Pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia with comorbid substance use disorder - Reviewing the evidence and clinical recommendations

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry

Volumn 32, Issue 6, 2008, Pages 1375-1385

  Wobrock, T ^a,c   Soyka, M ^b,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GÖTTINGEN   (Germany)

^b LUDWIG MAXIMILIANS UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^c Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Antipsychotics; Pharmacotherapy; Schizophrenia; Substance use disorder

Indexed keywords

ACAMPROSATE; ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; ARIPIPRAZOLE; BENZAMIDE; BIPERIDEN; CARBAMAZEPINE; CLOZAPINE; DESIPRAMINE; DISULFIRAM; FLUPHENAZINE DECANOATE; HALOPERIDOL; IMIPRAMINE; LAMOTRIGINE; LITHIUM; MOOD STABILIZER; NALMEFENE; NALOXONE; NALTREXONE; NEUROLEPTIC AGENT; OLANZAPINE; PERPHENAZINE; PLACEBO; QUETIAPINE; RISPERIDONE; TIAPRIDE; ZIPRASIDONE; ZOTEPINE; ZUCLOPENTHIXOL DECANOATE;

ADD ON THERAPY; ALCOHOL ABSTINENCE; ALCOHOLISM; CLINICAL FEATURE; CLINICAL PRACTICE; COMORBIDITY; DISEASE EXACERBATION; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG SAFETY; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; EXTRAPYRAMIDAL SYNDROME; HUMAN; INTOXICATION; LEUKOPENIA; MENTAL DISEASE; PSYCHOSIS; REVIEW; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SUBSTANCE ABUSE; TREATMENT INDICATION; TREATMENT OUTCOME; WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME;

ALCOHOL DETERRENTS; ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS; ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS; COMBINED MODALITY THERAPY; DIAGNOSIS, DUAL (PSYCHIATRY); DISULFIRAM; GUIDELINES AS TOPIC; HUMANS; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SCHIZOPHRENIC PSYCHOLOGY; SUBSTANCE-RELATED DISORDERS;

EID: 48049086129     PISSN: 02785846     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2008.02.008     Document Type: Review

References (102)

