Working 61 plus hours a week: Why do managers do it?

Journal of Applied Psychology

Volumn 88, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 67-78

  Brett, Jeanne M ^a   Stroh, Linda K ^b  

^a NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b LOYOLA UNIVERSITY CHICAGO   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADMINISTRATIVE PERSONNEL; ADULT; ARTICLE; DECISION MAKING; FEMALE; HUMAN; LEADERSHIP; MALE; MOTIVATION; PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; RECREATION; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; WORKLOAD;

ADMINISTRATIVE PERSONNEL; ADULT; DECISION MAKING; FEMALE; HUMANS; LEADERSHIP; MALE; MOTIVATION; PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT; PERSONNEL STAFFING AND SCHEDULING; RECREATION; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; WORKLOAD;

EID: 0037302132     PISSN: 00219010     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/0021-9010.88.1.67     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Abelson, R. (2001, July 26). A survey of Wall St. finds women disheartened. New York Times, p. C1.
2. Adam, B. (1990). Time and social theory. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
3. Adam, B. (1993). Within and beyond the time economy of employment relations: Conceptual issues pertinent to research on time and work. Social Science Information, 32, 163-184.
4. Barboza, D. (2001, February 7). An executive who relishes taking the riskier route. New York Times, p. C1.
5. Bianchi, S. M., Milkie, M. S., Sayer, L. C., & Robinson, J. P. (2000). Is anyone doing the housework? Trends in gender division of household labor, Social Forces, 79, 191-228.
6. Buck, M., Lee, M. D., MacDermid, S., & Smitg, S. (2000). Reduced-load work and the experience of time among professionals and managers: Implications for personal and organizational life. In C. L. Cooper & D. M. Rousseau (Eds.), Trends in organizational behavior, Vol. 7: Time in organizational behavior (pp. 13-35). Brisbane. Australia: Wiley.
7. Burke, R. J. (1999). Workaholism in organizations: Gender differences. Sex Roles, 41, 333-345.
8. Cartwright, S. (2000). Taking the pulse of executive health in the U. K. Academy of Management Executive, 14, 16-23.
9. Clarkberg, M., & Moen, P. (2001). The time squeeze: Is the increase in working time due to employer demands or employee preferences? American Behavioral Scientist, 44, 1115-1136.
10. Crouter, A. C., Bumpus, M. F., Head, M. R., & McHale, S. M. (2001). Implications of overwork and overload for the quality of men's family relationships. Journal of Marriage and Family, 63, 404-416.
11. Eastman, W. (1998). Working for position: Women, men, and managerial work hours. Industrial Relations, 11, 51-66.
12. Edwards, J. R., & Rothbard, N. (2000). Mechanisms linking work and 'family: Clarifying the relationship between work and family constructs. Academy of Management Review, 25, 178-199.
13. Fisher, A. B. (1992, November 30). Welcome to the age of overwork. Fortune, 126, 64-71.
14. Friedman, S. D., Christensen, P., & DeGroot, J. (1998, November-December). Work and life: The end of the zero-sum game. Harvard Business Review, 76, 119-129.
15. Gilbert, L. A. (1994). Current perspectives on dual-career families. Current Directions In Psychological Science, 3, 101-105.
16. Green, A. (1993). Wobblies, pilebutts, and other heroes. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.
17. Greenhause, S. (2001, September 1). Report shows Americans have more 'Labor Days.' New York Times, p. A6.
18. Hochschild, A. (1997). The time bind. New York: Henry Holt & Company.
19. Hughes, D., Galinsky, E., & Morris, A. (1992). The effects of job characteristics on marital quality: Specifying linking mechanisms. Journal of Marriage & the Family, 54, 31-42.
20. Hulin, C. L. (2002). Lessons from I/O Psychology. In J. M. Brett & F. Drasgow (Eds.), The Psychology of Work: Theoretically Based Empirical Research. New Jersey: Erlbaum.
