Coupled atmospheric and land surface dynamics over southeast Australia: A review, analysis and identification of future research priorities

International Journal of Climatology

Volumn 31, Issue 12, 2011, Pages 1758-1772

  Evans, Jason P ^a   Pitman, Andy J ^a   Cruz, Faye T ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES   (Australia)

Author keywords

Fire; Irrigation; Land atmosphere coupling; Regional climate; Snow; Soil moisture; Southeast Australia; Vegetation

Indexed keywords

AUSTRALIA; CLIMATE DYNAMICS; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; DYNAMIC PROCESS; LAND SURFACE; LARGE-SCALE DYNAMICS; LOCAL EFFECTS; NATURAL VARIABILITY; NORTHERN HEMISPHERES; REGIONAL CLIMATE; RESEARCH PRIORITIES; SOUTHEAST AUSTRALIA;

CLIMATOLOGY; FIRES; GLOBAL WARMING; IRRIGATION; RESEARCH; SNOW; SOIL MOISTURE; VEGETATION;

DYNAMICS;

CLIMATE VARIATION; COUPLING; FUTURE PROSPECT; NORTHERN HEMISPHERE; OROGRAPHIC EFFECT; REGIONAL CLIMATE; RESEARCH WORK; SOIL MOISTURE; VEGETATION COVER;

AUSTRALIA;

EID: 80053326432     PISSN: 08998418     EISSN: 10970088     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/joc.2206     Document Type: Review

References (128)

