The relationship between indices of iron status and selected anthropometric cardiovascular disease risk markers in an African population: The THUSA study

Cardiovascular Journal of Africa

Volumn 22, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 249-256

  Aderibigbe, O R ^a   Pisa, P T ^a   Mamabolo, R L ^a   Kruger, H S ^a   Vorster, H H ^a  

^a NORTH WEST UNIVERSITY   (South Africa)

Author keywords

African; Anthropometry; Cardiovascular diseases; Iron indices; THUSA study

Indexed keywords

FERRITIN; IRON;

ADULT; AFRICA; ANTHROPOMETRY; ARTICLE; BODY FAT; BODY MASS; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; FEMALE; FERRITIN BLOOD LEVEL; HUMAN; IRON BLOOD LEVEL; IRON OVERLOAD; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; SKINFOLD THICKNESS; WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE; WAIST HIP RATIO;

ADIPOSITY; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; BODY MASS INDEX; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES; FEMALE; FERRITINS; HEMOGLOBINS; HUMANS; IRON METABOLISM DISORDERS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; OBESITY; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTORS; SKINFOLD THICKNESS; SOUTH AFRICA; TRANSFERRIN; UP-REGULATION; WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE; WAIST-HIP RATIO; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 80054048981     PISSN: 19951892     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5830/CVJA-2011-015     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Vorster HH. The emergence of cardiovascular disease during urbanisation of Africans. Publ Hlth Nutr 2002; 5(1A): 239-243. (Pubitemid 41128313)
2. World Health Organisation. Worldwide prevalence of anaemia 1993-2005. WHO Global Database on Anaemia, 2008.
3. Kurniawan YA, Muslimatun S, Achadi EL, Sastroamidjojo S. Anaemia and iron deficiency anaemia among young adolescents girls from the peri urban coastal area of Indonesia. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2006; 15: 350-356. (Pubitemid 44424614)
4. Tolentino K, Friedman JF. An update on anemia in less developed countries. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2007; 77(1): 44-51. (Pubitemid 351844350)
5. Mamabolo RL, Albets M, Steyn NP, Delemarre-Van De Wall HA, Nthangeli NG, Levitt NS. Evaluation of the effectiveness of iron and folate supplementation during pregnancy in a rural area of Limpopo Province. S Afr J Clin Nutr 2004; 17(1): 15-21.
6. Dannhauser A, Bam R, Joubert G. Iron status of pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic at Pelonomi Hospital, Bloemfontein. S Afr J Clin Nutr 1999; 12: 8-16.
7. Kruger M, Dhansay MA, Van Staden E, Faber M, Badenhorst CJ, Mansvelt EPG, et al. Anaemia and iron deficiency in women in the third trimester of pregnancy receiving selective iron supplementation. S Afr J Food Sci Nutr 1994; 6: 132-137.
8. Bopape MM, Mbhenyane XG, Alberts M. The prevalence of anaemia and selected micronutrient status in pregnant teenagers of Polokwane municipality in the Limpopo Province. S Afr J Clin Nutri 2008; 21(4): 332-336.
9. Charlton KE, Kruger M, Labadarios D, Wolmarans P, Aronson I. Iron, folate and vitamin B12 status of an elderly South African population. Eur J Clin Nutr 1997; 51(7): 424-430. (Pubitemid 27332285)
10. Kew MC and Asare GA. Dietary iron overload in the African and hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Int 2007: 735-736. ISSN 1478-3223.
11. Vorster HH, Bourne LT, Venter CS, Oosthuizen W. Contribution of nutrition to the health transition in developing countries: Framework for research and intervention. Nutr Rev 1999; 57(11): 341-349. (Pubitemid 30005170)
12. Department of Health. Report of the 2003 South African demographic and health survey. 2007. www.sahealthinfo.org/lifestyle/adult.pdf.