21. Jacobs, J. A., & Gerson, K. (1998). Who are the overworked Americans? Review of Social Economy, 56, 442-459.
22. Judge, T. A., Cable, D. M., Boudreau, J. W., & Bretz, R. D. (1995). An empirical investigation of the predictions of executive career success. Personnel Psychology, 48, 485-519.
23. Killingsworth, M. R. (1993). Labor supply. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
24. Kossek, E. E., & Ozeki, C. (1998). Work-family conflict, policies, and job-life satisfaction relationships: A review and directions for organizational behavior-human resources research. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83, 139-149.
25. Làlané, B. (2000). Pressures to uniformity and the evolution of cultural norms: Modeling dynamic social impact. In. D. R. Ilgen & C. L. Hulin (Eds.), Computational modeling in organizations. Washington, D.C.: The American Psychological Association.
26. Leana, C. R., & Feldman, D. C. (1992). Coping with job loss. New York: Lexington Books.
27. Lee, M. D., McDermid, S., & Buck, M. (2000). Organizational paradigms of reduced load work. Academy of Management Journal, 43, 1211-1226.
28. Leete, L., & Schor, I. B. (1994). Assessing the time-squeeze hypothesis: Hours worked in the United States, 1969-89. Industrial Relations, 33, 25-42.
29. Major, V. S., Klein, K. J., & Ehrhart, M. G. (2002). Work time, work interference with family, and psychological distress. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 427-436.
30. Maume, D. J., Jr., & Bellas, M. L. (2001). The overworked American or the time bind? American Behavioral Scientist, 44, 1137-1156.
31. Nelson, D., & Burke, R. (2000). Women executive: Health, stress, and success. Academy of Management Executive, 14, 107-121.
32. Osgood, C. E. (1962). An alternative to war or surrender. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.
33. Parasuraman, S., Pruohit, Y. S., Godshalk, V. M., & Beutell, N. J. (1996). Work and family variables, entrepreneurial career success, and psychological well-being. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 48, 275-300.
34. Pittman, J. F. (1994). Work/family fit as a mediator of work factors on marital tension: Evidence from the interface of greedy institutions. Human Relations, 47, 183-209.
35. Rapaport, R., & Bailyn, L. (1996). Relinking life and work: Toward a better future. Ford Foundation.
36. Rebitzer, J., & Taylor, L. (1995). Do labor markets provide enough short-hours jobs? An analysis of work hours and work incentives. Economic Inquiry, 33, 257-273.
37. Rones, P. L., Ilg, R. E., & Gardner, J. (1997). Trends in hours of work since the mid-1970s. Monthly Labor Review, April, 3-14.
38. Schor, J. (1991). The overworked American: The unexpected decline of leisure. New York: Basic Books.
39. Seeger, P. (1975). On Pete Seeger/Arlo Guthrie Together in Concert [tape]. Burbank, CA: Reprise Records, a division of Warner Bros. Records. Inc.
40. Sparks, K., Cooper, C., Fried, Y., & Shirom, A. (1997). The effects of hours of work on health: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 70, 391-409.
41. Tenbrunsel, A. E., Brett, J. M., Maoz, E., Stroh, L. K., & Reilly, A. H. (1995). Dynamic and static work-family relationships. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 63, 233-246.
42. U.S. Department of Labor. (2000). Bureau of Labor Statistics Current Population Survey Summary 00-12. Retrieved May, 2000, from www.bls.gov/opub/ils/pd/opbils37.pdf
43. Wallace, J. E. (1997). It's about time: A study of hours worked and work spillover among law firm lawyers. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 50, 227-248.
44. Worrall, L., & Cooper, C. L. (1999). Quality of work life survey. London: Institute of Management.
45. Worthy, F. S. (1987, April). You're probably working too hard. Fortune, 27, 133-139.
46. Yogev, S., & Brett, J. M. (1985). Patterns of work and family involvement among single and dual earner couples: Two competing analytic approaches. Journal of Applied Psychology, 70, 754-758.