Workaholic and Work Engaged Employees: Dead Ringers or Worlds Apart?

Journal of Occupational Health Psychology

Volumn 16, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 468-482

  van Beek, Ilona ^a   Taris, Toon W ^a   Schaufeli, Wilmar B ^a  

^a UTRECHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Effort recovery model; Self determination theory; Work engagement; Work motivation; Workaholism

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; BURNOUT; DENMARK; EMPLOYEE ATTITUDE; FEMALE; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MOTIVATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; WORK SCHEDULE;

ADULT; BURNOUT, PROFESSIONAL; EMPLOYMENT; FACTOR ANALYSIS, STATISTICAL; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MODELS, THEORETICAL; MOTIVATION; NETHERLANDS; PERSONAL SATISFACTION; QUESTIONNAIRES; WORKLOAD;

EID: 80053604192     PISSN: 10768998     EISSN: 19391307     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0024392     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. Arbuckle J.L. AMOS 16.0 (Computer Software) 2007, SPSS inc, Chicago.
2. Beckers D.G.J., Van der Linden D., Smulders P.G.W., Kompier M.A.J., Van Veldhoven M.J.P.M., Van Yperen N.W. Working overtime hours: Relations with fatigue, work motivation, and quality of work. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 2004, 46:1282-1289.
3. Bonebright C.A., Clay D.L., Ankenmann R.D. The relationship of workaholism with work-life conflict, life satisfaction, and purpose in life. Journal of Counseling Psychology 2000, 47:469-477.
4. Brett J.M., Stroh L.K. Working 61-plus hours a week: Why do managers do it?. Journal of Applied Psychology 2003, 88:67-78.
5. Brockner J. The effects of work layoffs on survivors: Research, theory, and practice. Research in organizational behavior 1988, Vol. 10:213-255. JAI Press, Greenwich, CT. B.M. Staw, L.L. Cummings (Eds.).
6. Burke R.J. It's not how hard you work but how you work hard: Evaluating workaholism components. International Journal of Stress Management 1999, 6:225-240.
7. Burke R.J. Workaholism in organizations: Psychological and physical well-being consequences. Stress Medicine 2000, 16:11-16.
8. Burke R.J., MacDermid G. Are workaholics job satisfied and successful in their careers?. Career Development International 1999, 4:277-282.
9. Burke R.J., Matthiesen S. Workaholism among Norwegian journalists: Antecedents and consequences. Stress and Health 2004, 20:301-308.
10. Byrne B.M. Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming 2009, Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ. 2nd ed.
11. Chen F., Bollen K.A., Paxton P., Curran P.J., Kirby J.B. Improper solutions in structural equation models: Causes, consequences, and strategies. Sociological Methods & Research 2001, 29:468-508.
12. Deci E.L., Ryan R.M. Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior 1985, Plenum Press Publishing Co, New York.
13. Deci E.L., Ryan R.M. The γÇ£whatγÇ¥ and γÇ£whatγÇ¥ of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry 2000, 11:227-268.
14. Gagné M., Forest J., Gilbert M., Aubé C., Morin E., Malorni A. The motivation at work scale: Validation evidence in two languages. Educational and Psychological Measurement 2010, 70:628-646.
15. Hockey G.R.J. Compensatory control in the regulation of human performance under stress and high workload: A cognitive-energetical framework. Biological Psychology 1997, 45:73-93.
16. Judge T.A., Bono J.E., Erez A., Locke E.A. Core self-evaluations and job and life satisfaction: The role of self-concordance and goal attainment. Journal of Applied Psychology 2005, 90:257-268.
17. Kanai A. Economic and employment conditions, karoshi (work to death) and the trend of studies on workaholism in Japan. Research companion to working time and work addiction 2006, 158-172. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK. R. Burke (Ed.).
18. Kenny D.A., McCoach D.B. Effect of the number of variables on measures of fit in structural equation modeling. Structural Equation Modeling 2003, 10:333-351.
19. Killinger B. The workaholic breakdown syndrome. Research companion to working time and work addiction 2006, 61-88. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK. R. Burke (Ed.).
20. Koestner R., Losier G.F. Distinguishing three ways of being highly motivated: A closer look at introjection, identification, and intrinsic motivation. Handbook of self-determination research 2002, 101-122. University of Rochester Press, Rochester (NY). E.L. Deci, R.M. Ryan (Eds.).