13. Robinson LE, Graham TE. Metabolic syndrome, a cardiovascular disease risk factor: Role of adipocytokines and impact of diet and physical activity. J Appl Physiol 2004; 29: 808-829. (Pubitemid 40091298)
14. Williams MJ, Poulton R, William S. Relationship of serum ferritin with cardiovascular risk factors and inflammation in young men and women. Atherosclerosis 2002; 165: 179-184. (Pubitemid 35223181)
15. Schulze MB, Christian H, Manuela M. Berg M, Kurt H, Heiner B. Comparison of anthropometric characteristics in predicting the incidence of type 2 diabetes in the EPIC-Potsdam study. Diabetes Care 200; 29(8): 1921-1923.
16. Vorster HH, Wissing MP, Venter CS, Kruger HS, Kruger A, Malan NT, et al. The impact of urbanization on physical and mental health of Africans in the Northwest province of South Africa: The THUSA study. S Afri J Sci 2000; 96: 505-514. (Pubitemid 32044835)
17. Norton K, Olds T. Anthropometrica. A Textbook of Body Measurement for Sports and Health Courses. Sydney: University of New South Wales Press, 1996.
18. Siri WE. The gross composition of the body. In: Tobias CA, Lawrence JH (eds.). Advances in Bbiological and Medical Physics. New York: Academic Press, 1956.
19. Durnin JVGA, Womersley J. Body fat assessed from total body density and its estimation from skinfold. Br J Nutr 1974; 32: 77-97.
20. World Health Organisation. Obesity: Preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of WHO consultation on obesity. June 5-7. 1997. Geneva: World Health Org, 1998.
21. Kasdan TS. Medical Nutrition therapy for anaemia. In: Malian LK, Escott. Stump A. (eds). Krause's Food, Nutrition and Diet Therapy. 10th edn. London: WB Saunders, 2000: 781-800.
22. Cook JD, Finch CA. Assessing iron status of a population. Am J Clin Nutr 1979; 32: 2115-2119.
23. Beneke J, Ridder JH, Underhay C, Kruger A, Van Rooyen JM, Ellis S. Optimal waist circumference cut-off values for abdominal obesity in black South African men and women. S Afri J Sports Med 2009; 19(3): 114.
24. Mueller WH, Wear ML, Hanis CL, Emerson JB, Barton SA, Hewett-Emmett D, Schull WJ. Which measure of body fat distribution is best for epidemiologic research? Am J Epidemiol 1991; 133: 858-869.
25. Gillum RF. Association of serum ferritin and indices of body fat distribution and obesity in Mexican American men: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2001; 25: 639-645. (Pubitemid 32417632)
26. Oshuag A, Bugge KH, Bjonnes CH, Borch-Johnsen B, Neslein IL. Associations between serum ferritin and cardiovascular risk factors in healthy young men. A cross-sectional study. Eur J Clin Nutr 1995; 49: 430-438.
27. Iwasaki T, Nakajima A, Yoneda m, Yamada y, Mukasa K, Fujita K, et al. Serum ferritin is associated with visceral fat area and subcutaneous fat area. Diabetes Care 2005; 1935-5548.
28. Eftekhari MH, Mozaffari-KhosravI H, Shidfar F. The relationship between BMI and iron status in iron deficient adolescent Iranian girls. Publ Hlth Nutr 2009; 12: 2377-2381.
29. Dallman PR. Biochemical basis for the manifestation of iron deficiency. Ann Rev Nutr 1986; 6: 13-40.
30. Hedley AA, Ogden CL, Johnson CL, Carroll MD, Curtin LR, Flegal KM. Prevalence of overweight and obesity among US children, adolescents, and adults, 1999-2002. J Am Med Assoc 2004; 291: 2847-2850. (Pubitemid 38747805)
31. Flegal KM, Carrol MD, Kuczmarski RJ, Johnson CL. Overweight and trends, 1960-1994. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1998; 22: 39-47.
32. Chambers EC, Heshka S, Gallagher D. Wang J, Pi-Sunyer X, Pierson RN. Serum iron and body fat distribution in a multiethnic cohort of adults living in New York. J Am Dietetic Assoc 2006; 106: 680-684.
33. Tussing-Humphreys LM, Liang H, Nemeth E, Freels S, Braunschweig CA. Excess adiposity, inflammation, and iron-deficiency in female adolescents. J Am Diet Assoc 2009; 109: 297-302.
34. Micozzi MS, Albanes D, Stevens RG. Relation of body size and composition to clinical biochemical and hematologic indices in US men and women. Am J Clin Nutr 1989; 50: 1276-1281. (Pubitemid 20013307)
