Screening for colorectal cancer: Possible improvements by risk assessment evaluation?

Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology

Volumn 46, Issue 11, 2011, Pages 1283-1294

  Nielsen, Hans J ^a   Jakobsen, Karen V ^a   Christensen, Ib J ^b   Brünner, Nils ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN   (Denmark)

^b FINSEN LABORATORY   (Denmark)

^c UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN   (Denmark)

Author keywords

Biomarkers; colorectal cancer; oncology clinical; risk evaluation; screening

Indexed keywords

DNA;

CANCER DIAGNOSIS; CANCER RISK; CANCER SCREENING; CAPSULE ENDOSCOPY; COLONOSCOPY; COLORECTAL CANCER; COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC COLONOGRAPHY; COST EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS; FECAL OCCULT BLOOD TEST; FLEXIBLE SIGMOIDOSCOPY; HUMAN; MAGNETIC RESONANCE COLONOGRAPHY; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; OCCULT BLOOD TEST; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SIGMOIDOSCOPY;

COLORECTAL NEOPLASMS; DEMOGRAPHY; HUMANS; MASS SCREENING; PATIENT ACCEPTANCE OF HEALTH CARE; RISK ASSESSMENT; TUMOR MARKERS, BIOLOGICAL;

EID: 80054076539     PISSN: 00365521     EISSN: 15027708     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2011.610002     Document Type: Review

References (114)

