Drug Therapy in the Elderly

Principles of Clinical Pharmacology

Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages 375-388

  Abernethy, Darrell R ^a  

^a NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON AGING   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 80054721306     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-012369417-1/50064-X     Document Type: Chapter

References (102)

1. Smith JW, Seidl LG, Cluff LE. Studies on the epi-demiology of adverse drug reactions. V. Clinical factors influencing susceptibility. Ann Intern Med 1966, 65:1462-1470.
2. Hutchinson TA, Flegel KM, Kramer MS, Leduc DG, Kong HH. Frequency severity and risk factors for adverse drug reactions in adult outpatients. J Chronic Dis 1986, 39:669-670.
3. Gurwitz JH, Field TS, Avorn J, McCormick D, Jain S, Eckler M, Benser M, Edmondson AC, Bates DW. Incidence and preventability of adverse drug events in the nursing home setting. Am J Med 2000, 109:122-124.
4. Hall DA The biomedical basis of gerontology 1984, John Wright PSG, Inc., Littleton, MA.
5. Davies DF, Shock NW. Age changes in glomerular filtration rate, effective renal plasma flow, and tubu-lar excretory capacity in adult males. J Clin Invest 1950, 29:472A.
6. Cockcroft DW, Gault MH. Prediction of creati-nine clearance from serum creatinine. Nephron 1976, 16:19777-19781.
7. Morike K, Schwab M, Klotz U. Use of aminoglyco-sides in elderly patients: Pharmacokinetic and clinical considerations. Drugs Aging 1997, 10:1 157-1 167.
8. Sproule BA, Hardy BG, Shulman KI. Differential pharmacokinetics of lithium in elderly patients. Drugs Aging 2000, 16:19-24.
9. Cusack B, Kelly J, O'Malley K, Noel J, Lavan J, Horgan J. Digoxin in the elderly: Pharmacokinetic consequences of old age. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1979, 25:1053-1074.
10. Drayer DE, Romankiewicz J, Lorenzo B, Reidenberg MM. Age and renal clearance of cimetidine. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1982, 31:544-548.
11. Reidenberg MM, Camacho M, Kluger J, Drayer DE. Aging and renal clearance of procainamide and acetylprocainamide. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1980, 28:469-472.
12. Greenblatt DJ, Abernethy DR, Locniskar A, Harmatz JS, Limjuco RA, Shader RI. Effect of age gender and obesity on midazolam kinetics. Anesthesiology 1984, 61:13-28.
13. Greenblatt DJ, Divoll M, Abernethy DR, Moschitto LJ, Smith RB, Shader R. Reduced clearance of triazolam in old age: Relation to antipyrine oxidizing capacity. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1983, 15:212-219.
14. Greenblatt DJ, Harmatz JS, Shapiro L, Engelhardt N, Gouthro TA, Shader RI. Sensitivity to triazolam in the elderly. N Engl J Med 1991, 324:29-67.
15. Watkins PB, Wrighton SA, Schuetz EG, Molowa DT, Guzelian PS. Identification of glucocorticoid-inducible cytochromes P-450 in the intestinal mucosa of rats and man. J Clin Invest 1987, 80:289-293.
16. Gatmaitan ZC, Arias IM. Structure and function of P-glycoprotein in normal liver and small intestine. Adv Pharmacol 1993, 24:165-168.
17. Shepherd AMM, Hewick DS, Moreland TA, Stevenson IH, et al. Age as a determinant of sensitivity to warfarin. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1977, 4:439-452.
18. Bauer LA, Blouin RA. Age and phenytoin kinetics in adult epileptics. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1982, 31:284-294.
19. Jusko WJ, Gardner MJ, Mangione A, Schentag JJ, Koup JR, Vance JW. Factors affecting theophylline clearances: Age, tobacco, marijuana, cirrhosis, con-gestive heart failure, obesity, oral contraceptives, ben-zodiazepines, ba. J Pharm Sci 1979, 68:220-233.
20. Raz N Aging of the brain and its impact on cognitive performance: Integration of structural and functional findings. The handbook of aging and cognition 2000, 123-138. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ. 2nd ed. F.I.M. Craik, T.A. Salthouse (Eds.).