1. ABS. 2009. Water Use on Australian Farms. Australian Bureau of Statistics: Canberra, Australia, URL [accessed June 9 2009].
2. Adams PD, Horridge M, Madden JR, Wittwer G. 2002. Drought, regions and the Australian economy between 2001-02 and 2004-05. Australian Bulletin of Labour 28: 231-246.
3. Ainsworth EA, Long SP. 2005. What have we learned from 15 years of free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE)? A meta-analytic review of the responses of photosynthesis, canopy properties and plant production to rising CO2. New Phytologist 165(2): 351-372.
4. 2: mechanisms and environmental interactions. Plant, Cell and Environment 30(3): 258-270.
5. Anderson BT, Salvucci G, Ruane AC, Roads JO, Kanamitsu M. 2008. A new metric for estimating the influence of evaporation on seasonal precipitation rates. Journal of Hydrometeorology 9(3): 576-588.
6. Ashok K, Guan Z, Yamagata T. 2003. Influence of the Indian Ocean dipole on the Australian winter rainfall. Geophysical Research Letters 30: 1821, DOI:10.1029/2003GL017926.
7. Atkinson R, Arey J. 2003. Gas-phase tropospheric chemistry of biogenic volatile organic compounds: a review. Atmospheric Environment 37: S197-S219.
8. AUSLIG. 1990. Atlas of Australian Resources: Vegetation. Australian Government Publishing Service: Canberra, Australia.
9. Beljaars ACM, Viterbo P, Miller MJ, Betts AK. 1996. The anomalous rainfall over the United States during July 1993: sensitivity to land surface parameterization and soil moisture anomalies. Monthly Weather Review 124(3): 362-383.
10. Betts A. 2004. Understanding hydrometeorology using global models. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 85(11): 1673-1688.
11. Betts AK, Ball JH, Beljaars ACM, Miller MJ, Viterbo PA. 1996. The land surface-atmosphere interaction: a review based on observational and global modeling perspectives. Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres 101(D3): 7209-7225.
12. Boer MM, Sadler RJ, Bradstock RA, Gill AM, Griersin PF. 2008. Spatial scale invariance of southern Australian forest fires mirrors the scaling behaviour of fire-driving weather events. Landscape Ecology 23(8): 899-913.
13. Bosilovich MG, Schubert SD. 2002. Water vapor tracers as diagnostics of the regional hydrologic cycle. Journal of Hydrometeorology 3(2): 149-165.
14. Bosilovich MG, Sun W-Y. 1999. Numerical simulation of the 1993 midwestern flood: land-atmosphere interactions. Journal of Climate 12: 1490-1505.
15. Boucher O, Myhre G, Myhre A. 2004. Direct human influence of irrigation on atmospheric water vapour and climate. Climate Dynamics 22: 597-603, DOI:10.1007/s00382-004-0402-4.
16. Boucher O, Jones A, Betts RA. 2009. Climate response to the physiological impact of carbon dioxide on plants in the Met Office Unified Model HadCM3. Climate Dynamics 32(2-3): 237-249.
17. Brown RD. 2000. Northern Hemisphere snow cover variability and change, 1915-97. Journal of Climate 13(13): 2339-2355.
18. Brubaker KL, Entekhabi D, Eagleson PS. 1993. Estimation of continental precipitation recycling. Journal of Climate 6(6): 1077-1089.
19. Brubaker KL, Dirmeyer PA, Sudradjat A, Levy BS, Bernal F. 2001. A 36-yr climatological description of the evaporative sources of warm-season precipitation in the Mississippi River basin. Journal of Hydrometeorology 2(6): 537-557.
20. Burde GI, Zangvil A. 2001a. The estimation of regional precipitation recycling. Part I: review of recycling models. Journal of Climate 14(12): 2497-2508.
21. Burde GI, Zangvil A. 2001b. The estimation of regional precipitation recycling. Part II: a new recycling model. Journal of Climate 14(12): 2509-2527.
22. Calvet J-C, Gibelin A-L, Roujean J-L, Martin E, Le Moigne P, Douville H, Noilhan J. 2008. Past and future scenarios of the effect of carbon dioxide on plant growth and transpiration for three vegetation types of southwestern France. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 8(2): 397-405.
23. Cao L, Bala G, Caldeira K, Nemani R, Ban-Weiss G. 2009. Climate response to physiological forcing of carbon dioxide simulated by the coupled Community Atmosphere Model (CAM3.1) and Community Land Model (CLM3.0). Geophysical Research Letters 36: L10402, DOI:10.1029/2009GL037724.
