Treatment of substance abusing patients with comorbid psychiatric disorders

Addictive Behaviors

Volumn 37, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 11-24

  Kelly, Thomas M ^a   Daley, Dennis C ^a   Douaihy, Antoine B ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Comorbid; Psychiatric disorder; Substance use disorder; Treatment

Indexed keywords

AMFEBUTAMONE; ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; BACLOFEN; BUPRENORPHINE; BUSPIRONE; CLOZAPINE; DELORAZEPAM; DESIPRAMINE; DIAZEPAM; DISULFIRAM; DOXEPIN; FLUOXETINE; FLUPENTIXOL DECANOATE; HALOPERIDOL; IMIPRAMINE; LITHIUM; METHADONE; MODAFINIL; MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITOR; NALTREXONE; OLANZAPINE; ONDANSETRON; PAROXETINE; RISPERIDONE; SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITOR; SERTRALINE; TOPIRAMATE; UNINDEXED DRUG; VALPROATE SEMISODIUM; VENLAFAXINE;

ALCOHOLISM; ANXIETY DISORDER; BIPOLAR DISORDER; CANNABIS ADDICTION; CASE MANAGEMENT; COCAINE DEPENDENCE; COGNITIVE THERAPY; DEPRESSION; DRUG EFFICACY; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; FAMILY THERAPY; GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER; HUMAN; INTERVIEW; MAINTENANCE THERAPY; MENTAL DISEASE; MOOD DISORDER; MOTIVATION; OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER; OPIATE ADDICTION; PANIC; POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER; PSYCHOPHARMACOTHERAPY; RESIDENTIAL CARE; REVIEW; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SOCIAL PHOBIA; SUBSTANCE ABUSE;

COMBINED MODALITY THERAPY; COMORBIDITY; DIAGNOSIS, DUAL (PSYCHIATRY); DRUG THERAPY; EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE; HUMANS; INTERVIEWS AS TOPIC; MENTAL DISORDERS; MOTIVATION; PATIENTS; PSYCHOTHERAPY; SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS;

EID: 80054785554     PISSN: 03064603     EISSN: 18736327     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.09.010     Document Type: Review

References (184)

1. Aase D.M., Jason L.A., Robinson W.L. 12-step participation among dually-diagnosed individuals: A review of individual and contextual factors. Clinical Psychology Review 2008, 28:1235-1248.
2. Alessi S.M., Rash C., Petry N.M. Contingency management is efficacious and improves outcomes in cocaine patients with pretreatment marijuana use. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 2011, Mar 25, 118(1):62-67. (Electronic publication ahead of print).
3. American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 2000, Washington DC.: American Psychiatric Association, Arlington VA. 4th Ed. Text rev.
4. Azorin J.M., Kaladjian A. An update on the treatment of bipolar depression. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 2009, 10:161-172.
5. Back S.E., Brady K.T., Jaanimagl U., Jackson J.L. Cocaine dependence and PTSD: A pilot study of symptom interplay and treatment preferences. Addictive Behaviors 2006, 31:351-354.
6. Back S.E., Dansky B.S., Carroll K.M., Foa E.B., Brady K.T. Exposure therapy in the treatment of PTSD among cocaine-dependent individuals: Description of procedures. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 2001, 21:35-45.
7. Baker A.L., Hides L., Lubman D.I. Treatment of cannabis use among people with psychotic or depressive disorders: A systematic review. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 2010, 71:247-254.
8. Barrowclough C., Haddock G., Wykes T., Beardmore R., Conrod P., Craig T., et al. Integrated motivational interviewing and cognitive behavioural therapy for people with psychosis and comorbid substance misuse: Randomized controlled trial. British Medical Journal 2010, 1-12. (Online First).
9. Bellack A.S., Bennett M.E., Gearon J.S., Brown C.H., Yang Y. A randomized clinical trial of a new behavioral treatment for drug abuse in people with severe and persistent mental illness. Archives of General Psychiatry 2006, 63(4):426-432.
10. Bellack A.S., Gearon J.S. Substance abuse treatment for people with schizophrenia. Addictive Behaviors 1998, 23(6):749-766.
11. Berg A.L., Sandahl C., Clinton D. The relationship of treatment preferences and experiences to outcome in generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice 2008, 81:247-259.
12. Beutler L.E., Clarkin J.F., Bongar B. Guidelines for the systematic treatment of the depressed patient 2000, Oxford Univ. Press, New York.
13. Bowen R.C., D[U+201F]Arcy C., Keegan D., Senthilselvan A. A controlled trial of cognitive behavioral treatment of panic in alcoholic inpatients with comorbid panic disorder. Addictive Behaviors 2000, 25:593-597.
14. Brady K.T., Sonne S., Anton R.F., Randall C.L., Back S.E., Simpson K. Sertraline in the treatment of co-occurring alcohol dependence and posttraumatic stress disorder. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research 2005, 29:395-401.