1. Garcia M, Jemal A, Ward EM, Center MM, Hao Y, Siegel RL, et al. Global Cancer Facts & Figures. 2007. Atlanta, GA: American Cancer Society; 2007.
2. Ytting H, Christensen IJ, Thiel S, Jensenius JC, Nielsen HJ. Serum MASP-2 in colorectal cancer: Relation to recurrence and mortality. Clin Cancer Res 2005;11:1441-6.
3. Jayne DG, Thorpe HC, Copeland J, Quirke P, Brown JM, Guillou PJ. Five-year follow-up of the medical research council CLASICC trial of laparoscopically assisted versus open surgery for colorectal cancer. Br J Surg 2010;97:1638-45.
4. Provenzale D, Gray RN. Colorectal cancer screening and treatment: Review of outcomes research. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr 2004;33:45-55.
5. Ransohoff D. Colon cancer screening in 2005: Status and challenges. Gastroenterology 2005;128:1685-95.
6. KronborgO, Fenger C, Olsen J, Jørgensen OD, Søndergaard O. Randomised study of screening for colorectal cancer with faecaloccult- blood test. Lancet 1996;348:1467-71.
7. Hardcastle JD, Chamberlain JO, Robinson MH, Moss SM, Amar SS, Balfour BW, et al. Randomised controlled trial of faecal-occult-blood screening for colorectal cancer. Lancet 1996;348:1472-7.
8. Kronborg O, Jørgensen OD, Fenger C, Rasmussen M. Randomised study of biennal screening with faecal occult blood test: Results after nine screening rounds. Scand J Gastroenterol 2004;39:846-51.
9. Heresbach D, Manfredi S, D'halluin PN, Bretagne JF, Branger B. Review in depth and meta-analysis of controlled trials on colorectal cancer screening by faecal occult blood test. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006;18:427-33.
10. Lindholm E, Brevinge H, Haglind E. Survival benefit in a randomized clinical trial of faecal occult blood screening for colorectal cancer. Br J Surg 2008;95:1029-36.
11. Sanford KW, McPherson RA. Fecal occult blood testing. Clin Lab Med 2009;29:523-41.
12. Atkin W, Kralj-Hans I, Wardle J, Duffy S. Colorectal cancer screening. Randomised trials of flexible sigmoidoscopy. BMJ 2010;341:c4618.
13. Kahi CJ, Rex DK, Imperiale TF. Screening, surveillance, and primary prevention for colorectal cancer: A review of the recent literature. Gastroenterology 2008;135:380-99.
14. Brenner H, Chang-Claude J, Seiler CM, Rickert A, Hoffmeister M. Protection from colorectal cancer after colonoscopy: A population-based, case-control study. Ann Intern Med 2011;154:22-30.
15. Cooper K, Squires H, Papaioannou D, Booth A, Logan RF, Maguire C, et al. Chemoprevention of colorectal cancer: Systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess 2010;14:1-206.
16. Schurer W, Kanavos P. Colorectal cancer management in the United Kingdom: Current practice and challenges. Eur J Health Econ 2010;10:S85-90.
17. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Vital signs: Colorectal cancer screening among adults aged 50- 75 years - United States, 2008. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2010;59:808-12.
18. Boursi B, Halak A, Umansky M, Galzan L, Guzner-Gur H, Arber N. Colonoscopic screening of an average-risk population for colorectal neoplasia. Endoscopy 2009;41: 516-21.
19. Sifri R, Wender R, Lieberman D, Potter M, Peterson K, Weber TK, et al. Developing a quality screening colonoscopy referral system in primary care practice. A report from the national colorectal cancer roundtable. Ca Cancer J Clin 2010;60:40-9.
20. Jonas DE, Russell LB, Sandler RS, Chou J, Pignone M. Value of patient time invested in the colonoscopy screening process: Time requirements for colonoscopy study. Med Decis Making 2008;28:56-65.
21. Ross WA. Colorectal cancer screening in evolution: Japan and the USA. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010;25 (Suppl 1): S49-56.
22. Pickhardt PJ, Kim DH, Taylor AJ, Gopal DV, Weber SM, Heise CP. Extracolonic tumors of the gastrointestinal tract detected incidentally at screening CT colonography. Dis Colon Rectum 2007;50:56-63.
23. Pickhardt PJ, Kim DH, Meiners RJ, Wyatt KS, Hanson ME, Barlow DS, et al. Colorectal and extracolonic cancers detected at screening CT colonography in 10,286 asymptomatic adults. Radiology 2010;255:83-8.
24. Liedenbaum M, Van Rijn A, De Vries A, Dekker H, Thomeer M, Van Marrewijk C, et al. Using CT colonography as a triage technique after a positive faecal occult blood test in colorectal cancer screening. Gut 2009;58:1242-9.
25. De Wijkerslooth TR, De Haan MC, Stoop EM, Deutekom M, Fockens P, Bossuyt PM, et al. Study protocol: Population screening for colorectal cancer by colonoscopy or CT colonography: A randomised controlled trial. BMC Gastroenterol 2010;10:47.