35. Bothwell TH, Charlton RW, Cook JD, Finch CA. Iron Metabolism in Man. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific, 1979.
36. Festa M, Ricciardelli G, Mele G, Pietropaolo C, Ruffo A. Overexpression of H ferritin and upregulation of iron regulatory protein genes during differentiation of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes. J Biol Chem 2000; 275: 36708-36712. (Pubitemid 32002076)
37. Yanoff LB, Serbring NG, Mchugh T, Remaley AT, Yanovski JA. Inflammation and iron deficiency in the hypoferrimia of obesity. Int J Obes 2007; 31: 1412-1417.
38. Failla ML, Kennedy ML, Chen ML. Iron metabolism in genetically obese (ob/ob) mice. J Nutr 1988; 118: 46-51. (Pubitemid 18053346)
39. Astrup A, Buemann B, Christensen N, Toubro S. Failure to increase lipid oxidation in response to increasing dietary fat content in formerly obese women. Am J Physiol 1994; 266: E592-599.
40. Zurlo F, Lillioka S, Esposito-del Puente A. Low ratio of fat to carbohydrate oxidation as predictor of weight gain: of 24-h RQ. Am J Physiol 1990; 259: E650-657. (Pubitemid 20385711)
41. Hass JD, Brownlie T. Iron deficiency and reduced work capacity: a critical review of the research to determine a causal relationship. J Nutr 2001; 131: 676S-686S.
42. Weiss R. 2007. Fat distribution and storage: how much, where, and how? Eur J Endocrinol 2007; 1579: S39-S45. (Pubitemid 47434129)
43. Arner P. Regional adiposity in man. J Endocrinol 1997; 155(2): 191-192.
44. Märin P, Andersson B, Ottosson M, Olbe L, Chowdhury B, Kvist H, et al. The morphology and metabolism of intra-abdominal adipose tissue in men. Metabolism 1992; 41: 1242-1248.
45. William HM, Mary LW, Craig LH, James BE, Sara AB, Hewett-Emmett D, William JS. Which measure of body fat distribution is best for epidemiologic research? Am J Epidemiol 1991; 133(9): 858-869.
46. McClung JP, Karl JP. Iron deficiency and obesity: the contribution of inflammation and diminished iron absorption. Nutr Rev 2008; 60(2): 100-104.
47. Nemeth E, Valore EV, Territo M, Schiller G, Lichtenstein A, Ganz T. Hepcidin, a putative mediator of anemia of inflammation, is a type II acute-phase protein. Blood 2003; 101: 2461-2463. (Pubitemid 36857598)
48. Andrew S, Greenber G, Martin SO. Obesity and the role of adipose tissue in inflammation and metabolism. Am J Clin Nutri 2006; 83(2): 461S-465S.
49. Knutson MD, Oukka M, Koss LM, Aydemir F, Wessling-Resnick M. Iron release from macrophages after erythrophagocytosis is up-regulated by ferroportin 1 overexpression and down-regulated by hepcidin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2005; 102: 1324-1328. (Pubitemid 40209169)
50. Watter BO, Miller FM, Worwood M. Ferritn concentration and iron stores in normal subjects. J Clin Pathol 1973; 26: 770-772.
51. Leggett BA, Brown NN, Bryant SJ, Duplock L, Powell LW, Halliday JW. Factors affecting the concentrtions of ferritin in serum in a healthy Australian population. Clin Chem 1990; 36(7): 1350-1355.
52. World Health Organisation. Iron deficiency anaemia: assessment, prevention, and control. A guide for programme managers. Geneva, World Health Org, 2001 (WHO/NHD/01.3).
53. Department of Health. Integrated Nutrition Programme for South Africa - Broad guidelines for implementation. Draft document. 5 Jan 1998.
54. Faber M, Wenhold F. Nutrition in contemporary South Africa. Water SA 2007; 33(3): 393-400. (Pubitemid 46919920)
55. Vorster HH, Oosthuizen W, Jerling JC, Veldman FJ, Burger HM. The Nutritional status of South Africans. A review of the literature from 1975-1996. Hlth Syst Trust 1997: 47.
56. Kruger HS, Kruger A, Vorster HH, Jooste PL, Wolmarans P. Urbanisation of Africans in the North West province is associated with better micronutrient status: The Transition and health during Urbanisation study in South Africa. Nutr Res 2005; 25: 365-375. (Pubitemid 40488763)