The whitefly genome-White paper: A proposal to sequence multiple genomes of Bemisia tabaci

Bemisia: Bionomics and Management of a Global Pest

Volumn , Issue , 2010, Pages 503-532

  Czosnek, Henryk ^a   Brown, Judith K ^b  

^a HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM   (Israel)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 80053579009     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1007/978-90-481-2460-2_18     Document Type: Chapter

References (128)

1. Barton GM, Medzhitov R. 2003. Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. Science 300:1524-1525.
2. Baumann P. 2005. Biology of bacteriocyte-associated endosymbionts of plant sap-sucking insects. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 59:155-189.
3. Baumann P, Munson MA, Lai C-Y, Clark MA, Baumann L, Moran NA, Campbell BC. 1993. Origin and properties of bacterial endosymbionts of aphids, whiteflies, and mealybugs. ASM News 5:21-24.
4. Bejarano ER, Khashoggi A, Witty M, Lichtenstein CP. 1996. Integration of multiple repeats of geminiviral DNA into the nuclear genome of tobacco during evolution. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:759-764.
5. Bedford ID, Briddon RW, Brown JK, Rosell RC, Markham PG. 1994. Geminivirus transmision and biological characterisation of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biotypes from different geographic regions. Ann. Appl. Biol. 125:311-325.
6. Berry S, Rey MEC, Rogan D, Fondong VN, Fauquet CM, Brown JK. 2004. Molecular evidence for distinct Bemisia tabaci geographically genotypes from cassava in Africa. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 97:852-859.
7. Bird J. 1957. A whitefly-transmitted mosaic of Jatropha gossypifolia. Technical Paper, Agricultural Experimental Station of Puerto Rico 22:1-35.
8. Blackman RL, Cahill M. 1998. The karyotype of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Bull. Entomol. Res. 88:213-215.
9. Blair CD, Adleman ZN, Olsen KE. 2000. Molecular strategies for interrupting arthropod-borne virus transmission by mosquitoes. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 13:651-661.
10. Bradeen JM, Timmermans MCP, Messing J. 1997. Dynamic genome organization and gene evolution by positive selection in geminiviruses (Geminiviridae). Mol. Biol. Evol. 14:1114-1124.
11. Brown JK. 2007. The Bemisia tabaci complex: genetic and phenotypic variation and relevance to TYLCV-vector interactions. In The Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus Disease: Management, Molecular Biology and Breeding for Resistance, ed. H Czosnek, pp. 25-56. The Netherlands: Springer.
12. Brown JK, Frohlich DR, Rosell RC. 1995. The sweetpotato/silverleaf whiteflies: biotypes of Bemisia tabaci (Genn.), or a species complex? Annu. Rev. Entomol. 40:511-534.
13. Brown JK, Idris AM. 2005. Genetic differentiation of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) mito-chondrial COI and geographic congruence with the coat protein of the plant virus genus: Begomovirus. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 98:827-837.
14. Brown JK. 2000. Molecular markers for the identification and global tracking of whitefly vector-begomovirus complexes. Virus Res. 71:233-260.
15. Brown JK. 2001. The molecular epidemiology of begomoviruses. In Trends in Plant Virology, ed. JA Khan, J Dykstra, pp. 279-316. New York: The Haworth Press, Inc.
16. Brown JK, Czosnek H. 2002. Whitefly transmitted viruses. In Advances in Botanical Research, ed. RT Plumb, Vol. 36, pp. 65-100. New York: Academic Press.
17. Brown JK, Lambert GM, Ghanim M, Czosnek H, Galbraith DW. 2005. Nuclear DNA content of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Aleyrodidae: Homoptera/Hemiptera) estimated by flow cytometry. Bull. Entomol. Res. 95:309-312.
18. Buchner P. 1965. Endosymbiosis of Animals with Plant Microorganisms. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
19. Burban C, Fishpool LDC, Fauquet C, Fargette D, Thouvenel J-C. 1992. Host-associated bio-types within West African populations of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn.), Homoptera: Aleyrodidae. J. Appl. Entomol. 113:416-423.