21. Volkow ND, Gur RC, Wang G-J, Fowler JS, Moberg PJ, Ding Y-S, Hitzemann R, Smith G, Logan J. Association between decline in brain dopamine activ-ity with age and cognitive and motor impairment in healthy individuals. Am J Psychiatry 1998, 155:485-505.
22. Schnider TW, Minto CF, Shafer SL, Gambus PL, Andresen C, Goodale DB, Youngs EJ. The influence of age on propofol pharmacodynamics. Anesthesiology 1999, 90:45-51.
23. Olmos M, Ballester JA, Vidarte A, Elizalde JL, Escobar A. The combined effect of age and pre-medication on the propofol requirements for induc-tion by target controlled infusion. Anesth Analg 2000, 90:161-174.
24. Scott JC, Stanski DR. Decreased fentanyl and alfen-tanil dose requirements with age. A simultaneous pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic evaluation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1987, 240:625-634.
25. Stanski DR, Maitre PO. Population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of thiopental: The effect of age revisited. Anesthesiology 1990, 72:419-425.
26. Jacobs JR, Reves JG, Marty J, White WD, Bai SA, Smith LR. Aging increases pharmacodynamic sensi-tivity to the hypnotic effects of midazolam. Anesth Analg 1995, 80:312-325.
27. Ray WA, Griffin MR, Downey W. Benzodiazepines of long and short elimination half-life and the risk of hip fracture. JAMA 1989, 262:583-588.
28. Greenblatt DJ, Shader RI, Abernethy DR. Drug therapy: Current status of benzodiazepines. N Engl J Med 1983, 309-354-358:42-47.
29. Greenblatt DJ, Allen MD, Shader RI. Toxicity of high-dose flurazepam in the elderly. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1977, 21:393-398.
30. Saltz BL, Woerner MG, Kane JM, Lieberman JA, Alvir JMJ, Bergmann KJ, Blank K, Koblenzer J, Kahaner K. Prospective study of tardive dyskinesia incidence in the elderly. JAMA 1991, 266:268-272.
31. Jeste DV, Caligiuri MP, Paulsen JS, Heaton RK, Lacro JP, Harris J, Bailey A, Fell RL, McAdams LA. Risk of tardive dyskinesia in older patients: A prospective longitudinal study of 266 outpatients. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1995, 52:351-359.
32. Woerner MG, Alvir JMJ, Saltz BL, Lieberman JA, Kane JM. Prospective study of tardive dyskinesia in the elderly: Rates and risk factors. Am J Psychiatry 1998, 155:456-462.
33. Jeste DV, Lacro JP, Bailey A, Rockwell E, Harris MJ, Caligiuri MP. Lower incidence of tardive dyskinesia with risperidone compared with haloperidol in older patients. J Am Geriatr Soc 1999, 47:281-282.
34. Abernethy DR, Greenblatt DJ, Shader RI. Imipramine and desipramine disposition in the elderly. J Pharma-col Exp Ther 1985, 232:522-528.
35. Low PA The effect of aging on the autonomic ner-vous system. Clinical autonomic disorders 1977, 351-354. Lippincott-Raven, Philadelphia. 2nd ed. P.A. Low (Ed.).
36. Vestal RE, Wood AJJ, Shand DG. Reduced beta-adrenoceptor sensitivity in the elderly. Clin Pharma-col Ther 1979, 26:5509-5516.
37. Ziegler MG, Lake CR, Kopin IJ. Plasma noradrenaline increases with age. Nature 1976, 261:31-42.
38. Rodstein M, Zeman FD. Postural blood pressure changes in the elderly. J Chronic Dis 1957, 6:1419-1425.
39. Lipsitz LA, Nyquist RP, Wei JY, Rowe JW. Postpran-dial reduction in blood pressure in the elderly. N Engl J Med 1983, 309:317-325.
40. van Kraaij DJW, Jansen RWMM, Gribnau FWJ, Hoefnagels WHL. Diuretic therapy in elderly heart failure patients with and without left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Drugs Aging 2000, 16:642-649.
41. Ray WA, Griffin MR, Schaffner W, Baugh DK, Melton LJ. Psychotropic drug use and the risk of hip fracture. N Engl J Med 1987, 316:728-734.