24. th 2009, DOI:10.1007/s00382-008-0497-0.
25. Cruz FT, Pitman AJ, McGregor JL, Evans JP. 2010. Contrasting regional responses to increasing leaf-level atmospheric carbon dioxide over Australia. Journal of Hydrometeorology 11(2): 296-314.
26. CSIRO. 2007. Climate Change in Australia. CSIRO: Australia.
27. CSIRO. 2008. Water Availability in the Murray-Darling Basin. A Report to the Australian Government from the CSIRO Murray-Darling Basin Sustainable Yields Project. CSIRO: Australia.
28. 2 effects on woody plant mass, form, and physiology. Oecologia 113(3): 299-313.
29. Delire C, Foley J, Thompson S. 2004. Long-tern variability in a coupled atmosphere-biosphere model. Journal of Climate 17(20): 3947-3959.
30. Deo RC, Syktus JI, McAlpine CA, Lawrence PJ, McGowan HA, Phinn SR. 2009. Impact of historical land cover change on daily indices of climate extremes including droughts in eastern Australia. Geophysical Research Letters 36: L08705, DOI:10.1029/2009GL037666.
31. van Dijk AIJM, Keenan RJ. 2007. Planted forests and water in perspective. Forest Ecology and Management 251: 1-9.
32. van Dijk AIJM, Hairsine PB, Arancibia JP, Dowling TI. 2007. Reforestation, water availability and stream salinity: a multi-scale analysis in the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia. Forest Ecology and Management 251: 94-109.
33. Dirmeyer PA, Brubaker KL. 2007. Characterization of the global hydrologic cycle from a back-trajectory analysis of atmospheric water vapor. Journal of Hydrometeorology 8: 20-37.
34. Donald A, Meinke H, Power B, De A, Maia HN, Wheeler MC, White N, Stone RC, Ribbe J. 2006. Near-global impact of the Madden-Julian Oscillation on rainfall. Geophysical Research Letters 33: L09704, DOI:10.1029/2005GL025155.
35. Donohue RJ, Roderick ML, McVicar TR. 2008. Deriving consistent long-term vegetation information from AVHRR reflectance data using a cover-triangle-based framework. Remote Sensing of Environment 112(6): 2938-2949.
36. Donohue RJ, McVicar TR, Roderick ML. 2009. Climate-related trends in Australian vegetation cover as inferred from satellite observations, 1981-2006. Global Change Biology 15(4): 1025-1039.
37. 2?. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 48: 609-639, DOI:10.1146/annurev.arplant.48.609.
38. Drosdowsky W. 2005. The latitude of the subtropical ridge over eastern Australia: the L index revisited. International. Journal of Climatology 25(10): 1291-1299, DOI:10.1002/joc.1196.
39. Drosdowsky W, Chambers LE. 2001. Near-global sea surface temperature anomalies as predictors of Australian seasonal rainfall. Journal of Climate 14(7): 1677-1687.
40. Druyan LM, Koster RD. 1989. Source of Sahel precipitation for simulated drought and rainy seasons. Journal of Climate 2(12): 1438-1446.
41. Eamus D, Froend R. 2006. Groundwater-dependent ecosystems: the where, what and why of GDEs. Australian. Journal of Botany 54: 91-96.
42. Ekström M, Mctainsh GH, Chappell A. 2004. Australian dust storms: temporal trends and relationships with synoptic pressure distributions (1960-99). International Journal of Climatology 24(12): 1581-1599.
43. Entin JK, Robock A, Vinnikov KY, Hollinger SE, Liu S, Namkhai A. 2000. Temporal and spatial scales of observed soil moisture variations in the extratropics. Journal of Geophysical Research 105: 11865-11877.
44. Feddes RA, Hoff H, Bruen M, Dawson T, De Rosnay P, Dirmeyer P, Jackson RB, Kabat P, Kleidon A, Lilly A, Pitman AJ. 2001. Modeling root water uptake in hydrological and climate models. Bulletin of the American Meterological Society 82(12): 2797-2809.
45. 2: implications from the plant to the global scale. Plant, Cell and Environment 18: 1214-1225.
46. Findell K, Pitman A, England M, Pegion P. 2009. Regional and global impacts of land cover change and sea surface temperature anomalies. Journal of Climate 22(12): 3248-3269.
47. Fischer EM, Seneviratne SI, Luthi D, Schar C. 2007. Contribution of land-atmosphere coupling to recent European summer heat waves. Geophysical Research Letters 34(6): L06707, DOI:10.1029/2006GL029068.
