Eddy covariance flux measurements confirm extreme CH 4 emissions from a Swiss hydropower reservoir and resolve their short-term variability

Biogeosciences

Volumn 8, Issue 9, 2011, Pages 2815-2831

  Eugster, W ^a   Delsontro, T ^a,b   Sobek, S ^c  

^a ETH ZURICH   (Switzerland)

^b SWISS FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF AQUATIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Switzerland)

^c UPPSALA UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE; CARBON DIOXIDE; EDDY COVARIANCE; EMISSION INVENTORY; ESTIMATION METHOD; FLUX MEASUREMENT; GAS FLOW; GREENHOUSE GAS; HIGH TEMPERATURE; HYDROELECTRIC POWER; INVERSE ANALYSIS; LAKE LEVEL; METHANE; MULTIPLE REGRESSION; NUMERICAL MODEL; OPEN WATER; PARTICULATE ORGANIC MATTER; PRESSURE GRADIENT; RESERVOIR; SENSOR; TEMPERATE ENVIRONMENT; TEMPORAL VARIATION; WATER TEMPERATURE;

SWITZERLAND;

EID: 80053398201     PISSN: 17264170     EISSN: 17264189     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.5194/bg-8-2815-2011     Document Type: Article

References (62)

1. Albrecht, A., Reiser, R., Lück, A., Stoll, J. A., and Giger, W.: Radiocesium dating of sediments from lakes and reservoirs of different hydrological regimes, Environ. Sci. Technol., 32, 1882- 1887, 1998. (Pubitemid 28319315)
2. Algar, C. K. and Boudreau, B. P.: Stability of bubbles in a linear elastic medium: Implications for bubble growth in marine sediments, J. Geophys. Res., 115, F03012, doi:10.1029/2009JF001312, 2010.
3. AquaPlus: Kieselalgen der Aare. Biologisch indizierte Wasserqualität zwischen Thunersee und Bielersee, Tech. rep., AquaPlus - Elber Hürlimann Niederberger, Zug, 62 pp., 2008.
4. Baldocchi, D.: "Breathing" of the terrestrial biosphere: Lessons learned from a global network of carbon dioxide flux measurement systems, Aust. J. Bot., 56, 1-26, doi:10.1071/BT07151, 2008. (Pubitemid 351214512)
5. Baldocchi, D., Falge, E., Gu, L., Olson, R., Hollinger, D., Running, S., Anthoni, P., Bernhofer, C., Davis, K., Evans, R., Fuentes, J., Goldstein, A., Katul, G., Law, B., Lee, X., Malhi, Y., Meyers, T., Munger,W., Oechel,W., Paw U, K. T., Pilegaard, K., Schmid, H. P., Valentini, R., Verma, S., Vesala, T.,Wilson, K., andWofsy, S.: FLUXNET: A new tool to study the temporal and spatial variability of ecosystem-scale carbon dioxide, water vapor, and energy flux densities, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 82, 2415-2434, 2001. (Pubitemid 33642006)
6. Bastviken, D.: Methane, in: Encyclopedia of Inland Waters, edited by: Likens, G. E., 783-805, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2009.
7. Bastviken, D., Cole, J., Pace, M., and Tranvik, L.: Methane emissions from lakes: Dependence on lake characteristics, two regional assessments, and a global estimate, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 18, 1-12, 2004. (Pubitemid 40440571)
8. Bastviken, D., Tranvik, L. J., Downing, J. A., Crill, P. M., and Enrich-Prast, A.: Freshwater methane emissions offset the continental carbon sink, Science, 331, p. 50, 2011.
9. Boudreau, B. P., Algar, C., Johnson, B. D., Croudace, I., Reed, A., Furukawa, Y., Dorgan, K. M., Jumars, P. A., Grader, A. S., and Gardiner, B. S.: Bubble growth and rise in soft sediments, Geology, 33, 517-520, doi:10.1130/G21259.1, 2005. (Pubitemid 40829848)
10. Castaldi, S., Constantini, M., Cenciarelli, P., Ciccioli, P., and Valentini, R.: The methane sink associated to soils of natural and agricultural ecosystems in Italy, Chemosphere, 66, 723-729, 2007. (Pubitemid 44803049)
11. Cole, J. J., Prairie, Y. T., Caraco, N. F., McDowell, W. H., Tranvik, L. J., Striegl, R. G., Duarte, C. M., Kortelainen, P., Downing, J. A., Middelburg, J. J., and Melack, J.: Plumbing the global carbon cycle: Integrating inland waters into the terrestrial carbon budget, Ecosystems, 10, 171-184, 2007. (Pubitemid 46825795)
12. Conrad, R.: Control of methane production in terrestrial ecosystems, in: Exchange of trace gases between terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere, edited by: Andreae, M. O. and Schimel, D. S., 39-58, Wiley-Interscience, 1989.