15. Brady K.T., Sonne S.C., Malcolm R.J., Randall C.L., Dansky B.S., Simpson K., et al. Carbamazepine in the treatment of cocaine dependence: Subtyping by affective disorder. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology 2002, 10:276-285.
16. Brady K.T., Verduin M.L. Pharmacotherapy of comorbid mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders. Substance Use & Misuse 2005, 40(2021-2041):2043-2048.
17. Brady K.T., Verduin M.L., Tolliver B.K. Treatment of patients comorbid for addiction and other psychiatric disorders. Current Psychiatry Reports 2007, 9:374-380.
18. Brady K.T., Dansky B.S., Back S.E., Foa E.B., Carroll K.M. Exposure therapy in the treatment of PTSD among cocaine-dependent individuals: Preliminary findings. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 2001, 21:47-54.
19. Bromet E., Sonnega A., Kessler R.C. Risk factors for DSM-III-R posttraumatic stress disorder: Findings from the National Comorbidity Survey. American Journal of Epidemiology 1998, 147:353-361.
20. Castells X., Casas M., Perez-Mana C., Roncero C., Vidal X., Capella D. Efficacy of psychostimulant drugs for cocaine dependence. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2010, 2:CD007380.
21. Castells X., Kosten T.R., Capella D., Colom J., Casas M. Efficacy of opiate maintenance therapy and adjunctive interventions for opioid dependence with comorbid cocaine use disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 2009, 35:339-349.
22. Chambless D.L., Holton S.D. Defining empirically supported therapies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 1998, 66:7-18.
23. Chen S., Barnett P.G., Sempel J.M., Timko C. Outcomes and costs of matching the intensity of dual-diagnosis treatment to patients' symptom severity. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 2006, 35:95-105.
24. Coffey S.F., Schumacher J.A., Brimo M.L., Brady K.T. Exposure therapy for substance abusers with PTSD: Translating research to practice. Behavior Modification 2005, 29:10-38.
25. Coffey S.F., Stasiewicz P.R., Hughes P.M., Brimo M.L. Trauma-focused imaginal exposure for individuals with comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder and alcohol dependence: Revealing mechanisms of alcohol craving in a cue reactivity paradigm. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors 2006, 20:425-435.
26. COMBINE Study Research Group Testing combined pharmacotherapies and behavioral interventions in alcohol dependence: Rationale and methods. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research 2003, 27:1107-1122.
27. Conner K.R., Pinquart M., Duberstein P.R. Meta-analysis of depression and substance use and impairment among intravenous drug users (IDUs). Addiction 2008, 103:524-534.
28. Conner K.R., Sorensen S., Leonard K.E. Initial depression and subsequent drinking during alcoholism treatment. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 2005, 66:401-406.
29. Cornelius J.R., Bukstein O., Salloum I., Clark D. Alcohol and psychiatric comorbidity. Recent Developments in Alcoholism 2003, 16:361-374.
30. Cornelius J.R., Salloum I.M., Thase M.E., Haskett R.F., Daley D.C., Jones-Barlock A., et al. Fluoxetine versus placebo in depressed alcoholic cocaine abusers. Psychopharmacology Bulletin 1998, 34:17-21.
31. Cornelius J.R., Salloum I.M., Ehler J.G., Jarrett P.J., Cornelius M.D., Perel J.M., et al. Fluoxetine in depressed alcoholics. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Archives of General Psychiatry 1997, 54:700-705.
32. Cornelius J.R., Salloum I.M., Haskett R.F., Ehler J.G., Jarrett P.J., Thase M.E., et al. Fluoxetine versus placebo for the marijuana use of depressed alcoholics. Addictive Behaviors 1999, 24:111-114.
33. Daley D.C., Salloum I.M., Zuckoff A., Kirisci L., Thase M.E. Increasing treatment adherence among outpatients with depression and cocaine dependence: Results of a pilot study. The American Journal of Psychiatry 1998, 155:1611-1613.
34. Davidson J.R. First-line pharmacotherapy approaches for generalized anxiety disorder. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 2009, 70:25-31.
35. Davis L., Uezato A., Newell J.M., Frazier E. Major depression and comorbid substance use disorders. Current Opinion in Psychiatry 2008, 21(1):14-18.
36. DeSousa A.A., DeSousa J.A., Kapoor H. An open randomized trial comparing disulfiram and topiramate in the treatment of alcohol dependence. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 2008, 34:460-463.
37. DiClemente C.C., Velasquez M.M. Motivational interviewing and the stages of change. Motivational interviewing, 2nd edition, preparing people for change 2002, 201-216. The Guilford Press, New York. W.R. Miller, S. Rollnick (Eds.).
38. Donovan B., Padin-Rivera E., Kowaliw S. "Transcend": Initial outcomes from a post-traumatic stress disorder/substance abuse treatment program. Journal of Trauma & Stress 2001, 14:757-772.
