Beyond dose assessment: Using risk with full disclosure of uncertainty in public and scientific communication

Health Physics

Volumn 101, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 591-600

  Hoffman, F Owen ^a   Kocher, David C ^a   Apostoaei, A Iulian ^a  

^a SENES Oak Ridge Incorporated   (United States)

Author keywords

fallout; National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements; risk analysis; risk communication

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; EPIDEMIOLOGY; FEMALE; HUMAN; INFORMATION DISSEMINATION; INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION; IONIZING RADIATION; MALE; METHODOLOGY; PUBLIC RELATIONS; RADIATION DOSE; RADIATION INDUCED NEOPLASM; RISK ASSESSMENT; UNCERTAINTY;

COMMUNICATION; DISCLOSURE; EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES; FEMALE; HUMANS; INFORMATION DISSEMINATION; MALE; NEOPLASMS, RADIATION-INDUCED; PUBLIC RELATIONS; RADIATION DOSAGE; RADIATION, IONIZING; RISK ASSESSMENT; UNCERTAINTY;

EID: 80053937248     PISSN: 00179078     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/HP.0b013e318225c2e1     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. 131I terrestrial transport model by using measurements collected at the Hanford Nuclear facility. Health Phys 88:439-458; 2005.
2. Beck HL. Estimated thyroid doses from "global" weapons test fallout in areas downwind from Hanford. Appendix C. In: Review of the Hanford Thyroid Disease Study Draft Final Report. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 2000: 176-197.
3. Berrington de González A, Mahesh M, Kim K-P, Bhargavan M, Lewis R, Mettler F, Land C. Projected cancer risks from computed tomographic scans performed in the United States in 2007. Arch Intern Med 169:2071-2077; 2009.
4. Brenner DJ, Hall EJ. Computed tomography-an increasing source of radiation exposure. N Engl J Med 357:2277-2284; 2007. (Pubitemid 350190758)
5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services/National Cancer Institute. Report on the feasibility of a study of the health consequences to the American population from nuclear weapons tests conducted by the United States and other nations. Atlanta, GA: CDC; Vol. 1 Technical Report. CDC/DHHS/NCI; 2005.
6. Eckerman KF, Leggett RW, Puskin JS, Nelson CB, Richardson ACB. Cancer risk coefficients for environmental exposure to radionuclides. Federal Guidance Report 13. Washington, DC:EPA; EPA 402-R-99-001; 1999.
7. Energy-Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act [online]. 2000. Available at www.dol.gov/owcp/energy/regs/compliance/law/EEOICPAALL.htm. Accessed 28 April 2011.
8. Hoffman FO, Apostoaei AI, Thomas BA. A perspective on public concerns about exposure to fallout from the production and testing of nuclear weapons. Health Phys 82:736-748; 2002. (Pubitemid 34311274)
9. Institute of Medicine/National Research Council. Exposure of the American people to iodine-131 from Nevada nuclear-bomb tests: review of the National Cancer Institute Report and public health implications. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1999.
10. International Commission on Radiological Protection. 1990 recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Oxford: Pergamon Press; ICRP Publication 60; Ann ICRP 21(1-3); 1990.
11. International Commission on Radiological Protection. Low-dose extrapolation of radiation-related cancer risk. Oxford: Elsevier, Ltd; ICRP Publication 99; Ann ICRP, 35(4).2005.
12. International Commission on Radiological Protection 2007. The 2007 recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Oxford: Elsevier, Ltd; ICRP Publication 103; Ann ICRP, 37(2-4); 2007.
13. Kocher DC. Regulations for radionuclides in the environment. In: Till JE, Grogan HA, eds. Radiological risk assessment and environmental analysis. New York: Oxford University Press; 2008: 613-687.
14. Kocher DC. Federal laws and regulations on control of exposure to naturally occurring and accelerator-produced radioactive material. In: Karam AP, Vetter BJ, eds. Naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) and technologically enhanced NORM (TENORM). Madison, WI: Medical Physics Publishing; 2009: 277-361.
15. Kocher DC, Apostoaei AI, Hoffman FO. Radiation effectiveness factors for use in calculating probability of causation of radiogenic cancers. Health Phys 89:3-32; 2005. (Pubitemid 44757239)
16. Kocher DC, Apostoaei AI, Henshaw RW, Hoffman FO, Schubauer-Berigan MK, Stancescu DO, Thomas BA, Tra-balka JR, Gilbert ES, Land CE. Interactive Radioepidemio-logical Program (IREP): a web-based tool for estimating probability of causation/assigned share of radiogenic cancers. Health Phys 95:119-147; 2008.
17. Land CE. Low-dose extrapolation of radiation health risks: some implications of uncertainty for radiation protection at low doses. Health Phys 97:407-415; 2009.
18. Land C, Gilbert E, Smith J, Hoffman FO, Apostoaei AI, Thomas BA, Kocher D. Report of the NCI-CDC Working Group to Revise the 1985 NIH Radio-Epidemiological Tables. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute; 2003.
