The functional role of the alpha-1 adrenergic receptors in cerebral blood flow regulation

Indian Journal of Pharmacology

Volumn 43, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 502-506

  Purkayastha, Sushmita ^a   Raven, Peter B ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS HEALTH SCIENCE CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Alpha 1 adrenergic receptors; cerebral autoregulation; cerebral blood flow

Indexed keywords

ALPHA 1 ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR; ALPHA 1D ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR; NORADRENALIN;

ADRENERGIC SYSTEM; ARTERIAL PRESSURE; BINDING AFFINITY; BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER; BRAIN BLOOD FLOW; BRAIN BLOOD VESSEL; BRAIN CIRCULATION; CALCIUM CELL LEVEL; CALCIUM MOBILIZATION; CALCIUM TRANSPORT; CELL PROLIFERATION; CEREBRAL METABOLIC RATE OF OXYGEN; DOPPLER ECHOGRAPHY; HEART OUTPUT; HUMAN; NONHUMAN; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; REVIEW; SMOOTH MUSCLE CONTRACTION; STEADY STATE; VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE;

EID: 80053344018     PISSN: 02537613     EISSN: 19983751     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.84950     Document Type: Review

References (68)

1. Aronson H. Uber nerven und nervendigungen in der Pia Mater. Zeitschrift fur Medizinisce Wissenschaft 1890;28:594-5.
2. Benedikt M. Uber die innervation des plexus choriodeus inferioir. Virchows Archives fur Pathologie, Anatomie und Phyisiologie 1874;59:395-400.
3. Willis T. Cerebri anatone, cui accesit nervorum, descriptio etusus. Flesher J, London, 1664.
4. Rosenblum W, Chen M. Density of perivascular nerves on some cerebral and extracerebral blood vessels. Blood Vessels 1976;13:374-8.
5. Rosenblum WI. The "richness" of sympathetic innervation. A comparison of cerebral and extracerebral blood vessels. Stroke 1976;7:270-1.
6. Iadecola C. Neurovascular regulation in the normal brain and in Alzheimer's disease. Nat Rev Neurosci 2004;5:347-60.
7. Edvinsson L. Neurogenic mechanisms in the cerebrovascular bed. Autonomic nerves, amine receptors and their effects on cerebral blood flow. Acta Physiol Scand Suppl 1975;427:1-35.
8. Nelson E, Rennels M. Innervation of intracranial arteries. Brain 1970;93:475-90.
9. Nielsen KC, Owman C. Adrenergic innervation of pial arteries related to the circle of Willis in the cat. Brain Res 1967;6:773-6.
10. Hamner JW, Tan CO, Lee K, Cohen MA, Taylor JA. Sympathetic control of the cerebral vasculature in humans. Stroke 2010;41:102-9.
11. Ogoh S, Brothers RM, Eubank WL, Raven PB. Autonomic neural control of the cerebral vasculature: Acute hypotension. Stroke 2008;39:1979-87.
12. Zhang R, Behbehani K, Levine BD. Dynamic pressure-flow relationship of the cerebral circulation during acute increase in arterial pressure. J Physiol 2009;587:2567-77.
13. Lassen NA. Autoregulation of Cerebral Blood Flow. Circ Res 1964;15:SUPPL:201-4.
14. Fitch W, MacKenzie ET, Harper AM. Effects of decreasing arterial blood pressure on cerebral blood flow in the baboon. Influence of the sympathetic nervous system. Circ Res 1975;37:550-7.
15. Heistad DD, Marcus ML, Gross PM. Effects of sympathetic nerves on cerebral vessels in dog, cat, and monkey. Am J Physiol 1978;235:H544-52.
16. Strandgaard S, MacKenzie ET, Sengupta D, Rowan JO, Lassen NA, Harper AM. Upper limit of autoregulation of cerebral blood flow in the baboon. Circ Res 1974;34:435-40.
17. Eklof B, Ingvar DH, Kagstrom E, Olin T. Persistence of cerebral blood flow autoregulation following chronic bilateral cervical sympathectomy in the monkey. Acta Physiol Scand 1971;82:172-6.
18. Busija DW, Heistad DD. Factors involved in the physiological regulation of the cerebral circulation. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 1984;101:161-211.
19. Jordan J, Shannon JR, Black BK, Paranjape SY, Barwise J, Robertson D. Raised cerebrovascular resistance in idiopathic orthostatic intolerance: Evidence for sympathetic vasoconstriction. Hypertension 1998;32:699-704.
20. Pearce WJ, D'Alecy LG. Hemorrhage-induced cerebral vasoconstriction in dogs. Stroke 1980;11:190-7.