26. Lee D, Muston D, Sweet A, Cunningham C, Slater A, Lock K. Cost effectiveness of CT colonography for UK NHS colorectal cancer screening of asymptomatic adults aged 60-69 years. Appl Health Econ Health Policy 2010;8: 141-54.
27. Lauenstein T, Schönfelder D, Bosk S, Debatin JF. Faecal tagging: A new strategy to obviate bowel cleansing before MR colonography. Proc Intl Soc Mag Reson Med 2001;9:189.
28. Achiam MP, Løgager V, Chabanova E, Thomsen HS, Rosenberg J. Patient acceptance of MR colonography with improved fecal tagging versus conventional colonoscopy. Eur J Radiol 2010;73:143-7.
29. Achiam MP, Løgager VB, Chabanova E, Egholm B, Thomsen HS, Rosenberg J. Diagnostic accuracy of MR colonography with fecal tagging. Abdom Imaging 2009;34: 483-90.
30. Hoff G, Grotmol T, Skovlund E, Bretthauer M. Risk of colorectal cancer seven years after flexible sigmoidoscopy screening: Randomised controlled trial. BMJ 2009;338: B1846.
31. Atkin WS, Edwards R, Kranlj-Hans I, Wooldrage K, Hart AR, Northover JM, et al. Once-only flexible sigmoidoscopy screening in prevention of colorectal cancer: A multicenter randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2010; 375:1624-33.
32. Lieberman DA, Weiss DG. Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study Group 380. One-time screening for colorectal cancer with combined fecal occult-blood testing and examination of the distal colon. N Engl J Med 2001;345:555-60.
33. Berhane C, Denning D. Incidental finding of colorectal cancer in screening colonoscopy and its cost effectiveness. Am Surg 2009;75:699-703.
34. Fracchia M, Senore C, Armaroli P, Ferraris R, Placido RD, Musso A, et al. Assessment of the multiple components of the variability in the adenoma detection rate in sigmoidoscopy screening, and lessons for training. Endoscopy 2010;42: 448-55.
35. Ransohoff DF. Can endoscopy protect against colorectal cancer? An RCT. Lancet 2010;375:1582-4.
36. Fan E, Rubenfeld GD. Which tool is best for colorectal cancer screening? BMJ 2010;340:1259-60.
37. Neugut AI, Lebwohl B. Colonoscopy vs sigmoidoscopy screening. Getting it right. JAMA 2010;304:461-2.
38. Baxter NN, Goldwasser MA, Paszat LF, Saskin R, Urbach DR, Rabeneck L. Association of colonoscopy and death from colorectal cancer. Ann Intern Med 2009; 150:1-8.
39. Jimbo M, Myers RE, Meyer B, Hyslop T, Cocroft J, Turner BJ, et al. Reasons patients with a positive fecal occult blood test results do not undergo complete diagnostic evaluation. Ann Fam Med 2009;7:11-16.
40. Sharma K, Vasudena R, Howden CW. Colorectal cancer screening and surveillance practices by primary care physicians: Result of a national survey. Am J Gastroenterol 2000; 95:1551-6.
41. Lurie JD, Welch HG. Diagnostic testing following fecal occult blood screening in the elderly. J Natl Cancer Inst 1999;91:1641-6.
42. The Capital Region of Denmark. Screening for large bowel cancer in two counties in Denmark. www.cancer.dk/NR/ rdonlyres/BD7C3509
43. The Danish Colorectal Cancer Cooperative Group. Annual Report of Colorectal Cancer. 2008:1-56.
44. Ransohoff DF. How much does colonoscopy reduce colon cancer mortality? Ann Intern Med 2009;150:50-2.
45. Yang H, Ge Z, Dai J, Li X, Gao Y. Effectiveness of the immunofecal occult blood test for colorectal cancer screening in a large population. Dig Dis Sci 2011;56:203-7.
46. Potack J, Itzkowitz SH. Practical advances in stool screening for colorectal cancer. J Natl Compr Cancer Netw 2010;8: 81-92.
47. Songster CL, Barrows GH, Jarrett DD. Immunochemical detection of fecal occult blood - the fecal smear punch-disc test: A new non-invasive screening test for colorectal cancer. Cancer 1980;45:1099-102.
48. Parra-Blanco A, Gimeno-Garcia AZ, Quintero E, Nicolas D, Moreno SG, Jimenez A, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of immunochemical versus guaiac faecal occult blood tests for colorectal cancer screening. J Gastroenterol 2010;45:703-12.
49. Hol L, van Leerdam ME, van Ballegooijen M, van Vuuren AJ, van Dekken H, Reijerink JC, et al. Screening for colorectal cancer: Randomised trial comparing guaiacbased and immunochemical faecal occult blood testing and flexible sigmoidoscopy. Gut 2010;59:62-8.
50. Haug U, Hundt S, Brenner H. Quantitative immunochemical fecal occult blood testing for colorectal adenoma detection: Evaluation in the target population of screening and comparison with qualitative tests. Am J Gastroenterol 2010; 105:682-90.