13. DelSontro, T., McGinnis, D. F., Sobek, S., Ostrovsky, I., and Wehrli, B.: Extreme methane emissions from a Swiss hydropower reservoir: Contribution from bubbling sediments, Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 2419-2425, doi:10.1021/ es9031369, 2010.
14. Downing, J. A., Prairie, Y. T., Duarte, J. J. C. C. M., Tranvik, L. J., Striegl, R. G., McDowell, W. H., Kortelainen, P., Caraco, N. F., Melack, J. M., and Middleburg, J. J.: The global abundance and size distribution of lakes, ponds, and impoundments, Limnol. Oceanogr., 51, 2388-2397, 2006. (Pubitemid 44529542)
15. 4 fluxes, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 150, 841-851, doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2009.12.008, 2010.
16. 2 flux, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 74, 321-340, 1995. (Pubitemid 26439378)
17. 2 exchange between air and water in an arctic Alaskan and midlatitude Swiss lake: Importance of convective mixing, J. Geophys. Res., 108, 4362-4380, doi:10.1029/2002JD002653, 2003.
18. Foken, T., Göckede, M., Mauder, M., Mahrt, L., Amiro, B., and Munger, W.: Post-field data quality control, chap. 9, Kluwer, Dordrecht, 181-208, 2004.
19. Forster, P., Ramaswamy, V., Artaxo, P., Berntsen, T., Betts, R., Fahey, D. W., Haywood, J., Lean, J., Lowe, D. C., Myhre, G., Nganga, J., Prinn, R., Raga, G., Schulz, M., and Dorland, R. V.: Changes in atmospheric constituents and in radiative forcing, in: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, edited by: Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Marquis, M., Averyt, K., Tignor, M. M. B., Miller Jr., H. L., and Chen, Z., 129-234, 2007.
20. Gu, L., Falge, E. M., Boden, T., Baldocchi, D. D., Black, T. A., Saleska, S. R., Suni, T., Verma, S. B., Vesala, T., Wofsy, S. C., and Xu, L.: Objective threshold determination for nighttime eddy flux filtering, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 128, 179-197, 2005. (Pubitemid 40191587)
21. Gudasz, C., Bastviken, D., Steger, K., Premke, K., Sobek, S., and Tranvik, L. J.: Temperature-controlled organic carbon mineralisation in lake sediments, Nature, 466, 478-481, doi:10.1038/nature09186, 2010.
22. Guérin, F., Abril, G., Richard, S., Burban, B., Reynouard, C., Seyler, P., and Delmas, R.: Methane and carbon dioxide emissions from tropical reservoirs: Significance of downstream rivers, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L21407, doi:10.1029/2006GL027929, 2006. (Pubitemid 46747134)
23. Hofmann, H., Federwisch, L., and Peeters, F.: Waveinduced release of methane: Littoral zones as a source of methane in lakes, Limnol. Oceanogr., 55, 1990-2000, doi:10.4319/lo.2010.55.5.1990, 2010.
24. Hütsch, B. W., Webster, C. P., and Powlson, D. S.: Methane oxidation in soil as affected by land use, soil pH and N fertilization, Soil Biol. Biochem., 26, 1613-1622, 1994.
25. 2 emissions, Science, 300, 1538-1542, 2003. (Pubitemid 36682879)
26. Joyce, J. and Jewell, P. W.: Physical controls on methane ebullition from reservoirs and lakes, Environ. Eng. Geosci., IX, 167-178, 2003. (Pubitemid 36893242)
27. Kelly, C. A. and Chynoweth, D. P.: The contributions of temperature and of the input of organic matter in controlling rates of sediment methanogenesis, Limnol. Oceanogr., 26, 891-897, 1981.
28. Kemenes, A., Forsberg, B. R., and Melack, J. M.: Methane release below a tropical hydroelectric dam, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L12809, doi:10.1029/2007GL029479, 2007. (Pubitemid 351193227)
29. Kiene, R. P.: Production and consumption of methane in aquatic systems, in: Microbial Production and Consumption of Greenhouse Gases: Methane, Nitrogen Oxides, and Halomethanes, edited by: Rogers, J. E. and Whitman, W. B., American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C., 111-145, 1991.