48. Forster P, Ramaswamy V, Artaxo P, Berntsen T, Betts R, Fahey D, Haywood J, Lean J, Lowe D, Myhre G, Nganga J, Prinn R, Raga G, Schulz M, Van Dorland R. 2007. Changes in atmospheric constituents and in radiative forcing. In Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis., Solomon S, Qin D, Manning M, Chen Z, Marquis M, Averyt KV, Tignor M, Miller HL (eds). Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, UK; 129-234.
49. Fromm M, Tupper A, Rosenfeld D, Servranckx R, McRae R. 2006. Violent pyro-convective storm devastates Australia's capital and pollutes the stratosphere. Geophysical Research Letters 33(5): L05815, DOI:10.1029/2005GL025161.
50. Geerts B. 2002. On the effects of irrigation and urbanisation on the annual range of monthly-mean temperatures. Theoretical and Applied Climatology 72(3-4): 157-163, DOI:10.1007/s00704-002-0683-7.
51. Groisman PY, Karl TR, Knight RW. 1994. Observed impact of snow cover on the heat balance and the rise of continental spring temperatures. Science 263(5144): 198-200.
52. Guenther A, Hewitt CN, Erickson D, Fall R, Geron C, Gradel T, Harley P, Klinger L, Lerdau M, McKay WA, Pierce T, Scholes B, Steinbrecher R, Tallamraju R, Taylor J, Zimmerman P. 1995. A global model of natural volatile organic compound emissions. Journal of Geophysical Research 100(D5): 8873-8892.
53. Hasson AEA, Mills GA, Timbal B, Walsh K. 2009. Assessing the impact of climate change on extreme fire weather events over southeastern Australia. Climate Research 39: 159-172.
54. Hennessy KJ, Lucas C, Nicholls N, Bathols J, Suppiah R, Ricketts J. 2005. Climate Change Impacts on Fire-Weather in Southeast Australia. CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research: Aspendale, Australia.
55. Hennessy KJ, Whetton PH, Walsh K, Smith IN, Bathols JM, Hutchinson M, Sharples J. 2008. Climate change effects on snow conditions in mainland Australia and adaptation at ski resorts through snowmaking. Climate Research 35(3): 255-270.
56. Hill PI, Mordue A, Nathan RJ, Daamen CC, Williams K, Murphy RE. 2008. Spatially explicit modelling of the hydrologic response of bushfires at the catchment scale. Australian Journal of Water Resources 12(3): 281-290.
57. Jones DA, Trewin BC. 2000. On the relationships between the El Niño-Southern Oscillation and Australian land surface temperature. International Journal of Climatology 20: 697-719.
58. Karoly DJ, Vincent DG (eds). 1998. Meteorology of the Southern Hemisphere. American Meteorological Society: Boston, MA.
59. Kesselmeier J, Staudt M. 1999. Biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOC): an overview on emission, physiology and ecology. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 33: 23-88.
60. Koster RD, Dirmeyer PA, Guo ZC, Bonan G, Chan E, Cox P, Gordon CT, Kanae S, Kowalczyk E, Lawrence D, Liu P, Lu CH, Malyshev S, McAvaney B, Mitchell K, Mocko D, Oki T, Oleson K, Pitman A, Sud YC, Taylor CM, Verseghy D, Vasic R, Xue YK, Yamada T. 2004. Regions of strong coupling between soil moisture and precipitation. Science 305(5687): 1138-1140.
61. Lathière J, Hauglustaine DA, Friend AD, De Noblet-Ducoudre N, Viovy N, Folberth GA. 2006. Impact of climate variability and land use changes on global biogenic volatile organic compound emissions. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 6: 2129-2146.
62. Leblanc MJ, Tregoning P, Ramillien G, Tweed SO, Fakes A. 2009. Basin-scale, integrated observations of the early 21st century multiyear drought in southeast Australia. Water Resources Research 45:DOI:10.1029/2008WR007333.
63. Lee E, Chase T, Rajagopalan B, Barry R, Biggs T, Lawrence P. 2009. Effects of irrigation and vegetation activity on early Indian summer monsoon variability. International Journal of Climatology 29(4): 573-581.
64. Leslie LM, Speer MS. 2006. Modelling dust transport over central eastern Australia. Meteorological Applications 13(2): 141-167.
65. Liu Z, Notaro M, Kutzbach J, Liu N. 2006. Assessing global vegetation-climate feedbacks from observations. Journal of Climate 19(5): 787-814.