1. Albanese M.J. Safety and efficacy of risperidone in substance abusers with psychosis. Am J Addict 10 2 (2001) 190-191
2. Albanese M.J., Khantzian E.J., Murphy S.L., and Green A.I. Decreased substance use in chronically psychotic patients treated with clozapine. Am J Psychiatry 151 (1994) 780-781 (letter)
3. Akerele E., and Levin F.R. Comparison of olanzapine to risperidone in substance-abusing individuals with schizophrenia. Am J Addict 16 (2007) 260-268
4. Ballenger J.C., and Post R.M. Carbamazepine in alcohol withdrawal syndromes and schizophrenic psychoses. Psychopharmacol Bull 20 3 (1984) 572-584
5. Batki S.L., Dimmock J.A., Wade M., Gately P.W., Cornell M., Maisto S.A., et al. Monitored naltrexone without counselling for alcohol abuse/dependence in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. Am J Addict 16 (2007) 253-259
6. Beresford T.P., Clapp L., Martin B., and Wiberg J.L. Aripiprazole in schizophrenia with cocaine dependence. A pilot study. J Clin Psychopharmacol 25 4 (2005) 363-366
7. Berk M., Brook S., and Trandafir A.I. A comparison of olanzapine with haloperidol in cannabis-induced psychotic disorder: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 14 3 (1999) 177-180
8. Berk M., Brook S., and Nur F. Risperidone compared to haloperidol in cannabis-induced psychotic disorder: a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Int J Psych Clin Pract 4 (2000) 139-142
9. Bowers Jr. M.B., Mazure C.M., Nelson J.C., and Jatlow P.I. Psychotogenic drug use and neuroleptic response. Schizophr Bull 16 1 (1990) 81-85
10. Brown E.S., Nejtek V.A., Perantie D.C., Thomas N.R., and Rush A.J. Cocaine and amphetamine use in patients wih psychiatric illness. A randomized trial of typical antipsychotic continuation or discontinuation. J Clin Psychopharmacol 23 (2003) 384-388
11. Brunette M.F., Drake R.E., Xie H., McHugo G.J., and Green A.I. Clozapine use and relapses of substance use disorder among patients with co-occuring schizophrenia and substance use disorders. Schizophr Bull 32 4 (2006) 637-643
12. Buckley P., Thompson P.A., Way L., and Meltzer H.Y. Substance use among patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia: characteristics and implication for clozapine therapy. Am J Psychiatry 151 (1994) 385-389
13. Buckley P., Thompson P.A., Way L., and Meltzer H.Y. Substance use and clozapine treatment. J Clin Psychiatry 55 Suppl. B (1994) 114-116
14. Buckley P.F. Novel Antipsychoticmedications and the treatment of comorbid substance abuse in schizophrenia. J Subst Abuse Treat 15 2 (1998) 113-116
15. Cantor-Graae E., Nordstrom L.G., and McNeil T.F. Substance abuse in schizophrenia: a review of the literature and a study of correlates in Sweden. Schizophr Res 48 (2001) 69-82
16. Carey K.B. Substance use reduction in the context of outpatient psychiatric treatment: a collaborative, motivational, harm reduction approach. Com Ment Health J 32 (1996) 291-306
17. Chambers R.A., Krystal J.H., and Self D.W. A neurobiological basis for substance abuse comorbidity in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 50 (2001) 71-83
18. Cohen L.J., Test M.A., and Brown R.J. Suicide and schizophrenia: data from a prospective community treatment study. Am J Psychiatry 147 (1990) 602-607
19. Conley R.R., Kelly D.L., and Gale E.A. Olanzapine response in treatment-refractory schizophrenic patients with a history of substance abuse. Schizophr Res 33 (1998) 95-101
20. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Nervenheilkunde (DGPPN). S3 - practice guidelines in psychiatry and psychotherapy. In: Gaebel W., Falkai P., Weinmann S., and Wobrock T. (Eds). Book 1, practice guideline schizophrenia. Guideline Development Group (2006), Steinkopff, Darmstadt
21. Dickey B., and Azeni H. Persons with dual diagnosis of substance abuse and major mental illness: their excess costs of psychiatric care. Am J Pub Health 86 (1996) 973-977