39. Donovan D.M., Anton R.F., Miller W.R., Longabaugh R., Hosking J.D., Youngblood M., et al. Combined pharmacotherapies and behavioral interventions for alcohol dependence (The COMBINE Study): Examination of posttreatment drinking outcomes. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 2008, 69:5-13.
40. Donovan D.M., Floyd A.S. Facilitating involvement in twelve-step programs. Recent Developments in Alcoholism 2008, 18:303-320.
41. Drake R.E., Mueser K.T., Brunette M.F., McHugo G.J. A review of treatments for people with severe mental illnesses and co-occurring substance use disorders. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal 2004, 27:360-374.
42. Dundon W.D., Pettinati H.M., Lynch K.G., Xie H., Varillo K.M., Makadon C., et al. The therapeutic alliance in medical-based interventions impacts outcome in treating alcohol dependence. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 2008, 95:230-236.
43. Easton C.J., Mandel D.L., Hunkele K.A., Nich C., Rounsaville B.J., Carroll K.M. A cognitive behavioral therapy for alcohol-dependent domestic violence offenders: An integrated substance abuse-domestic violence treatment approach (SADV). American Journal of Addiction 2007, 16:24-31.
44. Elkashef A., Vocci F., Huestis M., Haney M., Budney A., Gruber A., et al. Marijuana neurobiology and treatment. Substance Abuse 2008, 29:17-29.
45. Fallot R.D., Harris M. The trauma recovery and empowerment model (TREM): Conceptual and practical issues in a group intervention for women. Community Mental Health Journal 2002, 38:475-485.
46. Fals-Stewart W., Schafer J. The treatment of substance abusers diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder: An outcome study. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 1992, 9:365-370.
47. Fatseas M., Denis C., Lavie E., Auriacombe M. Relationship between anxiety disorders and opiate dependence - A systematic review of the literature: Implications for diagnosis and treatment. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 2010, 38:220-230.
48. Frank E., Swartz H.A., Kupfer D.J. Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy: Managing the chaos of bipolar disorder. Biological Psychiatry 2000, 48:593-604.
49. Garbutt J.C. The state of pharmacotherapy for the treatment of alcohol dependence. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 2009, 36:S15-S23.
50. Geller B., Cooper T.B., Sun K., Zimerman B., Frazier J., Williams M., et al. Double-blind and placebo-controlled study of lithium for adolescent bipolar disorders with secondary substance dependency. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 1998, 37:171-178.
51. Green A.I., Burgess E.S., Dawson R., Zimmet S.V., Strous R.D. Alcohol and cannabis use in schizophrenia: Effects of clozapine vs risperidone. Schizophrenia Research 2003, 60(1):81-85.
52. Green A.I., Salomon M.S., Brenner M.J., Rawlins K. Treatment of schizophrenia and comorbid substance use disorder. Current Drug Targets 2002, 1:129-138.
53. Green B., Young R., Kavanagh D. Cannabis use and misuse prevalence among people with psychosis. The British Journal of Psychiatry 2005, 187:306-313.
54. Gueorguieva R., Wu R., Donovan D., Rounsaville B.J., Couper D., Krystal J.H., et al. Naltrexone and combined behavioral intervention effects on trajectories of drinking in the COMBINE study. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 2010, 107:221-229.
55. Haney M., Hart C.L., Foltin R.W. Effects of baclofen on cocaine self-administration: Opioid-and nonopioid-dependent volunteers. Neuropsychopharmacology 2006, 31:1814-1821.
56. Herbeck D.M., Fitek D.J., Svikis D.S., Montoya I.D., Marcus S.C., West J.C. Treatment compliance in patients with comorbid psychiatric and substance use disorders. American Journal of Addiction 2005, 14(3):195-207.
57. Hesse M. Integrated psychological treatment for substance use and co-morbid anxiety or depression vs. treatment for substance use alone. A systematic review of the published literature. BMC Psychiatry 2009, 9:6.
58. Hides L., Samet S., Lubman D.I. Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for the treatment of co-occurring depression and substance use: Current evidence and directions for future research. Drug and Alcohol Review 2010, 29(5):508-517.
59. Hien D.A., Jiang H., Campbell A.N., Hu M.C., Miele G.M., Cohen L.R., et al. Do treatment improvements in PTSD severity affect substance use outcomes? A secondary analysis from a randomized clinical trial in NIDA's Clinical Trials Network. The American Journal of Psychiatry 2010, 167:95-101.
60. Hien D.A., Wells E.A., Jiang H., Suarez-Morales L., Campbell A.N., Cohen L.R., et al. Multisite randomized trial of behavioral interventions for women with cooccurring PTSD and substance use disorders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2009, 77:607-619.
61. Hjorthoj C., Fohlmann A., Nordentoft M. Treatment of cannabis use disorders in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders - A systematic review. Addictive Behaviors 2009, 34:520-525.
62. Hofmann S.G., Smits J.A. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for adult anxiety disorders: A meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 2008, 69:621-632.
63. Horsfall J., Cleary M., Hunt G.E., Walter G. Psychosocial treatments for people with co-occurring severe mental illnesses and substance use disorders (dual diagnosis): A review of empirical evidence. Harvard Review of Psychiatry 2009, 17(1):24-34.