20. Butlin R. 1995. Genetic variation in mating signals and responses. In Speciation and the Recognition Concept, Theory and Application, ed. DM Lambert, HG Spencer, pp. 327-366.Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
21. Byrne DN, Bellows TS, Jr, Parrella MP. 1990. Whiteflies in agricultural systems. In Whiteflies: their Bionomics, Pest Status, and Management, ed. D Gerling, pp. 227-261. Andover, Hants, UK: Intercept Ltd.
22. Byrne FJ, Cahill M, Denholm I, Devonshire AL. 1995. Biochemical identification of interbreeding between B-type and non B-type strains of the tobacco whitefly Bemisia tabaci. Biochem. Genet. 33:1-23.
23. Caballero R, Brown JK. 2008. Positive evidence for interbreeding and differential gene flow between three well characterized biotypes of the Bemisia tabaci complex (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) excludes geographic and host barriers as isolating factors. Fourth International Bemisia WorkshopInternational Whitefly Genomics Workshop Duck Key, Florida, USA ed. PA Stansly, CL McKenzie. J. Insect Sci. 8:(4), http://www.insectscience.org/8.04/ ref/abstract16.html
24. Caballero R, Torres-Jerez I, Brown JK. 2001. Two distinct Wolbachia identified in Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) are associated with uni-directional cytoplasmic incompatibility in infected and unin-fected biotypes. In Proceedings of The 6th International Whitefly and Geminivirus Workshop, Ragusa, Sicily, February 27-March 2, 2001.
25. Caciagli P, Bosco D, Al-Bitar L. 1995. Relationships of the Sardinian isolate of tomato yellow leaf curl geminivirus with its whitefly vector Bemisia tabaci Gen. Eur. J. Plant Pathol. 101:163-170.
26. Cahill M, Byrne FJ, German K, Denholm I, Devonshire AL. 1995. Pyrethroid and organophosphate resistance in the tobacco whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Bull. Entomol. Res. 85:181-187.
27. Campbell BC. 1993. Congruent evolution between whiteflies (Homoptera: Aleyrodidaw) and their bacterial endosymbionts based on respective 18S and 16S rDNAs. Curr. Microbiol. 26:129-132.
28. Campbell BC, Steffen-Campbell JD, Gill RJ. 1996. Origin and radiation of whiteflies: an initial molecular phylogenetic assessment. In Bemisia 1995: Taxonomy, Biology, Damage, Control, and Management, ed. D Gerling, RT Mayer, pp. 29-51. Andover, Hants, UK: Intercept Ltd.
29. Cheil E, Gottlieb Y, Zchori-Fein E, Mozes-Daube N, Katzir N, Inbar M, Ghanim M. 2007. Biotype-dependent secondary symbiont communities in sympatric populations of Bemisia tabaci. Bull. Entomol. Res. 97:1-7.
30. Cicero JM, Hiebert E, Webb SE. 1995. The alimentary canal of Bemisia tabaci and Trialeurodes abutilonea (Homoptera, Sternorrhyncha): histology, ultrastructure and correlations to function. Zoomorphology 115:31-39.
31. Clark MA, Baumann L, Munson MA, Baumann P, Campbell BC, Duffus JE, Osborne LS, Moran NA. 1992. The eubacterial endosymbionts of whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) constitute a lineage separate from the endosymbionts of aphids and mealybugs. Curr. Microbiol. 25:119-123.
32. Cock MJW. 1993. Bemisia tabaci, An Update 1986-1992 on the Cotton Whitefly with an Annotated Bibliography, 78pp. Silwood Park, UK: CAB IIBC.
33. Cohen S. 1967. The occurrence in the body of Bemisia tabaci of a factor apparently related to the phenomenon of "periodic acquisition" of tomato yellow leaf curl virus. Virology 31:180-183.