19. Land CE, Bouville A, Apostoaei A, Simon SL. Projected lifetime cancer risks from exposure to regional radioactive fallout in the Marshall Islands. Health Phys 99:201-215; 2010.
20. Laudan L. The book of risks: fascinating facts about the chances we take every day. New York: John Wiley and Sons; 1994.
21. Mansfield GH. Letter to M Strehlow and HD Royal, Veterans Advisory Committee on Environmental Hazards. Washington, DC: The Deputy Secretary of Veterans Affairs; 22 April 2005.
22. Moore AG, Apostoaei AI, Thomas BA, Hoffman FO. Thyroid doses and risk of thyroid cancer from exposure to I-131 from the Nevada Test Site. Oak Ridge TN: SENES Oak Ridge, Inc.; 2006. Available at: http://www.senes.com/Thyroid.Doses. Final.Report.pdf. Accessed on 26 August 2011.
23. Morello-Frosch RA, Woodruff TJ, Axelrad DA, Caldwell JC Air toxics and health risks in California: the public health implications of outdoor concentrations. Risk Anal 20:273-291; 2000. (Pubitemid 30354446)
24. National Cancer Institute. I-131 dose/risk calculator. radioactive I-131 from fallout: estimating your exposure [online]. 2007. Available at ntsi131.nci.nih.gov/. Accessed 28 April 2011.
25. National Cancer Institute. Estimated exposure and thyroid doses received by the American people from iodine-131 fallout following Nevada atmospheric nuclear bomb tests. Bethesda, MD: DHHS/NIH/NCI; 1997.
26. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. Limitation of exposure to ionizing radiation. Bethesda, MD: National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements; NCRP. Report No. 116, 1993.
27. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. Ionizing radiation exposure of the population of the United States. Bethesda, MD: National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements; NCRP. Report No. 160, 2009.
28. National Research Council.Assessment of the scientific information of the Radiation Exposure Screening and Education Program. Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2005.
29. National Research Council. Health risks from exposure to low levels of ionizing radiation. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; BEIR VII-Phase II, 2006.
30. President's Cancer Panel. Reducing environmental cancer risk: what we can do now; 2008-2009 annual report. Washington DC: DHHS/NIH/NCI; 2010.
31. Reed EW, Thiessen KM, Hoffman FO, Apostoaei AI. Comparison of doses and risks obtained from dose reconstructions for historical operations of federal facilities that supported the development, production, or testing of nuclear weapons. Health Phys 84:687-697; 2003. (Pubitemid 36622628)
32. Sandman PM. Risk communication: facing public outrage. EPA J 13(9): 21-22; 1987.
33. Sandman PM, Miller PM, Johnson BB, Weinstein ND. Agency communication, community outrage, and perception of risk. Risk Anal 13:585-598; 1993. (Pubitemid 24012154)
34. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. SEER*Stat Database: Incidence-SEER 17 Regs Research Data + Hurricane Katrina Impacted Louisiana Cases, Nov 2007 Sub (2000-2005) Katrina/Rita Population Adjustment-Linked To County Attributes-Total United States, 1969-2005 Counties, National Cancer Institute, DCCPS, Surveillance Research Program, Cancer Statistics Branch [online]. 2008. Available at: www.seer.cancer.gov. Accessed on 5 August 2010.
35. Simon SL, Bouville A, Land CE. Fallout from nuclear weapons tests and cancer risks. Am Sci 94:48-57; 2006.
36. Simon SL, Bouville A, Land CE, Beck HL. Radiation doses and cancer risks in the Marshall Islands associated with exposure to radioactive fallout from Bikini and Enewetak nuclear weapons tests: summary. Health Phys 999:105-123; 2010.
37. Travis CC, Hester ST. Background exposure to chemicals: what is the risk? Risk Anal 10:463-466; 1990.
38. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. Sources and effects of ionizing radiation: UNSCEAR 2008 Report to the General Assembly with scientific annexes. New York: United Nations; 2010.
39. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 42 CFR Part 81-Guidelines for determining the probability of causation under the Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Program Act of 2000; final rule. Federal Register 67:22296-22314; 2002.
40. U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. 38 CFR 3.311-Claims based on exposure to ionizing radiation [online]. 2010. Available at www.warms.vba.va. gov/bookb.html. Accessed 28 April 2011.
41. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 40 CFR Part 300-National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan; final rule. Federal Register 55:8666-8865; 1990.
42. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.Estimating radiogenic cancer risks. Addendum: uncertainty analysis.Washington, DC: U.S. EPA; EPA 402-R-99-003, 1999.
43. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.EPA assessment of risk from radon in homes.Washington, DC: U.S. EPA; EPA 402-R-03-003, 2003.
44. Wilson R, Crouch EAC. Risk assessment and comparisons: an introduction. Sci 236:267-270; 1987. (Pubitemid 17061041)