64. Horvath A.O., Symonds B.D. Relation between working alliance and outcome in psychotherapy: A meta-analysis. Journal of Counseling Psychology 1991, 38:139-149.
65. Hser Y.I., Stark M.E., Paredes A., Huang D., Anglin M.D., Rawson R. A 12-year follow-up of a treated cocaine-dependent sample. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 2006, 30:219-226.
66. Jacobsen L.K., Southwick S.M., Kosten T.R. Substance use disorders in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder: A review of the literature. The American Journal of Psychiatry 2001, 158:1184-1190.
67. James W., Preston N.J., Koh G., Spencer C., Kisely S.R., Castle D.J. A group intervention which assists patients with dual diagnosis reduce their drug use: A randomized controlled trial. Psychology Medicine 2004, 34(6):983-990.
68. Jane-Llopis E., Matytsina I. Mental health and alcohol, drugs and tobacco: A review of the comorbidity between mental disorders and the use of alcohol, tobacco and illicit drugs. Drug and Alcohol Review 2006, 25:515-536.
69. Johnson B.A., Ait-Daoud N. Topiramate in the new generation of drugs: Efficacy in the treatment of alcoholic patients. Current Pharmaceutical Design 2010, 16(19):2103-2112.
70. Kadden R., Carroll K., Donovan D., Cooney N., Monti P., Abrams D., et al. Cognitive-behavioral coping skills therapy manual: A clinical research guide for therapists treating individuals with alcohol abuse and dependence. Vol. 3 1992, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.
71. Kampman K.M. What's new in the treatment of cocaine addiction?. Current Psychiatry Reports 2010, 12:441-447.
72. Karila L., Gorelick D., Weinstein A., Noble F., Benyamina A., Coscas S., et al. New treatments for cocaine dependence: A focused review. The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 2008, 11:425-438.
73. Karno M.P., Longabaugh R. Patient depressive symptoms and therapist focus on emotional material: A new look at Project Match. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 2003, 64:607-615.
74. Kay-Lambkin F.J., Baker A.L., Lewin T.J. The "co-morbidity roundabout": A framework to guide assessment and intervention strategies and engineer change among people with co-morbid problems. Drug and Alcohol Review 2004, 23:407-423.
75. Kemp D.E., Gao K., Ganocy S.J., Elhaj O., Bilali S.R., Conroy C., et al. A 6-month, double-blind, maintenance trial of lithium monotherapy versus the combination of lithium and divalproex for rapid-cycling bipolar disorder and cooccurring substance abuse or dependence. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 2009, 70(1):113-121.
76. Kenna G.L. Medications acting on the serotonergic system for the treatment of alcohol dependent patients. Current Pharmaceutical Design 2010, 16(19):2126-2135.
77. Kessler R.C., Ormel J., Petukhova M., McLaughlin K.A., Green J.G., Russo L.J., et al. Development of lifetime comorbidity in the World Health Organization world mental health surveys. Archives of General Psychiatry 2011, 68:90-100.
78. Krampe H., Ehrenreich H. Supervised disulfiram as adjunct to psychotherapy in alcoholism treatment. Current Pharmaceutical Design 2010, 16:2076-2090.
79. Kranzler H.R., Burleson J.A., Del Boca F.K., Babor T.F., Korner P., Brown J., et al. Buspirone treatment of anxious alcoholics. A placebo-controlled trial. Archives of General Psychiatry 1994, 51:720-731.
80. Labbate L.A., Sonne S.C., Randal C.L., Anton R.F., Brady K.T. Does comorbid anxiety or depression affect clinical outcomes in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder and alcohol use disorders?. Comprehensive Psychiatry 2004, 45:304-310.
81. Latt N., Jurd S., Tennant C., Lewis J., Macken L., Joseph A., et al. Alcohol and substance use by patients with psychosis presenting to an emergency department: Changing patterns. Australasian Psychiatry 2011, Aug 18, 19(4):354-359. (Electronic publication ahead of print).
82. Levin F.R., McDowell D., Evans S.M., Nunes E., Akerele E., Donovan S., et al. Pharmacotherapy for marijuana dependence: A double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study of divalproex sodium. The American Journal on Addictions 2004, 13:21-32.
83. Levin F.R., Hennessy G. Bipolar disorder and substance abuse. Biological Psychiatry 2004, 56(10):738-748.
84. Levin F.R., Evans S.M., Coomaraswammy S., Collins E.D., Regent N., Kleber H.D. Flupenthixol treatment for cocaine abusers with schizophrenia: A pilot study. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 1998, 24(3):343-360.
85. Leweke F.M., Gerth C.W., Klosterkotter J. Cannabis-associated psychosis: Current status of research. CNS Drugs 2004, 18:895-910.
86. Longabaugh R., Wirtz P.W., Gulliver S.B., Davidson D. Extended naltrexone and broad spectrum treatment or motivational enhancement therapy. Psychopharmacology 2009, 206:367-376.