22. Dixon L., Haas G., Weiden P.J., Sweeney J., and Frances A.J. Drug abuse in schizophrenic patients: clinical correlates and reasons for use. Am J Psychiatry 14 (1991) 224-230
23. Drake R.E., and Mueser K.T. Psychosocial approaches to dual diagnosis. Schizophr Bull 26 (2000) 105-118
24. Drake R.E., Xie H., McHugo G.J., and Green A.I. The effects of clozapine on alcohol and drug use disorders among patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 26 2 (2000) 441-449
25. Ewing J.A., Meuller R.A., Rouse B.A., and Silver D. Low levels of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase and psychosis. Am J Psychiatry 134 (1977) 927-928
26. Falkai P., Wobrock T., Lieberman J., Glenthoj B., Gattaz W.F., Moller H.J., et al. World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for biological treatment of schizophrenia, part 1: acute treatment of schizophrenia. World J Biol Psychiatry 6 3 (2005) 132-191
27. Farren C.K., Hameedi F.A., Rosen M.A., Woods S., Jatlow P., and Kosten T.R. Significant interaction between clozapine and cocaine in cocaine addicts. Drug Alcohol Depend 59 (2000) 153-163
28. Gawin F.H. Neuroleptic reduction of cocaine-induced paranoia but not euphoria?. Psychopharmacology 90 (1986) 142-143
29. Gerra G., Di Petta G., D'Amore A., Iannotta P., Bardicchia F., Falorni F., et al. Combination of olanzapine with opioid-agonists in the treatment of heroin-addicted patients affected by comorbid schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Clin Neuropharmacol 30 (2007) 127-135
30. Gold M.S., Donabedian R.K., Dillard M., Slobetz F.W., Riordan C.E., and Kleber H.D. Antipsychotic effect opiate agonists. Lancet 2 (1978) 398-399
31. Gouzoulis-Mayfrank E. Dual diagnosis of psychosis and addiction. From principles to practice. Nervenarzt 75 7 (2004) 642-650
32. Green A.I. Schizophrenia and comorbid substance use disorder: effects of antipsychotics. J Clin Psychiatry 66 Suppl 6 (2005) 21-26
33. Green A.I. Pharmacotherapy for schizophrenia and co-occurring substance use disorders. Neurotox Res 11 1 (2007) 33-39
34. Green A.I., Burgess E.S., Dawson R., Zimmet S.V., and Strous R.D. Alcohol and cannabis use in schizophrenia: effects of clozapine vs. risperidone. Schizophr Res 60 1 (2003) 81-85
35. Green A.I., Tohen M.F., Hamer R.M., Strakowski S.M., Lieberman J.A., Glick I., et al. First episode schizophrenia-related psychosis and substance use disorders: acute response to olanzapine and haloperidol. Schizophr Res 66 2-3 (2004) 125-135
36. Gupta N., and Basu D. Does risperidon reduce concomitant substance abuse in cases of schizophrenia?. Can J Psychiatry 46 (2001) 862-863
37. Haywood T.W., Kravitz H.M., Grossman L.S., Cavanaugh Jr. J.L., Davis J.M., and Lewis D.A. Predicting the "revolving door" phenomenon among patients with schizophrenic, schizoaffective, and affective disorders. Am J Psychiatry 152 (1995) 856-861
38. Kalyoncu A., Mirsal H., Pektas O., Unsalan N., Tan D., and Beyazyurek M. Use of lamotrigine to augment clozapine in patients with resistant schizophrenia and comorbid alcohol dependence: a potent anti-craving effect?. J Psychopharmacol 19 3 (2005) 301-305
39. Kelly D.L., Gale E.A., and Conley R.R. Clozapine treatment in patients with prior substance abuse. Can J Psychiatry 48 (2003) 111-114
40. Khantzian E.J. The self-medication hypothesis of substance use disorders: a reconsideration and recent applications. Harv Rev Psychiatry 4 (1997) 231-244
41. Kofoed L., Kania J., Walsh T., and Atkinson R.M. Outpatient treatment of patients with substance abuse and coexisting psychiatric disorders. Am J Psychiatry 143 (1986) 867-872
42. Kosten T.R., and Kleber H.D. Rapid death during cocaine abuse: variant of the neuroleptic malignant syndrome?. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 14 (1988) 335-346