42. c-interval abnormalities and psychotropic drug therapy in psychiatric patients. Lancet 2000, 355:313-329.
43. Abernethy DR, Schwartz JB, Plachetka JR, Todd EL, Egan JM. Comparison in young and elderly patients of pharmacodynamics and disposition of labetalol in systemic hypertension. Am J Cardiol 1987, 60:286-294.
44. Lakatta EG. Cardiovascular aging research: The next horizons. J Am Geriatr Soc 1999, 47:664-665.
45. 2+-ATPase of the rat heart. Circ Res 1990, 67:230-234.
46. van Harten J, Burggraaf J, Ligthart GJ, van Brummelen P, Breimer DD. Single-and multiple-dose nisoldipine kinetics and effects in the young, the middle-aged, and the elderly. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1989, 45:629-640.
47. ACC/AHA Task Force Report. Guidelines for the evaluation and management of chronic heart failure in the adult. Circulation 2001, 104:533-542.
48. Tresch DD. The clinical diagnosis of heart failure in older patients. J Am Geriatr Soc 1997, 45:87-94.
49. Bonow RO, Udelson JE. Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction as a cause of congestive heart fail-ure: Mechanisms and management. Ann Int Med 1992, 117:496-507.
50. van Kraaij DJW, Jansen RWMM, Bouwels LHR, Hoefnagels WHL. Furosemide withdrawal improves postprandial hypotension in elderly patients with heart failure and preserved left ventricular systolic function. Arch Int Med 1999, 159:31-41.
51. Cangiano JL, Martinez-Maldonado M Isolated sys-tolic hypertension in the elderly. Hypertension and renal disease in the elderly 1992, 259-277. Blackwell Scientific Publica-tions, Oxford. M. Martinez-Maldonado (Ed.).
52. Andrawis NS, Jones DS, Abernethy DR. Aging is associated with endothelial dysfunction in the human forearm vasculature. J Am Geriatr Soc 2000, 48:165-177.
53. Pan HYM, Hoffman BB, Porshe RA, Blaschke TF. Decline in beta-adrenergic receptor-mediated vascu-lar relaxation with aging in man. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1986, 239:772-776.
54. Hosmane BS, Maurath CJ, Jordan DC, Laddu A. Effect of age and dose on the incidence of adverse events in the treatment of hypertension in patients receiving terazosin. J Clin Pharmacol 1992, 32:45-60.
55. Abernethy DR, Gutkowska J, Winterbottom LM. Effects of amlodipine a long-acting dihydropyridine calcium antagonist in aging hypertension: Pharmaco-dynamics in relation to disposition. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1990, 48:76-86.
56. Abernethy DR, Schwartz JB, Todd EL, Luchi R, Snow E. Verapamil pharmacodynamics and dispo-sition in young versus elderly hypertensive patients. Ann Int Med 1986, 105:329-336.
57. Schwartz JB, Abernethy DR. Responses to intra-venous and oral diltiazem in elderly versus younger patients with systemic hypertension. Am J Cardiol 1987, 59:1111-1117.
58. Verza M, Cacciapuoti F, Spiezia R, D'Avino M, Arpino G, D'Errico S, Sepe J, Varricchio M. Effects of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril compared with diuretic ther-apy in elderly hypertensive patients. J Hypertens 1988, 6(suppl 1):S97-S99.
59. Crane MG, Harris JJ. Effect of aging on renin activ-ity and aldosterone excretion. J Lab Clin Med 1976, 87:947-959.
60. Hall JE, Coleman TG, Guyton AC. The renin-angiotensin system: Normal physiology and changes in older hypertensives. J Am Geriatr Soc 1989, 37:801-813.
61. Agency for Health Care Policy Research (AHCPR). Heart failure: Evaluation and treatment of patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction. J Am Geriatr Soc 1998, 46:525-529.
62. Lindeman RD. Overview: Renal physiology and pathophysiology of aging. Am J Kidney Dis 1990, 26:275-282.
63. Miller M. Hyponatremia: Age-related risk factors and therapy decisions. Geriatrics 1998, 53:32-48.
64. Rowe JW, Minaker KL, Levi M Pathophysiology and management of electrolyte disturbances in the elderly. Hyper-tension and renal disease in the elderly 1992, 170-184. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Boston. M. Martinez-Maldonado (Ed.).