87. Lubman D.I., King J.A., Castle D.J. Treating comorbid substance use disorders in schizophrenia. International Review of Psychiatry 2010, 22(2):191-201.
88. Lybrand J., Caroff S. Management of schizophrenia with substance use disorders. Psychiatric Clinics of North America 2009, 32(4):821-833.
89. Magura S., Rosenblum A., Betzler T. Substance use and mental health outcomes for comorbid patients in psychiatric day treatment. Substance Abuse: Research and Treatment 2009, 3:71-78.
90. Mancino M.J., McGaugh J., Feldman Z., Poling J., Oliveto A. Effect of PTSD diagnosis and contingency management procedures on cocaine use in dually cocaine-and opioid-dependent individuals maintained on LAAM: A retrospective analysis. The American Journal on Addictions 2010, 19:169-177.
91. Mann K., Hermann D. Individualised treatment in alcohol-dependent patients. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 2010, 260:S116-S120.
92. Maremmani I., Pacini M., Lamanna F., Pani P.P., Perugi G., Deltito J., et al. Mood stabilizers in the treatment of substance use disorders. CNS Spectrum 2010, 15(2):95-109.
93. Mariani J.J., Levin F.R. Pharmacotherapy for alcohol-related disorders: What clinicians should know. Harvard Review of Psychiatry 2004, 12:351-366.
94. Mark T.L., Kranzler H.R., Poole V.H., Hagen C.A., McLeod C., Crosse S. Barriers to the use of medications to treat alcoholism. The American Journal on Addictions 2003, 12:281-294.
95. Mark T.L., Kranzler H.R., Song X. Understanding US addiction physicians' low rate of naltrexone prescription. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 2003, 71:219-228.
96. Marsden J., Eastwood B., Bradbury C., Dale-Perera A., Farrell M., Hammond P., et al. Effectiveness of community treatments for heroin and crack cocaine addiction in England: A prospective, in-treatment cohort study. Lancet 2009, 374:1262-1270.
97. Martin D.J., Garske J.P., Davis M.K. Relation of the therapeutic alliance with outcome and other variables: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2000, 68:438-450.
98. Mason B.J., Kocsis J.H., Ritvo E.C., Cutler R.B. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of desipramine for primary alcohol dependence stratified on the presence or absence of major depression. Journal of the American Medical Association 1996, 275:761-767.
99. McCarthy E., Petrakis I. Epidemiology and management of alcohol dependence in individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder. CNS Drugs 2010, 24:997-1007.
100. McLellan A.T. Address to the steering committee of the National Institute on drug abuse clinical trials network, September 24th 2010, (Bethesda, MD).
101. McLellan A.T., Kushner H., Metzger D., Peters R., Smith I., Grissom G., et al. The fifth edition of the addiction severity index. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 1992, 9(3):199-213.
102. McRae A.L., Sonne S.C., Brady K.T., Kurkalski V., Palesch Y. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of buspirone for the treatment of anxiety in opioid-dependent individuals. The American Journal on Addictions 2004, 13:53-63.
103. Merikangas K.R., Kalaydjian A. Magnitude and impact of comorbidity of mental disorders from epidemiologic surveys. Current Opinion in Psychiatry 2007, 20:353-358.
104. Miklowitz D.J., Otto M.W., Frank E., Reilly-Harrington N.A., Kogan J.N., Sachs G.S., et al. Intensive psychosocial intervention enhances functioning in patients with bipolar depression: Results from a 9-month randomized controlled trial. The American Journal of Psychiatry 2007, 164:1340-1347.
105. Miklowitz D.J., Otto M.W., Frank E., Reilly-Harrington N.A., Wisniewski S.R., Kogan J.N., et al. Psychosocial treatments for bipolar depression: A 1-year randomized trial from the Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program. Archives of General Psychiatry 2007, 64:419-426.
106. Miller W.R., Rollnick S. Motivational interviewing: Preparing people to change addictive behavior 1991, Guilford Press, New York.
107. Miller W.R., Rollnick S. Motivational interviewing preparing people for change 2002, Guilford Press, New York.
108. Mills K.L., Teesson M., Ross J., Peters L. Trauma, PTSD, and substance use disorders: Findings from the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Well-Being. The American Journal of Psychiatry 2006, 163:652-658.
109. Milrod B., Leon A.C., Busch F., Rudden M., Schwalberg M., Clarkin J., et al. A randomized controlled clinical trial of psychoanalytic psychotherapy for panic disorder. The American Journal of Psychiatry 2007, 164:265-272.
110. Moak D.H., Anton R.F., Latham P.K., Voronin K.E., Waid R.L., Durazo-Arvizu R. Sertraline and cognitive behavioral therapy for depressed alcoholics: Results of a placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 2003, 23:553-562.
111. Moore T.H., Zammit S., Lingford-Hughes A., Barnes T.R., Jones P.B., Burke M., et al. Cannabis use and risk of psychotic or affective mental health outcomes: A systematic review. Lancet 2007, 370:319-328.