21. Maslach C. Stress, burnout and workaholism. Professionals in distress: Issues, syndromes and solutions in psychology 1986, 53-73. American Psychological Association, Washington, DC. R.R. Killberg, P.E. Nathan, R.W. Thoreson (Eds.).
22. Maslach C., Jackson S.E., Leiter M.P. MBI: The Maslach Burnout Inventory: Manual 1996, Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto, CA.
23. Meijman T.F., Mulder G. Psychological aspects of workload. Handbook of work and organizational psychology 1998, 5-33. Psychology Press, Hove, UK. 2nd ed. P.J. Drenth, H. Thierry, C.J. de Wolff (Eds.).
24. Mudrack P.E. Understanding workaholism: The case of behavioral tendencies. Research companion to working time and work addiction 2006, 108-128. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK. R.J. Burke (Ed.).
25. OECD Clocking in and clocking out: Recent trends in working hours. OECD Policy Brief 2004, OECD Publications, Paris.
26. Porter G. Workaholic tendencies and the high potential for stress among co-workers. International Journal of Stress Management 2001, 8:147-164.
27. Robinson B.E. The Work Addiction Risk Test: Development of a tentative measure of workaholism. Perceptual and Motor Skills 1999, 88:199-210.
28. Robinson B.E. Chained to the desk: A guidebook for workaholics, their partners and children, and the clinicians who treat them 2007, New York University Press, New York.
29. Ryan R.M. Control and information in the intrapersonal sphere: An extension of cognitive evaluation theory. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1982, 43:450-461.
30. Ryan R.M., Connell J.P. Perceived locus of causality and internalization: Examining reasons for acting in two domains. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 1989, 57:749-761.
31. Ryan R.M., Deci E.L. Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist 2000, 55:68-78.
32. Ryan R.M., Deci E.L. Overview of self-determination theory: An organismic dialectical perspective. Handbook of self-determination research 2002, 3-33. University of Rochester Press, Rochester, NY. E.L. Deci, R.M. Ryan (Eds.).
33. Salanova M., Agut S., Peiró J.M. Linking organizational resources and work engagement to employee performance and customer loyalty: The mediation of service climate. Journal of Applied Psychology 2005, 90:1217-1227.
34. Saris W.E., Satorra A. Power evaluations in structural equation models. Testing structural equation models 1993, 181-204. Sage Publications, London. K.A. Bollen, S. Long (Eds.).
35. Schaufeli W.B., Bakker A.B. Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: A multi-sample study. Journal of Organizational Behavior 2004, 25:293-315.
36. Schaufeli W.B., Bakker A.B., Salanova M. The measurement of work engagement with a short questionnaire: A cross-national study. Educational and Psychological Measurement 2006, 66:701-716.
37. Schaufeli W.B., Bakker A.B., Van der Heijden F.M.M.A., Prins J.T. Workaholism, burnout and well-being among junior doctors: The mediating role of role conflict. Work & Stress 2009, 23:155-172.
38. Schaufeli W.B., Bakker A.B., Van Rhenen W. How changes in job demands and resources predict burnout, work engagement, and sickness absenteeism. Journal of Organizational Behavior 2009, 30:893-917.
39. Schaufeli W.B., Leiter M.P., Maslach C., Jackson S.E. Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey. The Maslach Burnout Inventory: Test manual 1996, 22-26. Consulting Psychologists Press, Palo Alto, CA. 3rd ed. C. Maslach, S.E. Jackson, M.P. Leiter (Eds.).
40. Schaufeli W.B., Salanova M. Work engagement: An emerging psychological concept and its implications for organizations. Managing social and ethical issues in organizations 2007, 135-177. Information Age Publishers, Greenwich, CT. S.W. Gilliland, D.D. Steiner, D.P. Skarlicki (Eds.).
41. Schaufeli W.B., Salanova M. Efficacy or inefficacy, that's the question: Burnout and work engagement, and their relationship with efficacy beliefs. Anxiety, Stress & Coping 2007, 20:177-196.
42. Schaufeli W.B., Salanova M., González-Romá V., Bakker A.B. The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies 2002, 3:71-92.
43. Schaufeli W.B., Shimazu A., Taris T.W. Being driven to work excessively hard: The evaluation of a two-factor measure of workaholism in the Netherlands and Japan. Cross-Cultural Research 2009, 43:320-348.
44. Schaufeli W.B., Taris T.W. The conceptualization and measurement of burnout: Common ground and worlds apart. Work & Stress 2005, 19:256-262.