34. Cohen S, Duffus JE, Liu HY. 1989. Acquisition, interference, and retention of cucurbit leaf curl viruses in whiteflies. Phytopathology 79:109-113.
35. Cohen S, Kern J, Harpaz I, Ben-Joseph R. 1988. Epidemiological studies of the tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) in the Jordan Valley, Israel. Phytoparasitica 16:259-270.
36. Cohen S, Marco S. 1970. Periodic occurrence of an anti-TMV factor in the body of whiteflies carrying the tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV). Virology 40:363-368.
37. Costa AS, Russell LM. 1975. Failure of Bemisia tabaci to breed on cassava plants in Brazil (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Cienc. Cult. 27:388-390.
38. Costa HS, Westcot DM, Ullman DE, Rosell RC, Brown JK, Johnson MW. 1995. Morphological variation in Bemisia endosymbionts. Protoplasma 189:194-202.
39. Costa HS, Brown JK. 1991. Variation in biological characteristics and in esterase patterns among populations of Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) and the association of one population with silverleaf symptom development. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 61:211-219.
40. Costa HS, Brown JK, Sivasupramanium S, Bird J. 1993. Regional distribution, insecticide resistance and reciprocal crosses between the A and type B of Bemisia tabaci. Insect Sci. Appl. 14:255-266.
41. Czosnek H. 2007. Interactions of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus with its insect vector. In The Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus Disease: Management, Molecular Biology And Breeding For Resistance, ed. H Czosnek, pp 157-170. The Netherlands: Springer.
42. Czosnek H, Ghanim M, Ghanim M. 2002. Circulative pathway of begomoviruses in the whitefly vector Bemisia tabaci-insights from studies with Tomato yellow leaf curl virus. Ann. Appl. Biol. 140:215-231.
43. De Barro PJ. 2005. Genetic structure of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci in the Asia-Pacific region revealed using microsatellite markers. Mol. Ecol. 14:3695-3718.
44. De Barro PJ, Hart PJ. 2000. Mating interactions between two biotypes of the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Australia. Bull. Entomol. Res. 90:103-112.
45. De Barro PJ, Driver F, Trueman JWH, Curran J. 2000. Phylogenetic relationships of world populations of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) using ribosomal ITS1. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 16:29-36.
46. Denholm I, Cahill M, Dennehy TJ, Horowitz AR. 1998. Challenges with managing insecticide resistance in agricultural pests, exemplified by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 353:1757-1767.
47. DeRisi JL, Kyer VR, Brown PO. 1997. Exploring the metabolic and genetic control of gene expression on a genomic scale. Science 278:680-686.
48. Dimitri P, Corradini N, Rossi F, Mei E, Zhimulev IF, Vernì F. 2005. Transposable elements as artisans of the heterochromatic genome in Drosophila melanogaster Cytogenet. Genome Res. 110:165-172.
49. Dobson SL, Bourtzis K, Braig HR, Jones BF, Zhou W, Rousset F, O'Neill SL. 1999. Wolbachia infections are distributed throughout insect somatic and germ line tissues. Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 29:153-160.
50. Douglas AE. 1998. Nutritional interactions in insect-microbial symbioses: aphids and their symbiotic bacteria Buchnera. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 43:17-37.
51. Eisen MB, Spellman PT, Brown PO, Botstein D. 1998. Cluster analysis and display of genome-wide expression patterns. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95:14863-14868.
52. Fire A, Xu S, Montgomery MK, Kostas SA, Driver SE, Mello CC. 1998. Potent and specific genetic interference by double-stranded RNA in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nature 391: 806-811.
53. Frohlich DR, Brown JK, Bedford I, Markham P. 1996. Mitochondrial 16S ribosomal subunit as a molecular marker in Bemisia, and implications for population variability. In Bemisia 1995: Taxonomy, Biology, Damage, Control and Management, ed. D Gerling, RT Mayer, pp. 143-145. Andover, Hants, UK: Intercept Ltd.