51. Hundt S, Haug U, Brenner H. Comparative evaluation of immunochemical fecal occult blood tests for colorectal adenoma detection. Ann Intern Med 2009;150:162-9.
52. Levi Z, Birkenfeld S, Vilkin A, Bar-Chana M, Lifshitz I, Chared M, et al. A higher detection rate for colorectal cancer (CRC) and advanced adenomatous polyp (AAP) for screening with immunological fecal occult blood test (FIT) than guaiac fecal occult blood test (G-FOBT), inspite of lower compliance rate. A prospective, controlled, feasibility study. Int J Cancer 2011;128:2415-24.
53. Fearon E, Vogelstein B. A genetic model for colorectal tumorigenesis. Cell 1990;61:759-67.
54. Imperiale T, Ransohoff DF, Itzkowitz SH, Turnbull BA, Ross ME. Fecal DNA versus fecal occult blood colorectalcancer screening in an average-risk population. N Engl JMed 2004;351:2704-14.
55. Ahlquist DA, Sargent DJ, Loprinzi CL, Levin TR, Rex DK, Ahnen DJ, et al. Stool DNA and occult blood testing for screen detection of colorectal neoplasia. Ann Intern Med 2008;149:441-50.
56. ASCRS Jagelman and Monahan Awards for colorectal cancer advocacy and awareness efforts. On-line news letter Summer 2010; www.fascrs.org
57. Hundt S, Haug U, Brenner H. Blood markers for early detection of colorectal cancer: A systematic review. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16:1935-53.
58. Locker GY, Hamilton S, Harris J, Jessup JM, Kemeny M, MacDonald JS, et al. ASCO 2006 update of recommendations for the use of tumor markers in gastrointestinal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:5313-27
59. Holten-Andersen MN, Murphy G, Nielsen HJ, Pedersen AN, Christensen IJ, Hoyer-Hansen G, et al. Quantitation of TIMP-1 in plasma of healthy blood donors and patients with advanced cancer. Br J Cancer 1999;80: 495-503.
60. Sorensen NM, Sorensen IV, Würtz SØ, Scrohl AS, Dowell B, Davis G, et al. Biology and potential clinical implications of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 in colorectal cancer treatment. Scand J Gastroenterol 2008; 43:774-86.
61. Holten-Andersen MN, Christensen IJ, Nielsen HJ, Stephens RW, Jensen V, Nielsen OH, et al. Total levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 in plasma yield high diagnostic sensitivity and specificity in patients with colon cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2002;8:156-64.
62. Waas ET, Hendriks T, Lomme RM, Wobbes T. Plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 correlate with disease stage and survival in colorectal cancer patients. Dis Colon Rectum 2005;48: 700-10.
63. Hayes DF, Bast RC, Desch CE, Fritsche H, Kemeny NE, Jessup JM, et al. Tumor marker utility grading system: A framework to evaluate clinical utility of tumors markers. J Natl Cancer Inst 1996;88:1456-66.
64. Schrohl AS, Würtz S, Kohn E, Banks RE, Nielsen HJ, Sweep FC, et al. Banking of biological fluids for studies of protein biomarkers. Mol Cell Proteomics 2008;7: 2061-6.
65. Nielsen HJ, Brünner N, Frederiksen C, Lomholt AF, King D, Jorgensen LN, et al. Plasma tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1): A novel biological marker in the detection of primary colorectal cancer. Protocol outlines of the Danish-Australian endoscopy study group on colorectal cancer detection. Scand J Gastroenterol 2008;43: 242-8.
66. Nielsen HJ, Brünner N, Jorgensen LN, Olsen J, Rahr HB, Thygesen K, et al. Plasma TIMP-1 and CEA in detection of primary colorectal cancer: A prospective, population-based study on 4,509 high-risk individuals. Scand J Gastroenterol 2011;46:60-9.
67. Lomholt AF, Høyer-Hansen G, Nielsen HJ, Christensen IJ. Intact and cleaved forms of the urokinase receptor enhance discrimination of cancer from non-malignant conditions in patients presenting with symptoms related to colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2009;101:992-7.
68. Lomholt AF, Høyer-Hansen G, Christensen IJ, Nielsen HJ. Prognostic value of intact and cleaved forms of the urokinase plasminogen activator receptor in a retrospective study of 518 colorectal cancer patients. Acta Oncol 2010;49:805-11.
69. Thurison T, Lomholt AF, Rasch MG, Lund IK, Nielsen HJ, Christensen IJ, et al. A new assay for measurement of the liberated domain I of the urokinase receptor in plasma improves the prediction of survival in colorectal cancer. Clin Chem 2010;56:1636-40.
70. Grützmann R, Molnar B, Pilarsky C, Habermann JK, Schlag PM, Saeger PM, et al. Sensitive detection of colorectal cancer in peripheral blood by septin 9 DANN methylation assay. PLoS ONE 2008;3:e3759.