65. Gurwitz JH, Avorn J, Ross-Degnan D, Lipsitz LA. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug associated azotemia in the very old. JAMA 1990, 264:471-475.
66. Field TS, Gurwitz JH, Glynn RJ, Salive ME, Gaziano JM, Taylor JO, Hennekens CH. The renal effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in older people: Findings from the Established Popula-tions for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly. J Am Geriatr Soc 1999, 47:507-511.
67. Whelton A, Schulman G, Wallemark C, Drower EJ, Isakson PC, Verburg KM, Geis S. Effects of celecoxib and naproxen on renal function in the elderly. Arch Int Med 2000, 1 60:1465-1470.
68. Swan SK, Rudy DW, Lasseter KC, Ryan CF, Buechel KL, Lambrecht LJ, Pinto MB, Dilzer SC, Obrda O, Sundblad KJ, Gumbs CP, Ebel DL, Quan H, Larson PJ, Schwartz JI, Musliner TA, Gertz BJ, Brater DC, Yao S-L. Effect of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition on renal function in elderly persons receiving a low salt diet. Ann Intern Med 2000, 133:1-9.
69. Reardon LC, Macpherson DS. Hyperkalemia in outpatients using angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Arch Intern Med 1998, 158:26-32.
70. Sunderam SG, Mankikar GD. Hyponatremia in the elderly. Age Ageing 1983, 12:77-80.
71. Fichman M, Vorherr H, Kleeman G. Diuretic-induced hyponatremia. Ann Intern Med 1971, 75:853-863.
72. Ashraf N, Locksley R, Arieff A. Thiazide-induced hyponatremia associated with death or neurologic damage in outpatients. Am J Med 1981, 70:1163-1168.
73. Dixon DO, Neilan B, Jones SE, Lipschitz DA, Miller TP, Grozea PN, Wilson HE. Effect of age on the therapeutic outcome in advanced diffuse histiocytic lymphoma: The Southwest Oncology Group experi-ence. J Clin Oncol 1986, 4:3303-3307.
74. Tirelli U, Errante D, Van Glabbeke M, Teodorovic I, Kluin-Nelemans JC, Thomas J, Bron D, Rosti G, Zagonel V, Noordijk EM. CHOP is the standard reg-imen in patients ≥70 years of age with intermediate-grade and high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: Results of a randomized study of t. J Clin Oncol 1998, 16:410-416.
75. Ibrahim NK, Frye DK, Buzdar AU, Walters RS, Hortobagyi GN. Doxorubicin-based chemotherapy in elderly patients with metastatic breast cancer. Toler-ance and outcome. Arch Int Med 1996, 156:355-361.
76. Balducci L, Lyman GH. Patients aged ≥70 are at high risk for neutropenic infection and should receive hemopoietic growth factors when treated with moderately toxic chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 2001, 19:2402-2406.
77. Balducci L, Yates J. General guidelines for the man-agement of older patients with cancer. Oncology (Huntingt) 2000, 14:756-765.
78. Lyman GH, Kuderer NM, Djulbegovic B. Prophy-latic granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in patients receiving dose-intensive cancer chemotherapy: A meta-analysis. Am J Med 2002, 112:1521-1528.
79. Lyman GH, Kuderer N, Agboola O, Balducci L. Evidence-based use of colony-stimulating fac-tors in elderly cancer patients. Cancer Control 2003, 10:716-719.
80. Ania BJ, Suman VJ, Fairbanks VF, Rademacher DM, Melton LJ 3rd. Incidence of anemia in older people: An epidemiologic study in a well defined population. J Am Geriatr Soc 1997, 45:183-188.
81. Schrijvers D, Highley M, De Bruyn E, Van Oosterom AT, Vermorken JB. Role of red blood cells in pharmacokinetics of chemotherapeutic agents. Anticancer Drugs 1999, 10:161-175.
82. Winn RJ, McClure J. The NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: A primer for users. J Natl Compr Cancer Network 2003, 1:181-186.