54. Frohlich D, Torres-Jerez I, Bedford ID, Markham PG, Brown JK. 1999. A phylogeographic analysis of the Bemisia tabaci species complex based on mitochondrial DNA markers. Mol. Ecol. 8:1593-1602.
55. Gawel NJ, Bartlett AC. 1993. Characterization of differences between whiteflies using RAPD-PCR. Insect Mol. Biol. 2:33-38.
56. Gelman DB, Gerling D, Blackburn MA. 2005. Host-parasitoid interactions relating to penetration of the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci, by the parasitoid wasp, Eretmocerus mundus. J. Insect Sci. 5:46.
57. Gennadius P. 1889. Disease of tobacco plantations in the Trikonia. The aleurodid of tobacco [in Greek]. Ellenike Georgia 5:1-3.
58. Gerling D, Mayers R (eds.). 1996. Bemisia 1995: Taxonomy, Biology, Damage, Control and Management. Andover, Hants, UK: Intercept.
59. Gerling D, Orion T, Delarea Y. 1990. Eretmocerus penetration and immature development: a novel approach to overcome host immunity. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 13:247-253.
60. Ghanim M, Czosnek H. 2000. Tomato yellow leaf curl geminivirus (TYLCV-Is) is transmitted among whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) in a sex-related manner. J. Virol. 74:4738-4745.
61. Ghanim M, Kontsedalov S. 2007. Gene expression in pyriproxyfen resistant Bemisia tabaci Q biotype. Pest Manag. Sci. 63:776-783.
62. Ghanim M, Morin S, Czosnek H. 2001a. Rate of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV) translocation in the circulative transmission pathway of its vector, the whitefly Bemisia tabaci. Phytopathology 91:188-196.
63. Ghanim M, Rosell RC, Campbell LR, Czosnek H, Brown JK, Ullman DE. 2001b. Microscopic analysis of the digestive, salivary and reproductive organs of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) biotype B. J. Morphol. 248:22-40.
64. Ghanim M, Kontsedalov S, Czosnek H. 2007a. Tissue-specific gene silencing by RNA interference in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius). Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 37:732-738.
65. Ghanim M, Sobol I, Ghanim M, Czosnek H. 2007b. Horizontal transmission of begomoviruses between Bemisia tabaci biotypes. Arthropod-Plant Inter. 1:195-204.
66. Gill RJ. 1990. The morphology of whiteflies. In Whiteflies, Their Bionomics, Pest Status and Management, ed. D Gerling, pp. 13-46. Andover, Hants, UK: Intercept Ltd.
67. Gillespie JP, Kanost MR, Trenczek T. 1997. Biological mediators of insect immunity. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 42:611-643.
68. Girardin SE, Sansonetti PJ, Philpott DJ. 2002. Intracellular vs extracellular recognition of pathogens-common concepts in mammals and flies. Trends Microbiol. 10:193-199.
69. Gottlieb Y, Ghanim M, Chiel E, Gerling D, Portnoy V, Steinberg S, Tzuri G, Horowitz AR, Belausov E, Mozes-Daube N, Kontsedalov S, Gershon M, Gal S, Katzir N, Zchori-Fein E. 2006. Identification and localization of a Rickettsia sp in Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 72:3646-3652.
70. Gupta RS. 1995. Evolution of the chaperonin families (Hsp60, Hsp10 and Tep-1) of proteins and the origin of eukaryotic cells. Mol. Microbiol. 15:1-11.
71. Gunning RV, Byrne FJ, Devonshire AL. 1997. Electrophoretic analysis of non-B and B-biotype Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Australia. Aust. J. Entomol. 36:245-249.
72. Holt RA, Subramanian GM, Halpern A et al. 2002. The genome sequence of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae. Science 298:129-149.
73. Horowitz AR, Denholm I, Gorman K, Cenis JL, Kontsedalov S, Ishaaya I. 2003. Biotype Q of Bemisia tabaci identified in Israel. Phytoparasitica 31:94-98.