112. Moos R.H. Theory-based active ingredients of effective treatments for substance use disorders. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 2007, 88:109-121.
113. Najavits L.M., Weiss R.D., Shaw S.R. The link between substance abuse and posttraumatic stress disorder in women. A research review. The American Journal on Addictions 1997, 6:273-283.
114. Negrete J.C. Clinical aspects of substance abuse in persons with schizophrenia. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 2003, 48:14-21.
115. Nordstrom B.R., Levin F.R. Treatment of cannabis use disorders: A review of the literature. The American Journal on Addictions 2007, 16:331-342.
116. Nunes E.V., Levin F.R. Treatment of depression in patients with alcohol or other drug dependence: A meta-analysis. Journal of the American Medical Association 2004, 291:1887-1896.
117. Nunes E.V., McGrath P.J., Quitkin F.M., Ocepek-Welikson K., Stewart J.W., Koenig T., et al. Imipramine treatment of cocaine abuse: Possible boundaries of efficacy. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 1995, 39:185-195.
118. Nunes E.V., Quitkin F.M., Donovan S.J., Deliyannides D., Ocepek-Welikson K., Koenig T., et al. Imipramine treatment of opiate-dependent patients with depressive disorders. A placebo-controlled trial. Archives of General Psychiatry 1998, 55:153-160.
119. Orford J. Joining the queue of dissenters. Addiction 2008, 103:706-707.
120. Otto M.W., Smits J.A., Reese H.E. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for the treatment of anxiety disorders. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 2004, 65:34-41.
121. Peirce J.M., Petry N.M., Stitzer M.L., Blaine J., Kellogg S., Sutterfield F., et al. Effects of lower-cost incentives on stimulant abstinence in methadone maintenance treatment: A National Drug Abuse Treatment clinical Trials Network study. Archives of General Psychiatry 2006, 63:201-208.
122. Petry N.M., Peirce J.M., Stitzer M.L., Blaine J., Roll J.M., Cohen A., et al. Effect of prize-based incentives on outcomes in stimulant abusers in outpatient psychosocial treatment programs: A national drug abuse treatment clinical trials network study. Archives of General Psychiatry 2005, 62:1148-1156.
123. Petrakis I., Ralevski E., Nich C., Levinson C., Carroll K., Poling J., et al. Naltrexone and disulfiram in patients with alcohol dependence and current depression. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 2007, 27:160-165.
124. Petrakis I.L., Leslie D., Finney J.W., Rosenheck R. Atypical antipsychotic medication and substance use-related outcomes in the treatment of schizophrenia. The American Journal on Addictions 2006, 15:44-49.
125. Pettinati H.M. Antidepressant treatment of co-occurring depression and alcohol dependence. Biological Psychiatry 2004, 56:785-792.
126. Pittenger C., Kelmendi B., Bloch M., Krystal J.H., Coric V. Clinical treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. Psychiatry 2005, 2:34-43.
127. Polcin D.L., Galloway G.P., Palmer J., Mains W. The case for high-dose motivational enhancement therapy. Substance Use & Misuse 2004, 39:331-343.
128. Prochaska J.O., DiClemente C.C. Stages of change in the modification of problem behaviors. Progress in Behavior Modification 1992, 28:183-218.
129. Project MATCH Research Group Matching alcoholism treatments to client heterogeneity: Project MATCH posttreatment drinking outcomes. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 1997, 58:7-29.
130. Project MATCH Research Group Matching alcoholism treatments to client heterogeneity: Treatment main effects and matching effects on drinking during treatment. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 1998, 59:631-639.
131. Project MATCH Research Group Matching alcoholism treatments to client heterogeneity: Project MATCH three-year drinking outcomes. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research 1998, 22:1300-1311.
132. Quello S.B., Brady K.T., Sonne S.C. Mood disorders and substance use disorder: A complex comorbidity. Science & Practice Perspectives 2005, 3:13-21.
133. Randall C.L., Thomas S., Thevos A.K. Concurrent alcoholism and social anxiety disorder: A first step toward developing effective treatments. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research 2001, 25:210-220.
134. Randall C.L., Johnson M.R., Thevos A.K., Sonne S.C., Thomas S.E., Willard S.L., et al. Paroxetine for social anxiety and alcohol use in dual-diagnosed patients. Depression and Anxiety 2001, 14(4):255-262.
135. Ravindran L.N., Stein M.B. The pharmacologic treatment of anxiety disorders: A review of progress. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 2010, 71:839-854.
136. Rickels K., Zaninelli R., McCafferty J., Bellew K., Iyengar M., Sheehan D. Paroxetine treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study. The American Journal of Psychiatry 2003, 160:749-756.
137. Rocca P., Fonzo V., Scotta M., Zanalda E., Ravizza L. Paroxetine efficacy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 1997, 95:444-450.
