Regimes." Journal of the American Statistical Association, 53(284): 873-80.
40. Quandt, Richard E. 1972. "A New Approach to Estimating Switching Regressions." Journal of the American Statistical Association, 67(338): 306-10.
41. Robinson, Peter M. 1988. "Root-N-Consistent Semiparametric Regression." Econometrica, 56(4): 931-54.
42. Romano, Joseph P., and Michael Wolf. 2005. "Exact and Approximate Stepdown Methods for Multiple Hypothesis Testing." Journal of the American Statistical Association, 100(469): 94-108. (Pubitemid 40366821)
43. Roy, A. D. 1951. "Some Thoughts on the Distribution of Earnings." Oxford Economic Papers New Series, 3(2): 135-46.
44. Stock, James H. 1989. "Nonparametric Policy Analysis." Journal of the American Statistical Association, 84(406): 567-75.
45. Taber, Christopher R. 2001. "The Rising College Premium in the Eighties: Return to College or Return to Unobserved Ability?" Review of Economic Studies, 68(3): 665-91. (Pubitemid 32882266)
46. Vytlacil, Edward J. 2002. "Independence, Monotonicity, and Latent Index Models: An Equivalence Result." Econometrica, 70(1): 331-41.
47. Willis, Robert J., and Sherwin Rosen. 1979. "Education and Self-Selection." Journal of Political Economy, 87(5): S7-36.