74. Horowitz AR, Kontsedalov S, Khasdan V, Ishaaya I. 2005. Biotypes B and Q of Bemisia tabaci and their relevance to neonicotinoid and pyriproxyfen resistance. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 58:216-225.
75. Hunter WB, Hiebert E, Webb SE, Tsai JK, Polston JE. 1998. Location of geminiviruses in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Plant Dis. 82:1147-1151.
76. Jiang YX, de Blas C, Barrios L, Fereres A. 2000. Correlation between whitefly (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) feeding behavior and transmission of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 93:573-579.
77. Jiang YX, de Blas C, Bedford ID, Nombela G, Muniz M. 2004. Effects of Bemisia tabaci biotype on the transmission of tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus (TYLCSV-ES) between tomato common weeds. Spanish J. Agri. Res. 2:115-119.
78. Jiu M, Zhou X-P, Tong L, Xu J, Yang X, Wan F-H, Liu S-S. 2007. Vector-virus mutualism accelerates population increase of an invasive whitefly. PloS ONE 1:e182.
79. Kirkpatrick M, Ravigné V. 2002. Speciation by natural and sexual selection: models and experiments. Am. Naturalist 159:S22-S35.
80. Kunik T, Gafni Y, Czosnek H, Citovsky V. 1997. Transgenic tomato plants expressing TYLCV capsid protein are resistant to the virus: the role of nuclear localization signal (NLS) in the resistance. Acta Horticult. 447:387-391.
81. Leshkowitz D, Gazit S, Reuveni E, Ghanim M, Czosnek H, McKenzie C, Shatters RG, Jr, Brown JK. 2006. Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) genome project: analysis of sequenced clones from egg, instar, and adult (viruliferous and non-viruliferous) cDNA libraries. BMC Genomics 7:79.
82. Liu SS, DeBarro PJ, Xu J, Luan JB, Zang LS, Ruan YM, Wan FH. 2007. Asymmetric mating interactions drive widespread invasion and displacement in a whitefly. Science 318: 1769-1772.
83. Ma D, Gorman K, Devine G, Luo W, Denholm I. 2007. The biotype and insecticide-resistance status of whiteflies, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), invading cropping systems in Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region of northwestern China. Crop Prot. 26:612-617.
84. Mahadav A, Gerling D, Gottlieb Y, Czosnek H, Ghanim M. 2008. Gene expression in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci pupae in response to parasitization by the wasp Eretmocerus mundus. BMC Genomics 9:342.
85. Mahadav A, Kontsedalov S, Czosnek H, Ghanim M. 2009. Thermotolerance and gene expression following heat stress in the whitefly Bemisia tabaci B and Q biotypes. Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 39:668-676.
86. Martin JH. 2003. Whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)-their systematic history and the resulting problems of conventional taxonomy, with special reference to descriptions of Aleyrodes proletella (Linnaeus, 1758) and Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889). Entomologist's Gazette 54:125-136.
87. Maruthi MN, Colvin J, Thwaites RM, Banks GK, Gibson G, Seal SE. 2004. Reproductive incompatibility and cytochrome oxidase I gene sequence variability amongst host-adapted and geographically separate Bemisia tabaci populations (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Syst. Entomol. 29:560-568.
88. McKenzie CL. 2002. Effect of Tomato mottle virus (ToMoV) on Bemisia tabaci biotype B (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) oviposition and adult survivorship on healthy tomato. Fla. Entomol. 85:367-368.
89. Moran NA, Telang A. 1998. Bacteriocyte-associated symbionts of insects. Bioscience 48: 295-304.
90. Morin S, Ghanim M, Sobol I, Czosnek H. 2000. The GroEL protein of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci interacts with the coat protein of transmissible and non-transmissible begomoviruses in the yeast two-hybrid system. Virology 276:404-416.