43. Kovasznay B., Fleischer J., Tanenberg-Karant M., Jandorf L., Miller A.D., and Bromet E. Substance use disorder and the early course of illness in schizophrenia and affective psychosis. Schizophr Bull 23 (1997) 195-201
44. Lacro J.P., Dunn L.B., Dolder C.R., Leckband S.G., and Jeste D.V. Prevalence of and risk factors for medication nonadherence in patients with schizophrenia: a comprehensive review of recent literature. J Clin Psychiatry 63 (2002) 892-909
45. Lee M.L., Dickson R.A., Campbell M., Oliphant J., Gretton H., and Dalby J.T. . Clozapine and substance abuse in patients with schizophrenia. Can J Psychiatry 43 (1998) 855-856 (letter)
46. Levin R.F., Evans S.M., Coomaraswammy S., Collins E.D., Regent N., and Kleber H.D. Flupentixol treatment for cocaine abusers with schizophrenia: a pilot study. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 24 (1998) 343-360
47. Lieberman J.A., Stroup T.S., McEvoy J.P., Swartz M.S., Rosenheck R.A., Perkins D.O., et al. Effectiveness of antipsychotic drugs in patients with chronic schizophrenia. N Engl J Med 353 (2005) 1209-1223
48. Linszen D.H., Dingemans P.M., and Lenior M.E. Cannabis abuse and course of recent-onset schizophrenic disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 51 (1994) 273-279
49. Littrell K.H., Petty R.G., Hilligoss N.M., Peabody C.D., and Johnson C.G. Olanzapine treatment for patients with schizophrenia and substance abuse. J Subst Abuse Treat 21 (2001) 217-221
50. Major L.F., Lerner P., Ballenger J.C., Brown G.L., Goodwin F.K., and Lovenberg W. Dopamine-β-hydroxylase in the cerebrospinal fluid: relationship to disulfiram-induced psychosis. Biol Psychiatry 14 (1978) 337-343
51. Marcus P., and Snyder R. Reduction of comorbid substance abuse with clozapine. Am J Psychiatry 152 (1995) 959 (letter)
52. Maxwell S., and Shinderman M.S. Use of naltrexone in the treatment of alcohol use disorders in patients with concomitant major mental illness. J Addict Dis 19 (2000) 61-69
53. McHugo G.J., Drake R.E., Burton H.L., and Ackerson T.H. A scale for assessing the stage of substance abuse treatment in persons with severe mental illness. J Nerv Ment Dis 183 (1995) 762-767
54. Mueser K.T., Yarnold P.R., Levinson D.R., Singh H., Bellack A.S., Kee K., et al. Prevalence of substance abuse in schizophrenia: demographic and clinical correlates. Schizophr Bull 16 (1990) 31-56
55. Mueser K.T., Drake R.E., and Wallach M.A. Dual diagnosis: a review of etiological theories. Addict Behav 23 (1998) 717-734
56. Mueser K.T., Noordsy D.L., Fox L., and Wolfe R. Disulfiram treatment for alcoholism in severe mental illness. Am J Addict 12 3 (2003) 242-252
57. National Institute for Clinical Excellence. Core interventions in the treatment of schizophrenia (2003), NICE, London. http://www.nice.org.uk www.nice.org.uk
58. Noordsy D.L., and O'Keefe C. Effectiveness of combining atypical antipsychotics and psychosocial rehabilitation in a community mental health center setting. J Clin Psychiatry 60 Suppl. 19 (1999) 47-51
59. Noordsy D.L., and Green A.I. Pharmacotherapy for schizophrenia and co-occurring substance use disorders. Curr Psychiatry Rep 5 (2003) 340-346
60. Noordsy D.L., O'Keefe C., Mueser K.T., and Xie H. Six-month outcomes for patients who switched to olanzapine treatment. Psychiatr Serv 52 (2001) 501-507
61. Olivera A.A., Kiefer M.W., and Manley N.K. Tardive dyskinesia in psychiatric patients with substance abuse. Am J Alcohol Abuse 16 (1990) 57-66
62. Owen C., Rutherford V., Jones M., Tennant C., and Smallman A. Noncompliance in psychiatric aftercare. Com Ment Health J 33 (1997) 25-34
63. Petrakis I.L., O'Malley S., Rounsaville B., Poling J., McHugh-Strong C., Krystal J.H., et al. Naltrexone augmentation of neuroleptic treatment in alcohol abusing patients with schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 172 3 (2004) 291-297