66. Liu YY, McCabe MF, Evans JP, Van Dijk AIJM, De Jeu RAM, Su H. 2009. Comparison of soil moisture in GLDAS model simulations and satellite observations over the Murray Darling Basin. In Proceedings of the International Congress on Modelling and Simulation, Cairns, Australia, 13-17 July.
67. Lobell D, Bala G, Mirin A, Phillips T, Maxwell R, Rotman D. 2009. Regional differences in the influence of irrigation on climate. Journal of Climate 22: 2248-2255, DOI:10.1175/2008JCLI2703.1.
68. Lynch AH, Abramson D, Gorgen K, Beringer J, Uotila P. 2007. Influence of savanna fire on Australian monsoon season precipitation and circulation as simulated using a distributed computing environment. Geophysical Research Letters 34: L20801, DOI:10.1029/2007GL030879.
69. Lyons TJ. 2002. Clouds prefer native vegetation. Meteorological Atmospheric Physics 80: 131-140.
70. Lyons TJ, Schwerdtfeger P, Hacker JM, Foster IJ, Smith RCG, Xinmei H. 1993. Land-atmosphere interaction in a semiarid region: the bunny fence experiment. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 74: 1327-1334.
71. Martin M, Dickinson RE, Yang Z-L. 1999. Use of a coupled land surface general circulation model to examine the impacts of doubled stomatal resistance on the water resources of the American Southwest. Journal of Climate 12(12): 3359-3375.
72. McAlpine CA, Syktus J, Deo RC, Lawrence PJ, McGowan HA, Watterson IG, Phinn SR. 2007. Modeling the impact of historical land cover change on Australia's regional climate. Geophysical Research Letters 34: L22711, DOI:10.1029/2007GL031524.
73. McAlpine C, Syktus J, Ryan J, Deo R, McKeon G, McGowan H, Phinn S. 2009. A continent under stress: Interactions, feedbacks and risks associated with impact of modified land cover on Australia's climate. Global Change Biology 15(9): 2206-2223.
74. McBride JL, Nicholls N. 1983. Seasonal relationships between Australian rainfall and the Southern Oscillation. Monthly Weather Review 111(10): 1998-2004.
75. McMahon TA, Finlayson BL, Haines AT, Srikanthan R. 1992. Global Runoff: Continental Comparisons of Annual Flows and Peak Discharges. Catena-Verlag: Cremlingen-Destedt, Germany.
76. 2 concentration. Global Change Biology 2(1): 49-57.
77. Merlin O, Walker JP, Kalma JD, Kim EJ, Hacker J, Panciera R, Young R, Summerell G, Hornbuckle J, Hafeez M, Jackson T. 2008. The NAFE'06 data set: towards soil moisture retrieval at intermediate resolution. Advances in Water Resources 31(11): 1444-1455, DOI:10.1016/j.advwatres.2008.01.018.
78. Meyer WS. 2005. The Irrigation Industry in the Murray and Murrumbidgee Basins. CRC for Irrigation Futures. Technical Report No: 03/05.
79. Mills GA. 2005. On the subsynoptic-scale meteorology of two extreme fire weather days during the Eastern Australian fires of January 2003. Australian Meteorological Magazine 54: 265-290.
80. Mitchell RM, O'Brien DM, Campbell SK. 2006. Characteristics and radiative impact of the aerosol generated by the Canberra firestorm of January 2003. Journal of Geophysical Research 111: D02204.
81. Murphy BF, Timbal B. 2008. A review of recent climate variability and climate change in southeastern Australia. International Journal of Climatology 28: 859-879, DOI:10.1002/joc.1627.
82. Nair US, Ray DK, Wang J, Christopher SA, Lyons TJ, Welch RM, Pielke RA. 2007. Observational estimates of radiative forcing due to land use change in southwest Australia. Journal of Geophysical Research 112: D09117, DOI:10.1029/2006JD007505.
83. Narisma GT, Pitman AJ. 2003. The impact of 200 years of land cover change on the Australian near-surface climate. Journal of Hydrometeorology 4(2): 424-436.
84. Nicholls N. 1989. Sea surface temperatures and Australian winter rainfall. Journal of Climate 2: 965-973.
85. Nicholls N. 2005. Climate variability, climate change and the Australian snow season. Australian Meteorological Magazine 54(3): 177-185.
86. Norby RJ, Jackson RB. 2000. Root dynamics and global change: seeking an ecosystem perspective. New Phytologist 147(1): 3-12.