21. Meyer JS, Yoshida K, Sakamoto K. Autonomic control of cerebral blood flow measured by electromagnetic flowmeters. Neurology 1967;17:638-48.
22. Visocchi M, Cioni B, Pentimalli L, Meglio M. Increase of cerebral blood flow and improvement of brain motor control following spinal cord stimulation in ischemic spastic hemiparesis. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 1994;62:103-7.
23. Bill A, Linder J. Sympathetic control of cerebral blood flow in acute arterial hypertension. Acta Physiol Scand 1976;96:114-21.
24. Ogoh S, Fadel PJ, Zhang R, Selmer C, Jans O, Secher NH, et al. Middle cerebral artery flow velocity and pulse pressure during dynamic exercise in humans. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2005;288:H1526-31.
25. Ogoh S, Ainslie PN. Regulatory mechanisms of cerebral blood flow during exercise: New concepts. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2009;37:123-9.
26. Piascik MT, Perez DM. Alpha1-adrenergic receptors: New insights and directions. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2001;298:403-10.
27. Olesen J. The effect of intracarotid epinephrine, norepinephrine, and angiotensin on the regional cerebral blood flow in man. Neurology 1972;22:978-87.
28. Guimaraes S, Moura D. Vascular adrenoceptors: An update. Pharmacol Rev 2001;53:319-56.
29. Weiland NG, Wise PM. Estrogen alters the diurnal rhythm of alpha 1-adrenergic receptor densities in selected brain regions. Endocrinology 1987;121:1751-8.
30. Omar NM, Marshall JM. Age-related changes in the sympathetic innervation of cerebral vessels and in carotid vascular responses to norepinephrine in the rat: In vitro and in vivo studies. J Appl Physiol 2010;109:314-22.
31. Minneman KP. Alpha 1-adrenergic receptor subtypes, inositol phosphates, and sources of cell Ca2+. Pharmacol Rev 1988;40:87-119.
32. Hu ZW, Shi XY, Lin RZ, Chen J, Hoffman BB. alpha1-Adrenergic receptor stimulation of mitogenesis in human vascular smooth muscle cells: Role of tyrosine protein kinases and calcium in activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1999;290:28-37.
33. Kulik A, Haentzsch A, Luckermann M, Reichelt W, Ballanyi K. Neuron-glia signaling via alpha(1) adrenoceptor-mediated Ca(2+) release in Bergmann glial cells in situ. J Neurosci 1999;19:8401-8.
34. Strandgaard S, Sigurdsson ST. Point:Counterpoint: Sympathetic activity does/ does not influence cerebral blood flow. Counterpoint: Sympathetic nerve activity does not influence cerebral blood flow. J Appl Physiol 2008;105:1366-7; discussion 1367-8.
35. Sandor P. Nervous control of the cerebrovascular system: Doubts and facts. Neurochem Int 1999;35:237-59.
36. Abbott NJ, Ronnback L, Hansson E. Astrocyte-endothelial interactions at the blood-brain barrier. Nat Rev Neurosci 2006;7:41-53.
37. Abbott NJ. Dynamics of CNS barriers: Evolution, differentiation, and modulation. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2005;25:5-23.
38. Pedersen BK, Febbraio MA. Muscle as an endocrine organ: Focus on musclederived interleukin-6. Physiol Rev 2008;88:1379-406.
39. von Patay B, Kurz B, Mentlein R. Effect of transmitters and co-transmitters of the sympathetic nervous system on interleukin-6 synthesis in thymic epithelial cells. Neuroimmunomodulation 1999;6:45-50.
40. Mayhan WG. Regulation of blood-brain barrier permeability. Microcirculation 2001;8:89-104.
41. Mitchell DA, Lambert G, Secher NH, Raven PB, van Lieshout J, Esler MD. Jugular venous overflow of noradrenaline from the brain: A neurochemical indicator of cerebrovascular sympathetic nerve activity in humans. J Physiol 2009;587:2589-97.
42. Patel S, Huang DL, Sagher O. Sympathetic mechanisms in cerebral blood flow alterations induced by spinal cord stimulation. J Neurosurg 2003;99:754-61.
43. Brassard P, Seifert T, Secher NH. Is cerebral oxygenation negatively affected by infusion of norepinephrine in healthy subjects? Br J Anaesth 2009;102:800-5.
44. Brassard P, Seifert T, Wissenberg M, Jensen PM, Hansen CK, Secher NH. Phenylephrine decreases frontal lobe oxygenation at rest but not during moderately intense exercise. J Appl Physiol 2010;108:1472-8.