91. Morin S, Ghanim M, Zeidan M, Czonek H, Verbeek M, van den Heuvel FJM. 1999. A GroEL homologue from endosymbiotic bacteria of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci is implicated in the circulative transmission of tomato yellow leaf curl virus. Virology 256:75-84.
92. Morin S, Williamson MS, Goodson SJ, Brown JK, Tabashnik BE, Dennehy TJ. 2002. Mutations in the Bemisia tabaci sodium channel gene associated with resistance to a pyrethroid plus organophosphate mixture. Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 32:1781-1791.
93. Mound LA. 1963. Host-correlated variation in Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius)(Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Proc. Royal Entomol. Soc. Lond. A 38:171-180.
94. Mound LA, Halsey SH. 1978. Whitefly of the World: A Systematic Catalogue of the Aleyrodidae (Homoptera) with Host Plant and Natural Enemy Data. British Museum, 340pp.
95. Munson MA, Baumann P, Clark MA, Baumann L, Moran NA, Voegtlin DJ, Campbell BC. 1991. Evidence for the establishment of aphid-eubacterium endosymbiosis in an ancestor of four aphid families. J. Bacteriol. 173:6321-6324.
96. Pérez-Brocal V, Gil R, Ramos S, Lamelas A, Postigo M, Michelena J, Silva F, Moya A, Latorre A. 2006. A small microbial genome: the end of a long symbiotic relationship? Science 314:312-313.
97. Perring TM, Cooper D, Rodriguez RJ, Farrar CA, Bellows TS, Jr. 1993. Identification of a whitefly species by genomic and behavioral studies. Science 259(74):77.
98. Perring TM, Symmes EJ. 2006. Courtship behavior of Bemisia argentifolii (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and whitefly mate recognition. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 99:598-606.
99. Pimentel D, Lach L, Zuniga R, Morrison D. 2000. Environmental and economic costs of nonindigenous species in the United States. Bioscience 50:53-65.
100. Provencher LM, Morse GE, Weeks AR, Normark BB. 2005. Parthenogenesis in the Aspidiotus nerii Complex (Hemiptera: Diaspididae): a single origin of a worldwide, polyphagous lineage associated with Cardinium bacteria. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 98:629-635.
101. Ronda M, Adán A, Beitia DF, Cifuentes D, Cenis JL. 2000. Interbreeding between biotypes of Bemisia tabaci. European Whitefly Studies Network Newsletter No. 3, http://www.whitefly.org/EWSN-NewDownLds-pdf/EWSN- Newsletter03.pdf
102. Rosell RC, Bedford ID, Frohlich DR, Gill RJ, Brown JK, Markham PG. 1997. Analysis of morphological variation in distinct populations of Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 90:575-589.
103. Rosell R, Lichty JE, Brown JK. 1995. Ultrastructure of the mouthparts of adult sweetpotato white-fly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Int. J. Insect Morphol. Embryol. 24:297-306.
104. Rosell RC, Torres-Jerez I, Brown JK. 1999. Temporal pathway of geminivirus in whitefly extracts, saliva, hemolymph and honeydew. Phytopathology 89:239-246.
105. Rosell RC, Davidson EW, Jancovich JK, Hendrix DL, Brown JK. 2003. Size limitations in the filter chamber and digestive tract of nymphal and adult Bemisia tabaci whiteflies (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 96:544-552.
106. Rubinstein G, Czosnek H. 1997. Long-term association of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) with its whitefly vector Bemisia tabaci: effect on the insect transmission capacity, longevity and fecundity. J. Gen. Virol. 78:2683-2689.
107. Russell LM. 1957. Synonyms of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Bull. Brooklyn Ent. Soc. 52:122-123.
108. Sanchez-Campos S, Navas-Castillo J, Camero R, Soria C, Diaz JA, Moriones E. 1999. Displacement of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV)-Sr by TYLCV-Is in tomato epidemics in Spain. Phytopathology 89:1038-1043.
109. Sakharkar MK, Kangueane P. 2004. Genome SEGE: A database for 'intronless' genes in eukaryotic genomes. BMC Genomics 5:67.