64. Petrakis I.L., Leslie D., Finney J.W., and Rosenheck R. Atypical antipsychotic medication and substance use-related outcomes in the treatment of schizophrenia. Am J Addict 15 1 (2006) 44-49
65. Potvin S., Stip E., and Roy J.Y. Clozapine, quetiapine and olanzapine among addicted schizophrenic patients: towards testable hypotheses. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 18 (2003) 121-132
66. Potvin S., Stip E., and Roy J.Y. The effect of quetiapine on cannabis use in 8 psychosis patients with drug dependency. Can J Psychiatry 49 10 (2004) 711
67. Potvin S., Stip E., Lipp O., Elie R., Mancini-Marie A., Demers M.F., et al. Quetiapine in patients with comorbid schizophrenia-spectrum and substance use disorders: an open-label trial. Curr Med Res Opin 22 7 (2006) 1277-1285
68. Rasanen P., Tiihonen J., Isohanni M., Rantakallio P., Lehtonen J., and Moring J. Schizophrenia, alcohol abuse, and violent behavior: a 26 year follow-up study of an unselected birth cohort. Schizophr Bull 24 (1998) 437-441
69. Regier D.A., Farmer M.E., Rae D.S., Locke B.Z., Keith S.J., Judd L.L., et al. Comorbidity of mental disorders with alcohol and other drug abuse: results from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) study. JAMA 264 (1990) 2511-2518
70. Richard M.L., Liskow B.I., and Perry P.J. Recent psychostimulant use in hospitalized schizophrenics. J Clin Psychiatry 46 (1985) 79-83
71. Roesner S., Leucht S., Lehert P., and Soyka M. Acamprosate supports abstinence, naltrexone prevents excessive drinking: evidence from a meta-analysis with unreported outcomes. J Psychopharmacol 22 1 (2008) 11-23
72. Roth R.M., Brunette M.F., and Green A.I. Treatment of substance use disorders in schizophrenia: a unifying neurobiological mechanism?. Curr Psychiatry Rep 7 4 (2005) 283-291
73. Rubio G., Martinez I., Ponce G., Jimenez-Arriero M.A., Lopez-Munoz F., and Alamo C. Long-acting injectable risperidone compared with zuclopenthixol in the treatment of schizophrenia with substance abuse comorbidity. Can J Psychiatry 51 8 (2006) 531-539
74. Sayers S.L., Campbell E.C., Kondrich J., Mann S.C., Cornish J., O'Brien C., et al. Cocaine abuse in schizophrenic patients treated with olanzapine versus haloperidol. J Nerv Ment Dis 193 6 (2005) 379-386
75. Scheller-Gilkey G., Woolwine B.J., Cooper I., Olumuyiwa G., Moynes K.A., and Miller A.H. Relationship of clinical symptoms and substance use in schizophrenia patients on conventional versus atypical antipsychotics. Am J Drug Alcholoc Abuse 29 (2003) 553-566
76. Schilkrut R., Cabrera J., Morales E., and Herrera L. Neuroleptics in the treatment of drug dependence in schizophrenics. A study with flupenthixol decanoate. Psychopharmacology 96 (1998) 342 (Suppl.) (Abstract Nr. 33.01.50)
77. Seibyl J.P., Satel S.L., Anthony D., Southwick S.M., Krystal J.H., and Charney D.S. Effects of cocaine on hospital course in schizophrenia. J Nerv Ment Dis 181 (1993) 31-37
78. Sernyak M.J., Glazer W.M., Heninger G.R., Charney D.S., Woods S.W., Petrakis I.L., et al. Naltrexone augmentation of neuroleptics in schizophrenia. J Clin Psychopharmacol 18 3 (1998) 248-251
79. Siris S.G., Kane J.M., Frechen K., Sellew A.P., Mandeli J., and Fasano-Dube B. Histories of substance abuse in patients with postpsychotic depressions. Compr Psychiatry 29 6 (1988) 550-557
80. Siris S.G. Pharmacological treatment of substance-abusing schizophrenic patients. Schizophr Bull 16 (1990) 111-122
81. Siris S.G., Mason S.E., Bermanzohn P.C., Shuwall M.A., and Aseniero M.A. Dual diagnosis/psychiatric comorbidity of drug dependence: epidemiology and treatment. Adjunctive imipramine in substance-abusing dysphoric schizophrenic patients. Psychopharmacol Bull 29 (1993) 127-133