83. Satariano WA, Ragland DR. The effect of comorbid-ity on 3-year survival of woman with primary breast cancer. Ann Intern Med 1994, 120:333-335.
84. Extermann M, Overcash J, Lyman GH, Parr J, Balducci L. Comorbidity and functional status are independent in older cancer patients. J Clin Oncl 1998, 16:581-588.
85. Ferrucci L, Guralnik JM, Cavazzini C, Bandinelli S, Lauretani F, Bartali B, Reppetto L, Longo DL. The frailty syndrome: A critical issue in geri-atric oncology. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2003, 46:81-83.
86. Eisenhauer EA, Vermorken JB, van Glabbeke M. Predictors of response to subsequent chemotherapy in platinum pretreated ovarian cancer: A multivariate analysis of 704 patients. Ann Oncol 1997, 8:289-300.
87. Wildiers H, Highley MS, de Bruijn EA, van Oosterom AT. Pharmacology of anticancer drugs in elderly population. Clin Pharmacokinet 2003, 42:1213-1242.
88. Kintzel PE, Dorr RT. Anticancer drug renal toxicity and elimination: Dosing guidelines for altered renal function. Cancer Treat Rev 1995, 21:363-369.
89. Nakamura Y, Sekine I, Furuse K, Saijo N. Retrospec-tive comparison of toxicity and efficacy in phase II trails of 3-h infusions of paclitaxel for patients 70 years of age or older and patients under. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2000, 46:1048-1052.
90. Miya T, Goya T, Fujii H, Ohtsu T, Itoh K, Igarashi T, Minami H, Sasaki Y. Factors affecting the pharma-cokinetics of CPT-11: The body mass index age and sex are independent predictors of pharmacoki-netic parameters of CPT-11. Invest New Drugs 2001, 19:697-702.
91. O'Reilly S, Rowinsky EK, Slichenmyer W, Donehower RC, Forastiere AA, Ettinger DS, Chen TL, Sartorius S, Grochow LB. Phase I and pharmacologic study of topotecan in patients with impaired renal function. J Clin Oncol 1996, 14:613-625.
92. Gelman RS, Taylor SG. Cyclophosphamide methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy in women more than 65 years old with advanced breast cancer: The elimination of age trends in to. J Clin Oncol 1984, 2:230-234.
93. Lichtman SM, Skirvin JA. Pharmacology of antineo-plastic agents in older cancer patients. Oncology (Huntingt) 2000, 14:600-607.
94. Miya T, Sasaki Y, Karato A, Saijo N. Pharmacokinetic study of mitomycin C with emphasis on the influence of aging. Jpn J Cancer Res 1992, 83:2996-3007.
95. Shannon M, Lovejoy FH. The influence of age vs peak serum concentration on life-threatening events after chronic theophylline intoxication. Arch Intern Med 1990, 150:1128-1133.
96. Schiff GD, Hegde HK, LaCloche L, Hryhoczuk DO. Inpatient theophylline toxicity: Preventable factors. Ann Intern Med 1991, 114:502-510.
97. Kopanoff DE, Snider DE Jr, Caras GJ. Isoniazed-related hepatitis: A U.S. Public Health Service cooperative surveillance study. Am Rev Resp Dis 1979, 117:1599-1605.
98. American Thoracic Society. Treatment of tuber-culosis and tuberculosis infection in adults and children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1994, 149:79-94.
99. Sorresso DJ, Mehta JB, Harvil LM, Bently S. Underutilization of isoniazid chemoprophylaxis in tuberculosis contacts 50 year of age older. A prospective analysis. Chest 1995, 108:193-198.
100. American Thoracic Society. Targeted tuberculin testing and treatment of latent tuberculo-sis infection. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2000, 49(No RR-6):802-807.
101. Gabriel SE, Jaakkimainen L, Bombardier C. Risk for serious gastrointestinal acomplications related to use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Ann Intern Med 1991, 115:434-443.
102. Cryer B, Lee E, Feldman M. Factors influencing gastroduodenal mucosal prostaglandin concentra-tions: Roles of smoking and aging. Ann Intern Med 1992, 116:76-86.