71. deVos T, Tetzner R, Model F, Weiss G, Schuster M, Distler J, et al. Circulating methylated SEPT9 DNA in plasma is a biomarker for colorectal cancer. Clin Chem 2009;55:1337-46.
72. Church T, Wandell M, Lofton-Day C, Mogin S, Blumenstein BA, Allen JI, et al. Prospective clinical validation of an assay for methylated SEPT9 DNA in human plasma as a colorectal screening tool in average risk men and women 50 years and older. www.download.adstractcentral. com/DDW2010/myddw/711d.html
73. Tänzer M, Balluff B, Distler J, Hale K, Leodolter A, Röcken C, et al. Performance of epigenomic markers SEPT9 and ALX4 in plasma for detection of colorectal precancerous lesions. PLoS ONE 2010;5:e9061.
74. Freedman AN, Slattery ML, Ballard-Barbash R, Willis G, Cann BJ, Pee D, et al. Colorectal cancer risk prediction tool for white men and women without known susceptibility. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:686-93.
75. Bonnema DD, Webb CS, Pennington WR, Stroud RE, Leonardi AE, Clark LL, et al. Effects of age on plasma matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). J Card Failure 2007;13:530-40.
76. Goldacre MJ. Demography of aging and the epidemiology of gastrointestinal disorders in the elderly. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2009;23:793-804.
77. Penn E, Garrow D, Romagnuolo J. Influence of race and sex on prevalence and recurrence of colon polyps. Arch Intern Med 2010;170:1127-32.
78. Hoffmeister M, Schmitz S, Karmrodt E, Stegmaier C, Haug U, Arndt V, et al. Male sex and smoking have a larger impact on the prevalence of colorectal neoplasia than family history of colorectal cancer. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010;8:870-6.
79. Virk R, Gill S, Yoshida E, Radley S, Salh B. Racial differences in the incidence of colorectal cancer. Can J Gastroenterol 2010;24:47-51.
80. Thornton JG, Morris AM, Thornton JD, Flowers CR, McCashland TM. Racial variation in colorectal polyp and tumor location. J Natl Med Assoc 2007;99:723-8.
81. Renehan AG, Soerjomataram I, Tyson M, Egger M, Zwahlen M, Coebergh JW, et al. Incident cancer burden attributable to excess body mass in European countries. Int J Cancer 2010;126:692-702.
82. de Vries E, Soerjomataram I, Lemmens VE, Coebergh JW, Barendregt JJ, Oenema A, et al. Lifestyle changes and reduction of colon cancer incidence in Europe: A scenario study of physical activity promotion and weight reduction. Eur J Cancer 2010;46:2605-16.
83. Liang PS, Chen TY, Giovannucci E. Cigarette smoking and colorectal cancer incidence and mortality: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Cancer 2009;124:2406-15.
84. Tsoi KK, Pau CY, Wu WK, Chan FK, Griffiths S, Sung JJ. Cigarette smoking and risk of colorectal cancer: A metaanalysis of prospective cohort studies. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009;7:682-8.
85. Anderson JC, Pleau DC, Rajan TV, Protiva P, Swede H, Brenner B, et al. Increased frequency of serrated aberrant crypt foci among smokers. Am J Gastroenterol 2010;105: 1648-54.
86. Pohl C, Hombach A, Kruis W. Chronic inflammatory bowel disease and cancer. Hepatogastroenterology 2000;47:57-70.
87. Jess T, Loftus EV, Velayos FS, Winther KV, Tremaine WJ, Zinsmeister AR, et al. Risk factors for colorectal neoplasia in inflammatory bowel disease: A nested case-control study from Copenhagen County, Denmark and Olmsted County, Minnesota. Am J Gastroenterol 2007;102:829-36.
88. Söderlund S, Tribukait B, Ost A, Broström O, Karlén P, Löfberg R, et al. Colitis-associated DANN aneuploidy and dysplasia in Crohn's disease and risk of colorectal cancer. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011;17:1101-7.
89. Yang YX, Hennessy S, Lewis JD. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and the risk of colorectal cancer. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005;3:587-94.
90. He J, Stram DO, Kolonel LN, Henderson BE, Le Marchand L, Haiman CA. The association of diabetes with colorectal cancer risk: The multiethnic cohort. Br J Cancer 2010;103:120-6.
91. Campbell PT, Deka A, Jacobs EJ, Newton CC, Hildebrand JS, McCullough ML, et al. Prospective study reveals associations between colorectal cancer and type 2 diabetes mellitus or insulin use in men. Gastroenterology 2010;139:1138-46.
92. Flood A, Strayer L, Schairer C, Schatzkin A. Diabetes and risk of incident colorectal cancer in a prospective cohort of women. Cancer Causes Control 2010;21:1277-84.