30. Kindler, R., Siemens, J., Kaiser, K.,Walmsley, D. C., Bernhofer, C., Buchmann, N., Cellier, P., Eugster, W., Gleixner, G., Grünwald, T., Heim, A., Ibrom, A., Jones, S. K., Jones, M., Klumpp, K., Kutsch, W., Steenberg Larsen, K., Lehuger, S., Loubet, B., McKenzie, R., Moors, E., Osborne, B., Pilegaard, K., Rebmann, C., Saunders, M., Schmidt, M. W. I., Schrumpf, M., Seyfferth, J., Skiba, U., Soussana, J.-F., Sutton, M. A., Tefs, C., Vowinckel, B., Zeeman, M. J., and Kaupenjohann, M.: Dissolved carbon leaching from soil is a crucial component of the net ecosystem carbon balance, Glob. Change Biol., 17, 1167-1185, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02282.x, 2011.
31. Kljun, N., Calanca, P., Rotach, M. W., and Schmid, H. P.: A simple parameterisation for flux footprint predictions, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 112, 503-523, 2004. (Pubitemid 38762518)
32. Mattson, M. D. and Lichens, G. E.: Air pressure and methane fluxes, Nature, 347, 718-719, 1990.
33. Mauder, M. and Foken, T.: Documentation and instruction manual of the eddy covariance software package TK2, vol. 26 of Arbeitsergebnisse Abt. Mikrometeorologie, University of Bayreuth, 44 pp., ISSN 1614-8916, 2004.
34. Mauder, M., Foken, T., Clement, R., Elbers, J. A., Eugster, W., Grünwald, T., Heusinkveld, B., and Kolle, O.: Quality control of CarboEurope flux data - Part 2: Inter-comparison of eddy-covariance software, Biogeosciences, 5, 451-462, doi:10.5194/bg-5-451-2008, 2008. (Pubitemid 351449388)
35. McDermitt, D., Burba, G., Xu, L., Anderson, T., Komissarov, A., Riensche, B., Schedlbauer, J., Starr, G., Zona, D., Oechel, W., Oberbauer, S., and Hastings, S.: A new low-power, openpath instrument for measuring methane flux by eddy covariance, Appl. Phys. B-Lasers O., 102, 391-405, doi:10.1007/s00340- 010-4307-0, 2010.
36. McGinnis, D. F., Berg, P., Brand, A., Lorrai, C., Edmonds, T. J., and Wüest, A.: Measurements of eddy correlation oxygen fluxes in shallow freshwaters: Towards routine applications and analysis, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L04403, doi:10.1029/2007GL032747, 2008. (Pubitemid 351721411)
37. Monin, A. S. and Obukhov, A. M.: Osnovnye zakonomernosti turbulentnogo peremešivaniâ v prizemnom sloe atmosfery, Trudy geofiz. inst. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 24, 163-187, 1954 (in Russian).
38. Mürle, U., Ortlepp, J., and Rey, P.: Biologische Untersuchungen an der Aare zwischen Thunersee und Bielersee, Tech. rep., Amt für Gewässerschutz und Abfallwirtschaft des Kantons Bern, Fachbericht: Makroinvertebraten Untersuchungen 2008, St. Gallen and Öschelbronn, 103 pp., 2009.
39. Naduf: Nationales Progamm für die analytische Daueruntersuchung der schweizerischen Fliessgewässer: Messresultate 1977-1998 (National long-term surveillance of Swiss rivers, measurements 1977-1998), Schriftenreihe Umwelt 319, Bundesamt für Umwelt, Wald und Landschaft (BUWAL), Bern, Switzerland, 226 pp., 2000.
40. Nozhevnikova, A. N., Holliger, C., Ammann, A., and Zehnder, A. J. B.: Methanogenesis in sediments from deep lakes at different temperatures (2-70 °C), Water Sci. Technol., 36, 57-64, 1997. (Pubitemid 27519311)
41. Ostrovsky, I., McGinnis, D. F., Lapidus, L., and Eckert, W.: Quantifying gas ebullition with echosounder: The role of methane transport by bubbles in a medium-sized lake, Limnol. Oceanogr.- Meth., 6, 105-118, 2008. (Pubitemid 351773940)
42. Panofsky, H. A. and Dutton, J. A.: Atmospheric Turbulence, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 397 pp., 1984.
43. Paulson, C. A.: The mathematical representation of wind speed and temperature profiles in the unstable atmospheric surface layers, J. Appl. Meteorol., 9, 857-861, 1970.
44. Pielke, R. A. and Avissar, R.: Influence of landscape structure on local and regional climates, Landscape Ecol., 4, 133-255, 1990.
45. R Development Core Team: R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, ISBN 3-900051-07-0, http://www.R-project. org, 2010.
46. Radl, V., Gattinger, A., Chronakova, A., Nemcova, A., Cuhel, J., Simek, M., Munch, J. C., Schloter, M., and Elhottova, D.: Effects of cattle husbandry on abundance and activity of methanogenic archaea in upland soils, ISME J., 1, 443-452, 2007. (Pubitemid 47373250)