87. Notaro M. 2008. Statistical identification of global hot spots in soil moisture feedbacks among IPCC AR4 models. Journal of Geophysical Research 113: D09101, DOI:10.1029/2007JD009199.
88. Notaro M, Liu Z, Gallimore R, Vavrus S, Kutzbach J, Prentice I, Jacob R. 2005. Simulated and observed preindustrial to modern vegetation and climate changes. Journal of Climate 18(17): 3650-3671.
89. Notaro M, Vavrus S, Liu Z. 2007. Global vegetation and climate change due to future increases in CO2 as projected by a fully coupled model with dynamic vegetation. Journal of Climate 20(1): 70-90.
90. Notaro M, Wang Y, Liu Z, Gallimore R, Levis S. 2008. Combined statistical and dynamical assessment of simulated vegetation-rainfall interactions in North Africa during the mid-Holocene. Global Change Biology 14(2): 347-368.
91. th 2009.
92. Oglesby RJ, Erickson DJ. 1989. Soil moisture and the persistence of north American drought. Journal of Climate 2: 1362-1380.
93. Ozdogan M, Salvucci G. 2004. Irrigation-induced changes in potential evapotranspiration in southeastern Turkey: test and application of Bouchet's complementary hypothesis. Water Resources Research 40(4): W04301, DOI:10.1029/2003WR002822.
94. Panciera R, Walker JP, Kalma JD, Kim EJ, Hacker JM, Merlin O, Berger M, Skou N. The NAFE'05/CoSMOS data set: toward SMOS soil moisture retrieval, downscaling, and assimilation. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 46(3): 736-745, DOI:10.1109/TGRS.2007.915403.
95. Peel D, Pitman AJ, Hughes L, Narisma G. 2005. The impact of an explicit representation of Eucalyptus on the simulation of the January climate of Australia. Environmental Modelling and Software 20: 595-612.
96. Perkins SE, Pitman AJ. 2009. Do weak AR4 models bias projections of future climate changes over Australia?. Climatic Change 93(3-4): 527-558.
97. Perlin N, Alpert P. 2001. Effects of land-use modification on potential increase of convection: a numerical mesoscale study over south Israel. Journal of Geophysical Research 106: 22621-22634.
98. Pielke RA Sr, Adegoke J, Beltran-Przekurat A, Hiemstra CA, Lin J, Nair US, Niyogi D, Nobis TE. 2007. An overview of regional land-use and land-cover impacts on rainfall. Tellus, Series B 59(3): 587-601.
99. Pitman AJ. 2003. The evolution of, and revolution in, land surface schemes designed for climate models. International Journal of Climatology 23(5): 479-510.
100. Pitman AJ, Zhao M. 2000. The relative impact of observed change in land cover and carbon dioxide as simulated by a climate model. Geophysical Research Letters 27: 1267-1270.
101. Pitman AJ, Narisma GT, McAneney J. 2007. The impact of climate change on the risk of forest and grassland fires in Australia. Climatic Change 84(3-4): 383-401.
102. Pitman AJ, de Noblet-Ducoudre N, Cruz FT, Davin EL, Bonan GB, Brovkin V, Claussen M, Delire C, Ganzeveld L, Gayler V, van den Hurk BJJM, Lawrence PJ, van der Molen MK, Müller C, Reick CH, Seneviratne SI, Strengers BJ, Voldoire A. 2009. Uncertainties in climate responses to past land cover change: First results from the LUCID intercomparison study. Geophysical Research Letters 36(14): L14814, DOI:10.1029/2009GL039076.
103. 2 and plant structure: a review. Global Change Biology 5(7): 807-837.
104. Ray DK, Nair US, Welch RM, Han Q, Zeng J, Su W, Kikuchi T, Lyons TJ. 2003. Effects of land use in Southwest Australia: 1. Observations of cumulus cloudiness and energy fluxes. Journal of Geophysical Research 108: 4414, DOI:10.1029/2002JD002654.
105. Robock A, Schlosser C, Vinnikov K, Speranskaya N, Entin J, Qiu S. 1998. Evaluation of the AMIP soil moisture simulations. Global and Planetary Change 19: 181-208.
106. Robock A, Vinnikov KY, Srinivasan G, Entin JK, Hollinger SE, Speranskaya NA, Liu S, Namkhai A. 2000. The global soil moisture data bank. Bulletin of the. American Meteorological Society 81: 1281-1299.
107. Rosenfeld D, Lohmann U, Raga GB, O'Dowd CD, Kulmala M, Fuzzi S, Reissel A, Andreae MO. 2008. Flood or drought: how do aerosols affect precipitation?. Science 321(5894): 1309-1313.