45. Schaufeli W.B., Taris T.W., Bakker A.B. It takes two to tango: Workaholism is working excessively and working compulsively. The long work hours culture: Causes, consequences and choices 2008, 203-226. Emerald, Bingley, UK. R.J. Burke, C.L. Cooper (Eds.).
46. Schaufeli W., Taris T., Le Blanc P., Peeters M., Bakker A., De Jonge J. Maakt arbeid gezond? Op zoek naar de bevlogen werknemer [Can work produce health? The quest for the engaged worker]. De Psycholoog 2001, 36:422-428.
47. Schaufeli W.B., Taris T.W., Van Rhenen W. Workaholism, burnout and work engagement: Three of a kind or three different kinds of employee well-being?. Applied Psychology: An International Review 2008, 57:173-203.
48. Scott K.S., Moore K.S., Miceli M.P. An exploration of the meaning and consequences of workaholism. Human Relations 1997, 50:287-314.
49. Shirom A., Melamed S., Toker S., Berliner S., Shapira I. Burnout, mental and physical health: A review of the evidence and a proposed explanatory model. International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology 2005, 20:269-309.
50. Sonnentag S. Work, recovery activities, and individual well-being: A diary study. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology 2001, 6:196-210.
51. Sonnentag S. Recovery, work engagement, and proactive behavior: A new look at the interface between nonwork and work. Journal of Applied Psychology 2003, 88:518-528.
52. Spence J.T., Robbins A.S. Workaholism: Definition, measurement, and preliminary results. Journal of Personality Assessment 1992, 58:160-178.
53. Taris T.W., Beckers D.G.J., Verhoeven L.C., Geurts S.A.E., Kompier M.A.J., Van der Linden D. Recovery opportunities, work-home interference, and well-being among managers. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology 2006, 15:139-157.
54. Taris T.W., Schaufeli W.B., Shimazu A. The push and pull of work: About the difference between workaholism and work engagement. Work engagement: A handbook of essential theory and research 2010, 39-53. Psychology Press, New York. A.B. Bakker, M.P. Leiter (Eds.).
55. Taris T.W., Schaufeli W.B., Verhoeven L.C. Workaholism in the Netherlands: Measurement and implications for job strain and work-nonwork conflict. Applied Psychology: An International Review 2005, 54:37-60.
56. Taris T.W., Van Beek I., Schaufeli W.B. Why do perfectionists have a higher burnout risk than others? The mediational effect of workaholism. Romanian Journal of Applied Psychology 2010, 12:1-7.
57. Taris, T. W., Ybema, J. F., Beckers, D. G. J., Verheijden, M. W., Geurts, S. A. E., & Kompier, M. A. J. (in press) Investigating the associations among overtime work, health behaviors, and health: A longitudinal study among full-time employees. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine.
58. Ursin H., Eriksen H.R. The cognitive activation theory of stress. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2004, 29:567-592.
59. Van Beek, I., Hu, Q., Schaufeli, W. B., Taris, T. W., & Schreurs, B. H. J. (in press) For fun, love, or money: What drives workaholic, engaged and burned-out employees at work?. Applied Psychology: An International Review.
60. Van den Broeck A., Vansteenkiste M., De Witte H. Self-determination theory: A theoretical and empirical overview in occupational health psychology. Occupational health psychology: European perspectives on research, education, and practice 2008, Vol. 3:63-88. Nottingham University Press, Nottingham. J. Houdmont, S. Leka (Eds.).
61. Van der Hulst M. Long workhours and health. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment, and Health 2003, 29:171-188.
62. Van der Hulst M., Geurts S. Associations between overtime and psychological health in high and low reward jobs. Work & Stress 2001, 15:227-240.
63. Van Hooff M.L.M., Geurts S.A.E., Kompier M.A.J., Taris T.W. " How fatigued do you currently feel?" Convergent and discriminant validity of a single-item fatigue measure. Journal of Occupational Health 2007, 49:224-234.
64. Vansteenkiste M., Sierens E., Soenens B., Luyckx K., Lens W. Motivational profiles from a self-determination perspective: The quality of motivation matters. Journal of Educational Psychology 2009, 101:671-688.
65. Xanthopoulou D., Bakker A.B., Demerouti E., Schaufeli W.B. The role of personal resources in the job demands-resources model. International Journal of Stress Management 2007, 14:121-141.
66. Xanthopoulou D., Bakker A.B., Demerouti E., Schaufeli W.B. Work engagement and financial returns: A diary study on the role of job and personal resources. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology 2009, 82:183-200.