138. Rubio G., Martinez I., Ponce G., Jimenez-Arriero M.A., Lopez-Munoz F., Alamo C. Long-acting injectable risperidone compared to zuclopenthixol in the treatment of schizophrenia with substance abuse comorbidity. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 2006, 51(8):531-539.
139. Saladin M.E., Drobes D.J., Coffey S.F., Dansky B.S., Brady K.T., Kilpatrick D.G. PTSD symptom severity as a predictor of cue-elicited drug craving in victims of violent crime. Addictive Behaviors 2003, 28:1611-1629.
140. Salloum I.M., Cornelius J.R., Daley D.C., Kirisci L., Himmelhoch J.M., Thase M.E. Efficacy of valproate maintenance in patients with bipolar disorder and alcoholism: A double-blind placebo-controlled study. Archives of General Psychiatry 2005, 62:37-45.
141. San L., Arranz B., Martinez-Raga J. Antipsychotic drug treatment of schizophrenic patients with substance abuse disorders. European Addiction Research 2007, 13:230-243.
142. Sayers S.L., Campbell E.C., Kondrich J., Mann S.C., Cornish J., O'Brien C., et al. Cocaine abuse in schizophrenic patients treated with olanzapine versus haloperidol. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 2005, 193:379-386.
143. Schade A., Marquenie L.A., van Balkom A.J., Koeter M.W., de Beurs E., van den Brink W., et al. The effectiveness of anxiety treatment on alcohol-dependent patients with a comorbid phobic disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research 2005, 29:794-800.
144. Schafer I., Najavits L.M. Clinical challenges in the treatment of patients with posttraumatic stress disorder and substance abuse. Current Opinion in Psychiatry 2007, 20:614-618.
145. Schmitz J.M., Averill P., Stotts A.L., Moeller F.G., Rhoades H.M., Grabowski J. Fluoxetine treatment of cocaine-dependent patients with major depressive disorder. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 2001, 63:207-214.
146. Schneier F.R., Foose T.E., Hasin D.S., Heimberg R.G., Liu S.M., Grant B.F., et al. Social anxiety disorder and alcohol use disorder co-morbidity in the National Epidemiologic Survey on alcohol and related conditions. Psychological Medicine 2010, 40:977-988.
147. Sevy S., Robinson D.G., Sunday S., Napolitano B., Miller R., McCormack J., et al. Olanzapine vs risperidone in patients with first-episode schizophrenia and a lifetime history of cannabis use disorders: 16-week clinical and substance use outcomes. Psychiatry Research 2011, June 1, 188(3):310-314. (Electronic publication ahead of print).
148. Shaffer H.J., Robbins M. Psychotherapy for addictive behavior: A stage change approach to meaning making. Psychotherapy and substance abuse: A practitioner's handbook 1995, The Guilford Press, New York. A.M. Washton (Ed.).
149. Simon N.M. Generalized anxiety disorder and psychiatric comorbidities such as depression, bipolar disorder, and substance abuse. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 2009, 70:10-14.
150. Siris S.G., Mason S.E., Bermanzohn P.C., Shuwall M.A., Aseniero M.A. Adjunctive imipramine in substance-abusing dysphoric schizophrenic patients. Psychopharmacology Bulletin 1993, 29(1):127-133.
151. Smelson D.A., Dixon L., Craig T., Remolina S., Batki S.L., Niv N., et al. Pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia and co-occurring substance use disorders. CNS Drugs 2008, 22:903-916.
152. Smelson D.A., Losonczy M.F., Davis C.W., Kaune M., Williams J., Ziedonis D. Risperidone decreases craving and relapses in individuals with schizophrenia and cocaine dependence. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 2002, 47:671-675.
153. Smelson D.A., Ziedonis D., Williams J., Losonczy M.F., Williams J., Steinberg M.L., et al. The efficacy of olanzapine for decreasing cue-elicited craving in individuals with schizophrenia and cocaine dependence: A preliminary report. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 2006, 26:9-12.
154. Soyka M., Rosner S. Opioid antagonists for pharmacological treatment of alcohol dependence - A critical review. Current Drug Abuse Reviews 2008, 1:280-291.
155. Soyka M., Alchmuller C., v Bardeleben U., Beneke M., Glaser T., Hornung-Knobel S., et al. Flupenthixol in relapse prevention in schizophrenics with comorbid alcoholism: Results from an open clinical study. European Addiction Research 2003, 9(2):65-72.
156. Stewart R.E., Chambless D.L. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for adult anxiety disorders in clinical practice: A meta-analysis of effectiveness studies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2009, 77:595-606.
157. Stulz N., Gallop R., Lutz W., Wrenn G.L., Crits-Christoph P. Examining differential effects of psychosocial treatments for cocaine dependence: An application of latent trajectory analyses. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 2010, 106:164-172.
158. Swendsen J., Conway K.P., Degenhardt L., Glantz M., Jin R., Merikangas K.R., et al. Mental disorders as risk factors for substance use, abuse and dependence: Results from the 10-year follow-up of the National Comorbidity Survey. Addiction 2010, 105:1117-1128.