108. Rotstayn LD, Keywood MD, Forgan BW, Gabric AJ, Galbally IE, Gras JL, Luhar AK, McTainsh GH, Mitchell RM, Young SA. 2009. Possible impacts of anthropogenic and natural aerosols on Australian climate: a review. International Journal of Climatology 29(4): 461-479.
109. Rudiger C, Hancock G, Hemakumara HM, Jacobs B, Kalma JD, Martinez C, Thyer M, Walker JP, Wells T, Willgoose GR. 2007. Goulburn River experimental catchment data set. Water Resources Research 43: W10403, DOI:10.1029/2006WR005837.
110. Salati E, Vose PB. 1984. Amazon basin-a system in equilibrium. Science 225(4658): 129-138.
111. Salati E, Lovejoy TE, Vose PB. 1983. Precipitation and water recycling in tropical rain forests with special reference to the Amazon Basin. Environmentalist 3: 67-71.
112. Saleh K, Kerr YH, Richaume P, Escorihuela MJ, Panciera R, Delwart S, Boulet G, Maisongrande P, Walker JP, Wursteisen P, Wigneron JP. 2009. Soil moisture retrievals at L-band using a two-step inversion approach (COSMOS/NAFE'05 Experiment). Remote Sensing of Environment 113: 1304-1312, DOI:10.1016/j.rse.2009. 02.013.
113. Santanello JA Jr, Friedl MA, Kustas WP. 2005. An empirical investigation of convective planetary boundary layer evolution and its relationship with the land surface. Journal of Applied Meteorology 44(6): 917-932.
114. Santanello JA Jr, Friedl MA, Ek MB. 2007. Convective planetary boundary layer interactions with the land surface at diurnal time scales: diagnostics and feedbacks. Journal of Hydrometeorology 8: 1082-1097.
115. Shindell DT, Levy H II, Schwarzkopf MD, Horowitz LW, Lamarque J-F, Faluvegi G. 2008. Multimodel projections of climate change from short-lived emissions due to human activities. Journal of Geophysical Research 113: D11109, DOI:10.1029/2007JD009152.
116. Stohl A, James P. 2004. A Lagrangian analysis of the atmospheric branch of the global water cycle. Part I: method description, validation, and demonstration for the August 2002 flooding in central Europe. Journal of Hydrometeorology 5(4): 656-678.
117. Taylor J, Webb R. 2005. Meteorological aspects of the January 2003 south-eastern Australia bushfire outbreak. Australian Forestry 68(2): 94-103.
118. Timbal B, Power S, Colman R, Viviand J, Lirola S. 2002. Does soil moisture influence climate variability and predictability over Australia?. Journal of Climate 15: 1230-1238.
119. Trenberth KE. 1999. Atmospheric moisture recycling: role of advection and local evaporation. Journal of Climate 12(5): 1368-1381.
120. Ummenhofer CC, England MH, McIntosh PC, Meyers GA, Pook MJ, Risbey JS, Gupta AS, Taschetto AS. 2009. What causes Southeast Australia's worst droughts. Geophysical Research Letters 36(4): L04706, DOI:10.1029/2008GL036801.
121. Wheeler M, Hendon H, Cleland S, Meinke H, Donald A. 2009. Impacts of the Madden-Julian oscillation on australian rainfall and circulation. Journal of Climate 22(6): 1482-1498.
122. Williams AAJ, Stone RC. 2009. An assessment of relationships between the Australian subtropical ridge, rainfall variability, and high-latitude circulation patterns. International Journal of Climatology 29: 691-709, DOI:10.1002/joc.1732.
123. Williams AAJ, Karoly DJ, Tapper N. 2001. The sensitivity of Australian fire danger to climate change. Climatic Change 49(1-2): 171-191.
124. Young R, Walker JP, Yeoh N, Smith A, Ellett K, Merlin O, Western A. 2008. Soil Moisture and Meteorological Observations From the Murrumbidgee Catchment. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of Melbourne: Australia.
125. Zaitchik BF, Evans J, Smith RB. 2005. MODIS-derived boundary conditions for a mesoscale climate model: application to irrigated agriculture in the euphrates basin. Monthly Weather Review 133: 1727-1743.
126. Zhang H. 2004. Analyzing the potential impacts of soil moisture on the observed and model-simulated Australian surface temperature variations. Journal of Climate 17: 4190-4212.
127. Zhao M, Pitman AJ. 2002. The impact of land cover change and increasing carbon dioxide on the extreme and frequency of maximum temperature and convective precipitation. Geophysical Research Letters 29(6): 2-1.
128. th 2009.