45. Remensnyder JP, Mitchell JH, Sarnoff SJ. Functional sympatholysis during muscular activity. Observations on influence of carotid sinus on oxygen uptake. Circ Res 1962;11:370-80.
46. Keller DM, Fadel PJ, Ogoh S, Brothers RM, Hawkins M, Olivencia-Yurvati A, et al. Carotid baroreflex control of leg vasculature in exercising and non-exercising skeletal muscle in humans. J Physiol 2004;561:283-93.
47. Ogoh S, Brothers RM, Jeschke M, Secher NH, Raven PB. Estimation of cerebral vascular tone during exercise; Evaluation by critical closing pressure in humans. Exp Physiol 2010;95:678-85.
48. Heisted D, Kontos H. Handbook of Physiology. Peripheral Circulation and Organ Blood Flow, Part I. Washington, DC: American Physiological Society; 1983.
49. Lucas SJ, Tzeng YC, Galvin SD, Thomas KN, Ogoh S, Ainslie PN. Influence of changes in blood pressure on cerebral perfusion and oxygenation. Hypertension 2010;55:698-705.
50. Panerai RB. Cerebral autoregulation: From models to clinical applications. Cardiovasc Eng 2008;8:42-59.
51. Tiecks FP, Lam AM, Aaslid R, Newell DW. Comparison of static and dynamic cerebral autoregulation measurements. Stroke 1995;26:1014-9.
52. Madsen PL, Sperling BK, Warming T, Schmidt JF, Secher NH, Wildschiodtz G, et al. Middle cerebral artery blood velocity and cerebral blood flow and O2 uptake during dynamic exercise. J Appl Physiol 1993;74:245-50.
53. Dawson EA, Secher NH, Dalsgaard MK, Ogoh S, Yoshiga CC, Gonzalez-Alonso J, et al. Standing up to the challenge of standing: A siphon does not support cerebral blood flow in humans. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2004;287:R911-4.
54. Gisolf J, van Lieshout JJ, van Heusden K, Pott F, Stok WJ, Karemaker JM. Human cerebral venous outflow pathway depends on posture and central venous pressure. J Physiol 2004;560:317-27.
55. Alperin N, Lee SH, Sivaramakrishnan A, Hushek SG. Quantifying the effect of posture on intracranial physiology in humans by MRI flow studies. J Magn Reson Imaging 2005;22:591-6.
56. Cirovic S, Walsh C, Fraser WD, Gulino A. The effect of posture and positive pressure breathing on the hemodynamics of the internal jugular vein. Aviat Space Environ Med 2003;74:125-31.
57. Valdueza JM, von Munster T, Hoffman O, Schreiber S, Einhaupl KM. Postural dependency of the cerebral venous outflow. Lancet 2000;355:200-1.
58. Secher NH, Seifert T, Van Lieshout JJ. Cerebral blood flow and metabolism during exercise: Implications for fatigue. J Appl Physiol 2008;104:306-14.
59. Hellstrom G, Fischer-Colbrie W, Wahlgren NG, Jogestrand T. Carotid artery blood flow and middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity during physical exercise. J Appl Physiol 1996;81:413-8.
60. Huang SY, Sun S, Droma T, Zhuang J, Tao JX, McCullough RG, et al. Internal carotid arterial flow velocity during exercise in Tibetan and Han residents of Lhasa (3,658 m). J Appl Physiol 1992;73:2638-42.
61. Heistad DD, Marcus ML, Said SI, Gross PM. Effect of acetylcholine and vasoactive intestinal peptide on cerebral blood flow. Am J Physiol 1980;239:H73-80.
62. Rapela CE, Green HD, Denison AB Jr. Baroreceptor reflexes and autorregulation of cerebral blood flow in the dog. Circ Res 1967;21:559-68.
63. Edvinsson L. Sympathetic control of cerebral circulation. Trends Neurosci 1982;5:425-9.
64. Ponte J, Purves MJ. The role of the carotid body chemoreceptors and carotid sinus baroreceptors in the control of cerebral blood vessels. J Physiol 1974;237:315-40.
65. Zhang R, Zuckerman JH, Iwasaki K, Wilson TE, Crandall CG, Levine BD. Autonomic neural control of dynamic cerebral autoregulation in humans. Circulation 2002;106:1814-20.
66. Ide K, Boushel R, Sorensen HM, Fernandes A, Cai Y, Pott F, et al. Middle cerebral artery blood velocity during exercise with beta-1 adrenergic and unilateral stellate ganglion blockade in humans. Acta Physiol Scand 2000;170:33-8.
67. Ide K, Secher NH. Cerebral blood flow and metabolism during exercise. Prog Neurobiol 2000;61:397-414.
68. Aaslid R, Lindegaard KF, Sorteberg W, Nornes H. Cerebral autoregulation dynamics in humans. Stroke 1989;20:45-52.