Low-dose extrapolation of radiation health risks: Some implications of uncertainty for radiation protection at low doses

Health Physics

Volumn 97, Issue 5, 2009, Pages 407-415

  Land, Charles E ^a  

^a NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

Cancer; Epidemiology; Linear hypothesis; National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements

Indexed keywords

ATOMIC BOMB SURVIVOR; CANCER INCIDENCE; CANCER RISK; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; CONFERENCE PAPER; DOSIMETRY; HUMAN; IONIZING RADIATION; LOW ENERGY RADIATION; OCCUPATIONAL HAZARD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIATION CARCINOGENESIS; RADIATION DOSE; RADIATION HAZARD; RADIATION PROTECTION; RADIOACTIVE WASTE; RISK ASSESSMENT; SOLID TUMOR;

ANIMALS; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, RADIATION; HEALTH; HUMANS; LINEAR MODELS; RADIATION DOSAGE; RADIATION PROTECTION; RISK ASSESSMENT; UNCERTAINTY;

EID: 70350375682     PISSN: 00179078     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/HP.0b013e3181b1871b     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (31)

1. Brenner DJ, Raabe OA. Is the linear no-threshold hypothesis appropriate for use in radiation protection? Radiat Protect Dosim 97:279-285; 2001.
2. Brenner DJ, Sachs RK. Estimating radiation-indiced cancer risks at very low doses. Rationale for using a linear, no-threshold approach. Radiat Environ Biophys 44:253-256; 2006.
3. Carr ZA, Kleinerman RA, Weinstock R, Stovall M, Greim ML, Land CE. Malignant neoplasms after radiation therapy for peptic ulcer. Radiat Res 157:668-677; 2002. (Pubitemid 34569135)
4. 131I in Hanfordarea vegetation. Health Phys 70:160-170; 1996.
5. Grogan HA, Sinclair WK, Voilleque PG. Assessing risks from exposure to plutonium. Final Report. Part of Task 3: Independent Analysis of Exposure, Dose and Health Risk to Offsite Individuals. Neeses, SC: Radiological Assessments Corporation; RAC Report No. 5-CDPHE-RFP-1998-FINAL, Rev. 2; 2000.
6. Grogan HA, Sinclair WK, Vollegue PG. Risks of fatal cancer from inhalation of 239, 240 plutonium by humans: a combined four-method approach with uncertainty evaluation. Health Physics 80:447-461; 2001.
7. Erratum in: Health Physics 82:404; 2002.
8. International Atomic Energy Agency. Evaluating the reliability of predictions made using environmental transfer models. Vienna: IAEA; IAEA Safety Series 100; 1989.
9. International Commission on Radiological Protection. 1990 recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. New York: Elsevier; ICRP Publication 60, Ann ICRP 21(1-3); 1991.
10. International Commission on Radiological Protection. Low-dose extrapolation of radiation-related cancer risk. New York: Elsevier; ICRP Publication 99, Ann ICRP 35(4); 2006.
11. Kocher D, Apostoaei, Henshaw RW, Hoffman FO, SchubauerBerigan MK, Stanescu DO, Thomas BA, Trabalka JR, Gilbert ES, Land CE. Interactive Radioepidemiological Program(IREP): a web-based tool for estimating probability of causation-assigned share for radiological cancers. Health Physics 95(1): 119-47; 2008.
12. Land CE. Cancer risks from low doses of ionizing radiation. Science 209:1197-1203; 1980.
13. Land CE. Uncertainty, low-dose extrapolation and the threshold hypothesis. J Radiol Prot 22:A129-A135; 2002.
14. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. Influence of dose and its distribution in time on doseresponse relationships for low-LET radiations. Bethesda, MD: NCRP; NCRP Report No. 64; 1980.
15. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. A guide for uncertainty analysis in dose and risk assessments related to environmental contamination. Bethesda, MD: NCRP; NCRP Commentary No. 14; 1996.
16. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. Uncertainties in fatal cancer risk estimates used in radiation protection. Bethesda, MD: NCRP; NCRP Report No. 126; 1997.
17. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. Evaluation of the linear-nonthreshold dose-response model for ionizing radiation. Bethesda, MD: NCRP; NCRP Report No. 136; 2001.
18. National Institutes of Health. Report of the National Institutes of Health Ad Hoc Working Group to develop radioepidemiological tables. Bethesda, MD: NIH; 1985.
19. National Institutes of Health. Report of the NCI-CDC Working Group to revise the 1985 NIH Radioepidemiological Tables. Bethesda, MD: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute; NIH Publication No. 03-5387; 2003.
20. National Research Council Committee on the Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation. Health risks from exposure to low levels of ionizing radiation. BEIR VII Phase 2. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; BEIR VII; 2006.
21. Parkin DM, Whelan SL, Ferlay J, Teppo L, Thomas DB. Cancer incidence in five continents. Vol.VIII. Lyon: IARC; IARC Scientific Publications No. 155; 2002.
22. Pierce DA, Preston DL. Radiation-related cancer risks at low doses among atomic bomb survivors. Radiat Res 154:178-186; 2000.
23. Pierce DA, Stram DO, Vaeth M. Allowing for random errors in radiation dose estimates for the atomic bomb survivor data. Radiat Res 123:275-284; 1990. (Pubitemid 20327898)
24. Preston DL, Pierce DA, Shimizu S, Cullings H, Fujita S, Funamoto S, Kodama K. Effect of recent atomic bomb survivor dosimetry changes on cancer mortality estimates. Radiat Res 162:377-389; 2004. (Pubitemid 39388159)
25. Preston DL, Ron E, Tokuoka S, Funamoto S, Nishi N, Soda M, Mabuchi K. Solid cancer incidence in atomic bomb survivors: 1958-1998. Radiation Res 168:1-64; 2007.
26. Ries LAG, Harkins D, Krapcho M, Mariotto A, Miller BA, Feuer EJ, Clegg L, Eisner MP, Horner MJ, Howlader N, Hayat M, Hankey BF, Edwards BK. SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2003. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute; 2006. Available at: http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/19752003. Accessed 20 July 2007.
27. Thompson DE, Mabuchi K, Ron E, Soda M, Tokunaga M, Ochikubo S, Sugimoto S, Ikeda T, Terasaki M, Izumi S, Preston DL. Cancer incidence in atomic bomb survivors. Part II: Solid tumors, 1958-1987. Radiat Res 137:S17-0S67; 1994. Available at: http://www.rerf.or.jp. Accessed 20 July 1995.
28. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Estimating radiogenic cancer risks. Washington, DC: U.S. EPA; Report 402-R00-003; 1999.
29. U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Severe accident risks: an assessment for five U.S. nuclear power plants. Springfield, VA: National Technical Information Service; NUREG1150; 1990.
30. U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Severe accident risks: probabilistic accident consequence uncertainty analysis. Springfield, VA: National Technical Information Service; NUREG/CR-6244; 1995.
31. Warren-Hicks WJ, Moore DRG. Uncertainty analysis in ecological risk assessment. Pensacola, FL: SETAC Press; 1998.