159. Sysko R., Hildebrandt T. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for individuals with bulimia nervosa and a co-occurring substance use disorder. European Eating Disorders Review 2009, 17(2):89-100.
160. Teesson M., Mills K., Ross J., Darke S., Williamson A., Havard A. The impact of treatment on 3 years' outcome for heroin dependence: Findings from the Australian Treatment Outcome Study (ATOS). Addiction 2008, 2008:80-88.
161. Tenhula W.N., Bennett M.E., Strong-Kinnaman J.E. Behavioral treatment of substance abuse in schizophrenia. Journal of Clinical Psychology 2009, 65(8):831-841.
162. Thornquist E., Bunkan B. Hva er psykomotorisk behandling? (What is psychomotor physiotherapy?) 1990, Universitetsforlaget, Oslo.
163. Tiet Q.Q., Mausbach B. Treatments for patients with dual diagnosis: A review. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research 2007, 31:513-536.
164. Titievsky J., Seco G., Barranco M., Kyle E.M. Doxepin as adjunctive therapy for depressed methadone maintenance patients: A double-blind study. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 1982, 43:454-456.
165. Torrens M., Fonseca F., Mateu G., Farre M. Efficacy of antidepressants in substance use disorders with and without comorbid depression. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Drug and Alcohol Dependence 2005, 78:1-22.
166. Trafton J.A., Minkel J., Humphreys K. Opioid substitution treatment reduces substance use equivalently in patients with and without posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Studies on Alcohol 2006, 67:228-235.
167. Triffleman E., Carroll K., Kellogg S. Substance dependence post-traumatic stress disorder therapy. An integrated cognitive-behavioral approach. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 1999, 17:3-14.
168. Upadhyaya H.P. Managing attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the presence of substance use disorder. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 2007, 68:23-30.
169. Van Nimwegen L.J., de Haan L., van Beveren N.J., van der Helm M., van den Brink W., Linszen D. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 2008, 53(6):400-405.
170. Van Zaane J., van den Brink W., Draisma S., Smit J.H., Nolen W.A. The effect of moderate and excessive alcohol use on the course and outcome of patients with bipolar disorders: A prospective cohort study. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 2010, 71:885-893.
171. Veilleux J.C., Colvin P.J., Anderson J., York C., Heinz A.J. A review of opioid dependence treatment: Pharmacological and psychosocial interventions to treat opioid addiction. Clinical Psychology Review 2010, 30:155-166.
172. Weinstock J., Rash C.J., Petry N.M. Contingency management for cocaine use in methadone maintenance patients: When does abstinence happen?. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors 2010, 24:282-291.
173. Weiss R.D., Griffin M.L., Greenfield S.F., Najavits L.M., Wyner D., Soto J.A., et al. Group therapy for patients with bipolar disorder and substance dependence: Results of a pilot study. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 2000, 61(5):361-367.
174. Weiss R.D., Najavits L.M., Greenfield S.F. A relapse prevention group for patients with bipolar and substance use disorders. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 1999, 16:47-54.
175. Wilson N., Cadet J.L. Comorbid mood, psychosis, and marijuana abuse disorders: A theoretical review. Journal of Addictive Diseases 2009, 28:309-319.
176. Wobrock T., Soyka M. Pharmacotherapy of patients with schizophrenia and substance abuse. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy 2009, 10:353-367.
177. Wobrock T., Soyka M. Pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia with comorbid substance use disorder - Reviewing the evidence and clinical recommendations. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry 2008, 32:1375-1385.
178. Woody G.E., O[U+201F]Brien C.P., Rickels K. Depression and anxiety in heroin addicts: A placebo-controlled study of doxepin in combination with methadone. The American Journal of Psychiatry 1975, 132:447-450.
179. Zatzick D., Roy-Byrne P., Russo J., et al. A randomized effectiveness trial of stepped collaborative care for acutely injured trauma survivors. Archives of General Psychiatry 2004, 61:498-506.
180. Zhang Z., Friedmann P.D., Gerstein D.R. Does retention matter? Treatment duration and improvement in drug use. Addiction 2003, 98:673-684.
181. Ziedonis D., Richardson T., Lee E., Petrakis I., Kosten T. Adjunctive desipramine in the treatment of cocaine abusing schizophrenics. Psychopharmacology Bulletin 1992, 28(3):309-314.
182. Ziedonis D.M., Smelson D., Rosenthal R.N., Batki S.L., Green A.I., Henry R.J., et al. Improving the care of individual with schizophrenia and substance use disorders: Consensus recommendations. Journal of Psychiatric Practice 2005, 11(5):315-339.
183. Zvolensky M.J., Schmidt N.B. Anxiety and substance use disorders: Introduction to the special series. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 2004, 18:1-6.
184. Zweben A., Pettinati H.M., Weiss R.D., Youngblood M., Cox C.E., Mattson M.E., et al. Relationship between medication adherence and treatment outcomes: The COMBINE study. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research 2008, 32:1661-1669.