93. Giouleme O, Diamantidis MD, Katsaros MG. Is diabetes a causal agent for colorectal cancer? Pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms. World J Gastroenterol 2011;17:444-8.
94. Neklason DW, Thorpe BL, Ferrandez A, Tumbapura A, Boucher K, Garibotti G, et al. Colonic adenoma risk in familial colorectal cancer - a study of six extended kindreds. Am J Gastroenterol 2008;103:2577-84.
95. van der Meulen-de Jong AE, Morreau H, Vasen HF. High detection rate of adenomas in familial colorectal cancer. Gut 2011;60:73-6.
96. Olsen KR, Bojesen SE, Gerdes AM, Lindorff-Larsen K, Bernstein IT. Cost-effectiveness of surveillance programs for families at high and moderate risk of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer. Int J Technol Assess Health Care 2007;23:89-95.
97. Vasen HF, Möslein G, Alonso A, Bernstein I, Berario L, Blanco I, et al. Guidelines for the clinical management of Lynch syndrome (hereditary non-polyposis cancer). J Med Genet 2007;44:353-62.
98. Bonis PA, Trikalinos TA, Chung M, Chew P, Ip S, DeVine DA, et al. Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer: Diagnostic strategies and their implications. Evid Rep Technol Assess 2007;150:1-180.
99. Mizoue T, Tanaka K, Tsuji I, Wakai K, Nagata C, Otani M, et al. Alcohol drinking and colorectal cancer risk: An evaluation based on a systematic review of epidemiologic evidence among the Japanese population. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2006;36:582-97.
100. Park JY, Mitrou PN, Dahm CC, Luben RN, Wareham NJ, Khaw KT, et al. Baseline alcohol consumption, type of alcoholic beverage and risk of colorectal cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition - Norfolk study. Cancer Epidemiol 2009; 33:347-54.
101. Park JY, Dahm CC, Keogh RH, Mitrou PN, Cairns BJ, Greenwood DC, et al. Alcohol intake and risk of colorectal cancer: Results from the Dietary Cohort Consortium. Br J Cancer 2010;103:747-56.
102. Habermann JK, Bader FG, Franke C, Zimmermann K, Gemoll T, Fritzsche B, et al. From the genome to the proteome - biomarkers in colorectal cancer. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2008;393:93-104.
103. Li M, Chen W, Papadopoulos N, Goodman SN, Bjerregaard NC, Laurberg S, et al. Sensitive digital quantification of DANN methylation in clinical samples. Nature Biotechnol 2009;27:858-63.
104. Johansen JS, Schultz NA, Jensen BV. Plasma YKL-40: A potential new cancer biomarker? Future Oncol 2009;5: 1065-82.
105. Wittenborn T, Thiel S, Jensen L, Nielsen HJ, Jensenius JC. Characteristics and biological variations of M-ficolin, a pattern recognition molecule in plasma. J Innate Immunol 2010;2:167-80.
106. Nielsen BS, Jørgensen S, Fog JU, Søkilde R, Christensen IJ, Hansen U, et al. High levels of microRNA-21 in the stroma of colorectal cancer predict short disease-free survival in stage II colon cancer patients. Clin Exp Metastasis 2011;28:27-38.
107. Tomoyuki T, Takeshi M, Shojiro K, Sachi H, Toshiya O, Yukihito K, et al. Dermokine as a novel biomarker for early-stage colorectal cancer. J Gastroenterol 2011;45: 1201-11.
108. Lundberg M, Thorsen SB, Assarsson E, Vilablance A, Tran B, Gee N, et al. Multiplexed homogeneous proximity ligation assays for high throughput protein biomarker research in serological materials. Mol Cell Proteomics 2011. E-pub.
109. Herbst A, Rahmig K, Stieber P, Philipp A, Jung A, Ofner A, et al. Methylation of NEUROG1 in serum is a sensitive marker for the detection of early colorectal cancer. Am J Gastroenterol 2011;106:1110-18.
110. Oster B, Thorsen K, Lamy P, Wojdacz TK, Hansen LL, Birkenkamp- Demtröder K, et al. Identification and validation of highly frequent CpG island hypermethylation in colorectal adenomas and carcinomas. Int J Cancer 2011; E-pub.
111. Shimwell NJ, Wei W, Wilson S, Wakelam MJO, Ismail T, Iqbal T, et al. Assessment of novel combinations of biomarkers for the detection of colorectal cancer. Cancer Biomark 2010;7:123-32.
112. Mosen DM, Feldstein AC, Perrin N, Rosales AG, Smith DH, Liles EG, et al. Automated telephone calls improved completion of fecal occult blood testing. Med Care 2010;48:604-10.
113. Foley J, O'Neill M. Use of mobile telephone short message service (SMS) as a reminder: The effect on patient attendance. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2009;10:15-18.
114. Brasso K, Ladelund S, Frederiksen BL, Jørgensen T. Psychological distress following fecal occult blood test in colorectal cancer screening - a population-based study. Scand J Gastroenterol 2010;45:1211-16.