47. Ramos, F. M., Lima, I. B. T., Rosa, R. R., Mazzi, E. A., Carvalho, J. C., Rasera, M. F. F. L., Ometto, J. P. H. B., Assireu, A. T., and Stech, J. L.: Extreme event dynamics in methane ebullition fluxes from tropical reservoirs, Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L21404, doi:10.1029/2006GL027943, 2006. (Pubitemid 46747131)
48. Schmid, H. P.: Source Areas For Scalars and Scalar Fluxes, Bound.- Lay. Meteorol., 67, 293-318, 1994. (Pubitemid 280515)
49. Schmid, H. P.: Footprint modeling for vegetation atmosphere exchange studies: A review and perspective, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 113, 159-183, 2002. (Pubitemid 35293759)
50. Schulze, E. D., Luyssaert, S., Ciais, P., Freibauer, A., Janssens, I. A., Soussana, J. F., Smith, P., Grace, J., Levin, I., Thiruchittampalam, B., Heimann, M., Dolman, A. J., Valentini, R., Bousquet, P., Peylin, P., Peters, W., Rödenbeck, C., Etiope, G., Vuichard, N., Wattenbach, M., Nabuurs, G. J., Poussi, Z., Nieschulze, J., Gash, J. H., and the CarboEurope Team: Importance of methane and nitrous oxide for Europe's terrestrial greenhouse-gas balance, Nat. Geosci., 2, 842-850 + Corrigendum, doi:10.1038/ngeo686, 2009.
51. Schulze, E. D., Ciais, P., Luyssaert, S., Schrumpf, M., Janssens, I. A., Thiruchittampalam, B., Theloke, J., Saurat, M., Bringezu, S., Lelieveld, J., Lohila, A., Rebmann, C., Jung, M., Bastviken, D., Abril, G., Grassi, G., Leip, A., Freibauer, A., Kutsch, W., Don, A., NIeschulze, J., Börner, A., Gash, J. H., and Dolman, A. J.: The European carbon balance. Part 4: Integration of carbon and other trace-gas fluxes, Glob. Change Biol., 16, 1451-1469, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2010.02215.x, 2010.
52. Siemens, J.: The European carbon budget: A gap, Science, 302, p. 1681, 2003.
53. Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Marquis, M., Averyt, K., Tignor, M. M. B., Miller Jr., H. L., and Chen, Z. (Eds.): Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, Cambridge University Press, 2007.
54. St. Louis, V. L., Kelly, C. A., Duchemin, E., Rudd, J. W. M., and Rosenberg, D. M.: Reservoir surfaces as sources of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere: A global estimate, BioScience, 50, 766-774, 2000.
55. Takita, M. and Sakamoto, M.: Methane flux in a shallow eutrophic lake, Proc. Int. Assoc. Theor., 25, 822-826, 1993.
56. Taylor, G. I.: The Spectrum of Turbulence, Proc. R. Soc. Lon. Ser. A, 164, 476-490, 1938.
57. Tranvik, L. J., Downing, J. A., Cotner, J. B., Loiselle, S. A., Striegl, R. G., Ballatore, T. J., Dillon, P., Finlay, K., Fortino, K., Knoll, L. B., Kortelainen, P. L., Kuster, T., Larsen, S., Laurion, I., Leech, D. M., McCallister, S. L., McKnight, D. M., Melack, J. M., Overholt, E., Porter, J. A., Prairie, Y., Renwick, W. H., Roland, F., Sherman, B. S., Schindler, D. W., Sobek, S., Tremblay, A., Vanni, M. J., Verschoor, A. M., van Wachenfeldt, E., and Weyhenmeyer, G. A.: Lakes and reservoirs as regulators of carbon cycling and climate, Limnol. Oceanogr., 54, 2298-2314, 2009.
58. 4 eddy covariance flux measurements, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 3, 1519-1531, doi:10.5194/amt-3-1519- 2010, 2010.
59. Vesala, T., Kljun, N., Rannik, Ü., Rinne, J., Sogachev, A., Markkanen, T., Sabelfeld, K., Foken, T., and Leclerc, M. Y.: Flux and concentration footprint modelling: State of the art, Environ. Pollut., 152, 653-666, 2008. (Pubitemid 351442820)
60. von Känel, A.: Beitrag zur Algenflora der Aare zwischen Thunerund Bielersee, Tech. rep., Gewässer- und Bodenschutzlabor des Kantons Bern, 2008.
61. Whiteman, C. D.: Mountain Meteorology: Fundamentals and Applications, Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford, 355 pp., 2000.
62. Wyngaard, J. C.: Scalar fluxes in the planetary boundary layer - Theory, modeling, and measurement, Bound.-Lay. Meteorol., 50, 49-75, 1990.