82. Smelson D.A., Losonczy M.F., Davis C.W., Kaune M., Williams J., and Ziedonis D. Risperidone decreases craving and relapses in individuals with schizophrenia and cocaine dependence. Can J Psychiatry 47 (2002) 671-675
83. Smelson D.A., Ziedonis D., Williams J., Losonczy M.F., Williams J., Steinberg M.L., et al. The efficacy of olanzapine for decreasing cue-elicited craving in individuals with schizophrenia and cocaine dependence: a preliminary report. J Clin Psychopharmacol 26 1 (2006) 9-12
84. Soni S.D., and Brownlee M. Alcohol abuse in chronic schizophrenics: implications for management in the community. Acta Psychiatr Scand 84 (1991) 272-276
85. Soyka M. Dual diagnosis in patients with schizophrenia. Issues in pharmacological treatment. CNS Drugs 5 (1996) 414-425
86. Soyka M., and Sand P. Successful treatment with flupenthixol decanoate of a patient with both schizophrenia and alcoholism. Pharmacopsychiatry 28 (1995) 64-65
87. Soyka M., Albus M., Kathmann N., Finelli A., Hofstetter S., Holzbach R., et al. Prevalence of alcohol and drug abuse in schizophrenia inpatients. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 242 (1993) 272-362
88. Soyka M., Aichmüller C., von Bardeleben U., Beneke M., Glaser T., Hornung-Knobel S., et al. Flupenthixol in relapse prevention in schizophrenics with comorbid alcoholism: results from an open clinical study. Eur Addict Res 9 (2003) 65-72
89. Soyka M., Kranzler H.R., Berglund M., Gorelick D., Hesselbrock V., Johnson B.A., et al. Guidelines for biological treatment of substance use and related disorders, part 1: alcoholism. World J Biol Psychiatry 9 1 (2008) 6-23
90. Stuyt E.B., Sajbel T.A., and Allen M.H. Differing effects of antipsychotic medications on substance abuse treatment patients with co-occurring psychotic and substance abuse disorders. Am J Addict 15 (2006) 166-173
91. Swofford C.D., Kasckow J.W., Scheller-Gilkey G., and Inderbitzin L.B. Substance use: a powerful predictor of relapse in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 20 (1996) 145-151
92. Tsuang J., Eckman T.E., Shaner A., and Marder S.R. Clozapine for substance-abusing schizophrenic patients. Am J Psychiatry 156 (1999) 1119-1120 (letter)
93. Tsuang J., Marder S.R., Han A., and Hsieh W. Olanzapine treatment for patients with schizophrenia and cocaine abuse. J Clin Psychiatry 63 (2002) 1180-1181 (letter)
94. Tsuang J., Eckman T., Marder S.R., and Tucker D. Can risperidone reduce cocaine use in substance abusing schizophrenic patients?. J Clin Psychiatry 22 6 (2002) 629-630 (letter)
95. Weisman R.L. Quetiapine in the successful treatment of schizophrenia with comorbid alcohol and drug dependence: a case report. Int J Psychiatry Med 33 (2003) 85-89
96. Wilkins J.N. Pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia patients with comorbid substance abuse. Schizophr Bull 23 (1997) 215-228
97. Wobrock T., Falkai P., and Pajonk F.G. Acute treatment of schizophrenia. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 72 (2004) 705-726
98. Wobrock T., Pajonk F.G., D' Amelio R., and Falkai P. Schizophrenia and addiction. PsychoNeuro 31 9 (2005) 433-440
99. Yovell Y., and Opler L.A. Clozapine reverses cocaine craving in a treatment-resistant mentally ill chemical abuser: a case report and a hypothesis. J Nerv Ment Dis 182 (1994) 591-592 (letter)
100. Ziedonis D.M., Richardson T., Lee E., Petrakis I., and Kosten T.R. Adjunctive desipramine in the treatment of cocaine abusing schizophrenics. Psychopharmacol Bull 28 (1992) 309-314
101. Ziedonis D.M., Smelson D., Rosenthal R.N., Batki L., Green A.I., Henry R.J., et al. Improving the care of individuals with schizophrenia and substance use disorders: consensus recommendations. J Psychiatr Pract 11 5 (2005) 315-339
102. Zimmet S., Strous R.D., Burgess E., Kohnstamm S., and Green A.I. Effects of clozapine on substance use in patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol 20 (2000) 94-98