110. Salvucci ME, Stecher DS, Henneberry TJ. 2000. Heat shock proteins in whitefies, an insect that accumulates sorbitol in response to heat stress. J. Therm. Biol. 25:363-371.
111. Schlee D. 1970. Verwandtschaftsforschung an fossilen und rezenten Aleyrodina (Insectas, Hemiptera). Stuttg. Beitr. Nat.kd. A Biol. 213:1-74.
112. Simon C, Frati F, Beckenbach A, Crespi B, Liu H, Flook P. 1994. Evolution, weighting, and phy-logenetic utility of mitochondrial gene sequences and a compilation of conserved polymerase chain reaction primers. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 87:651-701.
113. Sinisterra XH, McKenzie CL, Hunter WB, Powell CA, Shatters RG, Jr. 2005. Differential tran-scriptional activity of plant pathogenic begomoviruses in their whitefly vector. J. Gen. Virol. 86:1525-1532.
114. Southamer R, Breeuwer JAJ, Hurst GDD. 1999. Wolbachia pipientis: microbial manipulator of arthropod reproduction. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 53:71-102.
115. Sseruwagi P, Legg JP, Maruthi MN, Colvin J, Rey MEC, Brown JK. 2005. Genetic diversity of Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) populations and presence of the B and a non-B biotype that is capable of inducing silverleaf symptoms in squash, in Uganda. Ann. App. Biol. 147:253-265.
116. Strachan T, Read AP. 2004. Human Molecular Genetics, 3rd Edition. London and New York: Garland Science.
117. Thao ML, Baumann L. 2004. Evolutionary relationships of primary prokaryotic and endosym-bionts of whiteflies and their hosts. Appl. Environm. Microbiol. 70:3401-3406.
118. Tram U, Sullivan W. 2002. Role of delayed nuclear envelope breakdown and mitosis in Wolbachia-induced cytoplasmic incompatibility. Science 296:1124-1126.
119. van den Heuvel JFJM, Verbeek M, van der Wilk F. 1994. Endosymbiotic bacteria associated with circulative transmission of potato leafroll virus by Myzus persicae. J. Gen. Virol. 75: 2559-2569.
120. Viscarret MM, Torres-Jerez I, Agostini de Manero E, López SN, Botto EE, Brown JK. 2003. Mitochondrial DNA evidence for a distinct clade of New World Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) from Argentina and Bolivia, and presence of the Old World B biotype in Argentina. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 96:65-72.
121. Weeks AR, Breeuwer JAJ. 2003. A new bacterium from the Cytophaga-Flavobacterium-Bacteroides phylum that causes sex-ratio distortion. In Insect Symbiosis, ed. K Bourtzis, A Miller, pp. 165-176. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press LLC.
122. Weeks AR, Velten R, Stouthamer R. 2003. Incidence of a new sex-ratio-distorting endosymbiotic bacterium among arthropods. Proc. R. Soc. Lond., B, Biol. Sci. 270:1857-1865.
123. Werling D, Jungi TW. 2003. Toll-like receptors linking innate and adaptive immune response. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 91:1-12.
124. Werren JH. 1997. Biology of Wolbachia. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 42:587-609.
125. Werren JH. 1998. Wolbachia and speciation. In Endless Forms: Species and Speciation, ed. D Howard, S Berlocher, pp. 245-260. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
126. Wool D, Gerling D, Bellotti AC, Morales FJ. 1993. Esterase electrophoretic variation in Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hem., Aleyrodidae) among host plants and localities in Israel. J. Appl. Entomol. 115:185-196.
127. Zchori-Fein E, Brown JK. 2002. Diversity of prokaryotes associated with Bemisia tabaci (Genn.) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 95:711-718.
128. Zchori-Fein E, Perlman SJ. 2004. Distribution of the bacterial symbiont Cardinium in arthropods. Mol. Ecol. 13:2009-2016.